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Biomedical subjects

H Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to H Thompson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Peroperative frozen section and cytology to assess proximal invasion in gastro-oesophageal carcinoma.

Peroperative frozen sections and cytological material have been obtained in 39 consecutive gastro-oesophageal resections between October 1978 and February 1980. Material from the proximal edge of the resected specimen was unreliable because of 3 false positive cytology results and 1 false positive frozen section report. Frozen section (no errors) was shown to be significantly more accurate than cytology (6 errors) when material was obtained from the distal oesophagus. Fatal anastomotic dehiscence occurred in only 1 of 30 resections when the excision was adequate. Where the results of frozen section were acted upon, in 5 of 9 patients with an inadequate excision, only 1 fatal dehiscence occurred compared with fatal dehiscence in all 4 patients where a second excision was not performed. These results indicate that frozen section of the distal oesophagus should be used to determine the extent of oesophageal resection in operations for gastro-oesophageal cancer.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Faecal toxin and severity of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

The relationship between faecal toxin titre, histological evidence of pseudomembrane in the rectum, and severity of antibiotic-associated colitis has been analysed from data on 62 patients whose faeces contained Clostridium difficile toxin. There was a significant correlation between a toxin titre of 6400 or more and the presence of pseudomembrane (p less than 005). There was no correlation between toxin titre, duration of diarrhoea, total white cell count, temperature, serum albumin or serum orosomucoid concentrations. There was, however, a significant correlation between the presence of rectal pseudomembrane and duration of diarrhoea (p less than 0.005). Exposure to clindamycin or lincomycin was also associated with a significantly higher toxin titre than that seen in patients who were given other antibiotics. The duration of diarrhoea of diarrhoea was not longer and rectal pseudomembrane did not occur more often in the patients who had received clindamycin or lincomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on intestinal gas.

The effectiveness of activated charcoal in treating intestinal gas, following a gas producing meal, was compared with a placebo. Both the number of flatus events and breath hydrogen levels were measured. These experiments showed that orally administered activated charcoal was effective in preventing the large increase in the number of flatus events and increased breath hydrogen concentrations that normally occur following a gas-producing meal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Membranous nephropathy in the cat and dog: a renal biopsy and follow-up study of sixteen cases.

A morphologic study of biopsy specimens from 16 cases of membranous nephropathy in the cat (11 cases) and dog (five cases) was carried out using conventional light microscopy, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Depending on the degree of membranous change of the capillary loops and glomerular scarring, each case was graded "mild," "moderately severe," or "advanced." Clinically, most cases were presented showing the nephrotic syndrome, although two cases were presented in chronic renal failure. Most cases were followed through to necropsy after an interval ranging between 2 days and 3 years. In some cases, repeated biopsies were taken during this period.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Phenylbutazone toxicosis in equidae: a biochemical and pathophysiological study.

Toxic effects of phenylbutazone (PBZ) in ponies and horses were studied, using a variety of biochemical, pathophysiologic, and pathologic methods. At dosage levels of 10 to 12 mg/kg of body weight/day for 8 to 10 days, ponies frequently developed clinical signs of toxicosis characterized by hypoproteinemia. Studies using 51CrCl3 demonstrated that PBZ caused a protein-losing gastroenteropathy. The plasma loss was usually associated with gastrointestinal ulceration, but sometimes occurred without obvious lesions in mildly affected animals. Similar studies (8.2 mg/kg/day for 13 days) in Thoroughbreds indicated that they were less susceptible to PBZ toxicity; however, a degree of hypoproteinemia occurred in 4 of 6 treated Thoroughbreds.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of specific, high-affinity binding sites for L-[3H]glutamic acid in rat brain membranes.

