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Biomedical subjects

H Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to H Thompson.

306 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical management of traumatic retinal detachment with perfluorocarbon liquid. The Vitreon Study Group.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene on the outcome of traumatic retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a retrospective study of 111 patients was performed at 35 tertiary care centers, both private practice and institutional. We believed that perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene would assist in manipulating the retina during surgery, removing intraocular foreign bodies, draining suprachoroidal hemorrhage, and reattaching the retina because of the perfluorocarbon's high specific gravity. METHODS: Of the 700 patients in the Vitreo study group, 111 with a history of trauma (109 had retinal detachment, 50 had proliferative vitreoretinopathy) were chosen for this study. Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene was used intraoperatively to manipulate the retina hydrokinetically, remove intraocular foreign bodies, drain suprachoroidal hemorrhage, and to reattach the retina in the case of giant tears. RESULTS: Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors as being predictive of poor visual outcome. Factors predictive of poor visual outcome were: type of trauma (p = 0.0065) (ruptured globe); presence of giant retinal tear (p = 0.0253); and low preoperative visual acuity (p = 0.044). At the last follow-up examination, the reattachment rate was 75.6% (i.e., 84 eyes). Of those 84 eyes, 55 (49.5%) had achieved a visual acuity of > or = 5/200 and 34 (30.6%) had a visual acuity of > or = 20/200. In cases complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the final reattachment rate was 66%, with 40% of the eyes studied obtaining a visual acuity of > or = 5/200. CONCLUSIONS: Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene has been used intraoperatively in the management of traumatic retinal detachments without any apparent ill effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Limitations of biopsy in preoperative assessment of villous papilloma.

Between January 1975 and December 1979, 58 patients were diagnosed as having villous papilloma of the large bowel. A retrospective review was performed and all histologic specimens were re-examined by one gastrointestinal histopathologist (H.T.). On review, 19 (23 per cent) lesions were reclassified as not being villous papilloma. Results of preoperative biopsy examinations were misleading in 13 of the 29 patients who had biopsy procedures reported by any member of the histopathology department. When the assessment of malignancy in the initial biopsy specimens was compared with that of the final histologic diagnosis, there were ten (34 per cent) false-negative and three (10 per cent) false-positive reports. Even when the excised specimens were reviewed for malignancy by a specialist gastrointestinal histopathologist, there were seven (24 per cent) false-negative results.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-image and self-esteem in African-American preteen girls: implications for mental health.

Current research suggests that pubertal development is occurring earlier in African-American preteen girls in response to familial contextual factors, which may make them vulnerable to low self-image and self-esteem dissatisfaction. This lowering in self-image and self-esteem may contribute to the early initiation of sexual behaviors, putting these girls at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. These potential risks place these girls in need of prepubertal health promotion, yet preadolescents are not frequently a focus of nursing care delivery except when summer camp and back-to-school physicals are performed. This article presents an in-depth overview of selected literature on self-esteem, discusses findings on self-image and self-esteem from a pilot study on pubertal influences on accelerated sexual behavior, and proposes health promotion strategies for pre- and peripubertal girls to promote positive mental health outcomes. More focused attention is needed on health promotion targeting the developmental transition health needs of prepubertal girls. Targeted health promotion activities may foster healthier pre- and peripubertal girls' perceptions of the meaning of their pubertal physical changes and stronger self-image and self-esteem. The goal of these health promotion activities should be to foster continuity of positive self-image and self-esteem among preteen girls, which is essential to prevent initiation of premature-for-age risk of problem behavior, such as early coitus.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoxetine in pathologic skin-picking: open-label and double-blind results.

Various studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be useful in treating pathologic skin-picking. The authors investigated the effectiveness of fluoxetine in treating this behavior. Fifteen subjects with clinically significant skin-picking were recruited by newspaper advertisement. They received 6 weeks of open-label treatment with fluoxetine. Responders were then randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind fluoxetine or placebo. Treatment effect was assessed with standardized rating scales. All 15 subjects completed open-label treatment, and 8 were responders. Of these eight, the four randomized to double-blind fluoxetine maintained clinically significant improvement. The four randomized to placebo returned to their baseline symptom level. Larger studies are needed to determine which individuals are likely to respond to fluoxetine and the relative effectiveness of fluoxetine, other SSRIs, and other forms of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraction of an hyperglycaemic principle from the annatto (Bixa orellana), a medicinal plant in the West Indies.

The red powdery extract from the seeds of the annatto, Bixa orellana, is a well known food colouring. In an oil suspension it is used as a folk remedy (bush tea) in the West Indies, for diabetes mellitus. Detailed investigations on this extract, yielded a methyl ester, trans-bixin, molecular weight 394 and molecular formula C24H30O4. This purified substance was demonstrated, in anaesthetised mongrel dogs, to cause hyperglycaemia. Concomitant electron microscopy of tissue biopsies, revealed damage to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum mainly in liver and pancreas. When dogs were fed on a diet fortified with riboflavin, there was neither demonstrable tissue damage nor associated hyperglycaemia. These findings point to: (i) the potential dangers of informal medications such as 'bush teas'; (ii) the possible role of plant extracts/food additives in the development of diabetes mellitus especially in the undernourished state.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the pathogenicity of three strains of bovid herpesvirus 2 in calves.

The isolates of Bovid herpesvirus 2 share common morphological, physical and antigenic features, but differences in their pathogenicity for cattle have been found among the strains. In order to investigate this aspect in more detail a comparative study was made of the skin lesions produced in calves by three strains of the virus: Allerton BA, bovine mammilitis and 69/1L0. The results show that Allerton BA was less pathogenic for calves than the other two strains used in the experiment. This conclusion is supported by the observations that very few inclusion bodies were found in the lesions produced by Alerton BA, and the maximum titre of virus in the lesions was lower than the titres obtained with bovine mammillitis and 69/1L0. Moreover the thickness and diameter of the lesions with Allerton BA were less than those with the other strains. It is speculated that Allerton BA strain, which originated from a buffalo, might behave similarly to bovine mammillitis and 69/1LO following serial passages in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenic analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia.

Aeromonas hydrophila has emerged as a potential pathogen in the immunocompromised host. Various aeromonal infections, including septicemia, have also been reported in apparently healthy individuals. For years, researchers have disagreed over the epidemiologic roles of aeromonads in gastroenteritis. Isolation rates of aeromonads by stool culture among patients with gastroenteritis are not consistently high. Carriers of this bacterium also exist. The septicemic course is, however, often fulminant and fatal, and may lack an obvious focus. Pathogenic mechanisms are complex and largely unresolved. The objective of this study is to report the necropsy findings from a uremic patient who presented with typical aeromonal septicemia of obscure origin asking if such investigation could give insight into some of the questions mentioned previously. Western blot immunostaining for aerolysin (beta-hemolysin of aeromonads) was used to evaluate whether or not such a virulence factor is involved in the process of septic dissemination. The autopsy showed that the skin and liver contained microabscesses. The upper gastrointestinal mucosae and spleen contain patchy putrefactive lesions with adjacent focal hemorrhage. Perimortem blood cultures grew Aeromonas hydrophila. A conventional Western blot analysis of the culture supernatant failed to show aerolysin. A control Aeromonas sobia American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain produces readily detectable aerolysin. It is concluded that this isolate may be aerolysin-deficient or one secreting low levels of aerolysin; these would require more sensitive methods of detection. The primary focus of infection might be the upper gastrointestinal tract. Other virulence factors including the bacterial proteases and/or phospholipases might be responsible for the pathogenesis of septic dissemination.

Aeromonas hydrophila↗