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Biomedical subjects

H Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to H Thomas.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The working relationship between the general practitioner and the health visitor.

The views of 40 health visitors from the Cambridge health district on their working relationship with general practitioners are presented. Patterns of attachment and facilities at the work base are described. The health visitors gave ratings for the frequency and facility of their contact with the general practitioners, the types of patients referred to them and their overall relationship with the doctors. The health visitors' own suggestions for improvement in the relationship are discussed.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1983

The genetic activity of anthramycin, tomaymycin and sibiromycin in bacterial forward- and reverse-mutation assays and in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test.

The genetic activity of the structurally similar antitumor antibiotics anthramycin, tomaymycin and sibiromycin was evaluated in the standard Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, a Salmonella typhimurium forward-mutation assay and the micronucleus test. None of the test drugs showed any significant genetic activity in forward or reverse Salmonella mutation assays. The ability of mouse-liver enzymes to produce mutagens from the drugs was examined in the Salmonella reverse-mutation assay and was generally negative. As the concentrations of sibiromycin increased, some activity was detected in the presence of liver S-9 fractions from Aroclor-induced mice. This observation could not be verified at higher concentrations in the reverse-mutation assay due to cytotoxicity, and in the forward-mutation assay due to interference with the selection process by S-9. Cytogenetic evaluation of anthramycin and tomaymycin in the micronucleus test also gave negative results. However, significant increases in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in the bone marrow of sibiromycin-treated mice. The results suggest that, except for some possible activity of sibiromycin, these drugs are generally devoid of any marked genetic activity in the test systems employed.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of a non-A, non-B-associated antigen/antibody system detected by radioimmunoassay in acute and chronic liver disease.

An antigen/antibody system associated with one form of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis has been identified by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). The antigen is found in 3% of normal subjects and in increased frequency in patients with haemophilia, renal homograft recipients, homosexual men, prostitutes, drug addicts, and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The antigen was found in normal frequency in patients with acute hepatitis A and B, sporadic NANB hepatitis (nondrug addicts), autoimmune and alcohol-induced chronic liver disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Anaphylaxis: pathophysiology, clinical presentations and treatment.

Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions are abrupt, often life-threatening episodes, secondary to the liberation of certain chemical mediators, and their effects on target organs. The number of agents known to trigger such reactions is expanding, with the most common fatal reactions secondary to penicillins, iodinated contrast material (ICM), and hymenoptera stings. Limited studies point to upper airway obstruction and circulatory collapse as the causes of death in man. It is felt that the frequency of cardiovascular involvement is not widely appreciated, and that hypotensive patients can be markedly hypovolemic. The primary goals of treatment should be aimed at preventing or reversing complications, and include immediate attention to the airway, cardiac monitoring, and establishment of intravenous access. The cornerstone of pharmacologic therapy is epinephrine. A comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, symptomatology, and treatment is presented.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1983

[Filariasis of the eye: problems with animal models].

Twelve rodents (Mastomys natalensis and Meriones persicus) were infected, with L3 larvae of Litomosoides carinii and Dipetalonema viteae. Eighty days after infection the number of microfilariae (L1 larvae) was determined by smears from the peripheral venous blood. It was found that there were 48 and 69 X 10(3) microfilariae per ml blood. The hosts were killed and the eyes (conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, posterior part of the globe, optic nerve) as well as other organs (skin, brain, liver, heart and skeletal muscles, kidney, diaphragm and lung) were embedded for electron microscopic studies. Eight of the infected rodents, which are the specific hosts for these filariae, had been treated before the dissection with metrifonate (3 X 100 mg/kg) or diethylcarbamazine (3 X 250 mg/kg). These dosages led to the disappearance of microfilariae from the peripheral venous blood. In untreated controls microfilariae were found in the vessels of the chorioidea and retina, whereas after therapy there was no trace of these larvae in the eye. However, in the capillaries and in the interstitial space of other organs numerous degenerating microfilariae were observed. Furthermore, some larvae were seen intracellularly in liver and muscles. These intracellular stages had fewer or even no lesions compared to the extracellular ones, suggesting that they might escape the activity of the drugs. It is unknown whether similar phenomena occur in worms pathogenic to man. These laboratory models using the filariae of rodents (D. viteae with unsheathed and L. carinii with sheathed microfilariae) are very helpful for studying the pathogenic effects in eyes caused by microfilariae which circulate in the blood stream (Loa, Wuchereria).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural investigations on the effects of praziquantel on human trematodes from Asia: Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Opisthorchis viverrini, Paragonimus westermani and Schistosoma japonicum.