L-[3H]Glutamic acid binds reversibly to rat brain membranes with high affinity. Specific binding is linear with tissue concentration and has a pH optimum at neutrality. Saturation isotherms reveal anomolous kinetics of specific binding with an high affinity site with a KD of 11 nM and a lower affinity site with a KD of 80 nM; the Scatchard plots intercept at a common bound/free ratio. Hill plots of the complete saturation isotherms have a slope of 1.0. There are marked regional differences in the distribution of binding sites in rat brain: parietal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus greater than striatum greater than thalamus greater than cerebellum, pons-medulla and hypothalamus. Except for a small amount of specific binding in heart, other peripheral tissues do not exhibit specific binding of L-[3H]glutamic acid. Several amino acids with neuroexcitatory effects inhibit the specific binding: L-glutamic acid greater than L-aspartic acid and D,L-homocysteic acid greater than D-glutamic acid and L-cysteine sulfinic acid; related amino acids without neuroexcitatory effects do not inhibit specific binding. Reputed antagonists of glutamate-induced neuronal depolarization block specific binding: alpha-aminoadipic acid greater than 2-amino,4-phosphonobutyric acid greater than glutamate diethylester. Prior kainate lesion of the neurons intrinsic to the striatum results in a 45% decrement in specific binding of L-[3H]glutamic acid whereas cortical ablation, which causes degeneration of a cortical-striatal glutamatergic projection and reduces striatal glutamate synaptosomal uptake, does not affect specific binding. These results are compatible with the interpretation that the binding of [3H]glutamic acid occurs at excitatory receptors on neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Natural history of perianal Crohn's disease. Ten year follow-up: a plea for conservatism.

A 10 year follow-up of 109 patients with histologic Crohn's disease and anal lesions is reported. Fourteen patients (13 percent) have died, 7 from unrelated disorders. Ten required excision of the rectum, but only 5 for perianal disease (4.5 percent). Of the remaining 85 patients, 61 have been followed up to proctoscopy and rectal biopsy. Anal skin tags were still evident in 25 of 37 patients (68 percent), but new tags have appeared in only 2 patients. Ten of 53 fissures (19 percent) were still present at 10 years, and there were no new fissures. Seven of 21 patients (33 percent) still had fistulas but were asymptomatic; the remainder of the fistulas had healed spontaneously (8) or after operation (6). New fistulas have appeared in five patients. None of the patients have been in continent. These results indicate that perianal manifestations of Crohn's disease pursue a relatively benign course and are rarely an indication for proctectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma in a rectovaginal fistula in a patient with Crohn's disease.

A patient with Crohn's disease underwent resection for internal fistulas. Later a rectovaginal fistula developed that persisted with minimal symptoms for 10 years before causing pain and induration in the posterior vaginal wall, due to carcinoma developing within the fistula.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1980

Malignancy in Crohn's disease.

Cancer morbidity has been evaluated in a series of 513 patients with Crohn's disease under long-term review between 1944-76. In comparison with morbidity rates for cancer in the West Midlands Region (the geographical area from which these patients were drawn) the 31 tumours that occurred represented a relative risk of 1.7 (P less than 0.01) of cancer at all sites. For tumours at sites within the digestive system the relative risk was 3.3 (P less than 0.001). A significant excess of tumours was found in both the upper (P less than 0.01) and lower (P less than 0.001) gastrointestinal tract. There was no excess of tumours at any site outside the digestive system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Association of coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

The association of coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease is rare, as only three individual cases have been reported. Four additional cases of the association are described. A review of the prevalence figures for the two disorders suggests that this is more than a chance association.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Finger clubbing in inflammatory bowel disease: its prevalence and pathogenesis.

Finger clubbing, measured objectively by using the hyponychial angle, was present in 75 out of 200 (38%) patients with Crohn's disease, 15 out of 103 (15%) with ulcerative colitis, and two out of 24 (8%) with proctitis. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis the hyponychial angle was significantly correlated with both disease activity and the extent of fibrosis in the resected specimens from 47 surgically treated patients. The prevalence of finger clubbing in patients with macroscopic disease within the area of the gut innervated by the vagus nerve was significantly higher than that in patients in whom the disease was confined to the distal colon and rectum. Finger clubbing in patients with Crohn's disease tended to regress after resection of macroscopic disease. It is concluded that finger clubbing is significantly commoner in Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis. The focal stimuli for finger clubbing include mucosal inflammatory change and fibrosis mediated by the vagus and possibly other autonomic pathways acting as the afferent arc of a finger-clubbing reflex.

Adolescent↗