The effect of praziquantel (Biltricide) on the ultrastructure of trematodes pathogenic to man in Asia was investigated in: Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Schistosoma japonicum, Metagonimus yokogawai, and Paragonimus westermani. The different parasites were isolated from their respective experimental hosts and uniformly incubated for 5, 15, 30 or 60 min at 37 degrees C in medium TC 199 containing 0, 1, 10 or 100 micrograms praziquantel/ml. All parasites exposed to praziquantel were contracted and displayed tegumental alterations. 1. Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma japonicum reacted with severe tegumental vacuolisation within 5 min after exposure to 1 microgram praziquantel/ml. The extent of the damage induced increased with exposure time. 2. In vivo treated Opisthorchis viverrini worms had the same damages as in vitro treated ones. 3. Metagonimus yokogawai displayed the same degree of vacuolisation after exposure to all concentrations of praziquantel. Complete destruction of the tegumental surface was not achieved, however, possibly because of the presence of numerous tegumental hooks. 4. Paragonimus westermani was least sensitive to praziquantel. Only very few vacuoles were formed after incubation in 100 micrograms/ml for 60 min. It is assumed that the very dense texture of the thick tegument is responsible for the relative refractoriness to praziquantel in vitro. However, in vivo the parasite is successfully eliminated by praziquantel.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Transmural anterior wall infarct with isolated disease of the anterior interventricular ramus. Long-term prognosis in relation to the degree of stenosis and location].

We examined the long-term prognosis in 213 survivors of the acute phase of a transmural anterior myocardial infarction with single vessel disease. All patients (pts) had undergone coronary angiography ad exercise testing at a mean interval of 6 months after myocardial infarction. 117 pts had a single lesion in the proximal LAD; 96 pts had a lesion after the first septal branch. The mean follow-up time was 4.5 years. The annual mortality for the whole group was 1.3%; 77% of all deaths occurred in pts with a greater than or equal to 75% proximal LAD lesion. The annual mortality of this subgroup was 2.75%--significantly higher than the 0.5% annual mortality in the remainder (p less than 0.003). Exercise-induced angina was of prognostic importance only in pts with greater than or equal to 75% proximal LAD lesions (annual mortality 7.25% in this small subgroup). None of the patients with angina and a lesion after the first septal branch died during follow-up. The degree and the location of the stenosis are of prognostic importance even after transmural myocardial infarction. Exercise-induced angina In pts with 1-VD after transmural anterior myocardial infarction is associated with a poor prognosis if it occurs in those with a greater than or equal to 75% stenosis in the proximal LAD. These results may help in the decision-making process for transluminal angioplasty or bypass surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Extracorporeal immunoadsorption of plasma from a metastatic colon carcinoma patient by protein A-containing nonviable Staphylococcus aureus: clinical, biochemical, serologic, and histologic evaluation of the patient's response.

A patient with a metastatic colon carcinoma was treated by immunoadsorption (IA) therapy using heat-killed, formalin-stabilized protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I as the immunoadsorbent. The patient experienced both subjective and objective positive clinical response without undue morbidity. The patient's response correlated well with laboratory findings of decreased concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immune complexes (IC) and histopathologic data. The patient underwent surgery following 15 IA treatments; she lived for eighteen months, post-treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

New results on the effect of praziquantel in experimental cysticercosis.

14C-praziquantel penetrates the cyst wall of Cysticercus fasciolaris and kills the cysticercus within the cyst, although the uptake of praziquantel by the encysted larva was slower than by an isolated one. This fact is in good agreement with earlier in vitro chemotherapeutic studies. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies have shown that praziquantel causes a marked destruction of the tegument along the whole pseudostrobila and the scolex of C. fasciolaris. The type of tegumental damage is identical to that produced in adult tapeworms and trematodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Light and electron microscopic studies on Schistosoma mansoni Granulomas of mouse livers following treatment with praziquantel.

The disintegration of Schistosoma mansoni and their eggs was studied in the liver of mice after termination of the infection by praziquantel. Egg granulomas, which were already present at the time of treatment, attained their maximal diameter of 380 microns after 2-3 weeks. Within the following 5 weeks, granulomas very rapidly regressed in size to only 165 microns. Directly after treatment, worms were trapped in the liver where they were quickly invaded by granulocytes and subsequently phagocytosed within 3 weeks. Worm granulomas measured 700 and 900 microns after 3 and 8 weeks, respectively, but then regressed rapidly to only 550 microns after 12 weeks. Liver lesions appeared to regress more rapidly after praziquantel than after treatment with other schistosomicidal drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

On the nature of the proglottids of cestodes: a light and electron microscopic study on Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Echinococcus.

The organisation of five species of cyclophyllidean cestodes (Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta, H. microstoma, Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis, Echinococcus multilocularis) has been studied using light and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). It was found that there is no indication of any internal structure separating the proglottids, which are recognisable superficially. Thus in cestodes there is no metameric segmentation as in annelids. The implications of these findings on the terminology of tapeworm morphology are critically discussed.

Animals↗