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Biomedical subjects

H Thaler

Publications and source records attributed to H Thaler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Chemotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning with intravenous silibinin.

1 A total of 18 cases of Amanita phalloides intoxication was treated by combined chemotherapy during 1980 and 1981. After attempted primary elimination of the toxin all patients received silibinin as basic therapy mainly by infusion and in two instances orally. 2 In order to evaluate the effect of silibinin therapy a retrospective study of the followed-up case records was made. The cases were arbitrarily classified into three groups according to the severity of liver damage (light, medium and severe). 3 There was found a close relationship between the severity of liver injury and the delay between mushroom ingestion and the onset of silibinin therapy. With the exception of one fatality in a particularly high dosage suicidal intoxication, all patients survived. 4 Administration of silibrinin even up to 48 h after mushroom ingestion appears to be an effective measure to prevent severe liver damage in Amanita phalloides poisoning. Contrarily, the onset of general supportive treatment together with penicillin therapy which was throughout several hours before silibinin administration did not correlate with the severity of liver damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Proliferative potential of subpopulations of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in normal subjects and chronic myelogenous leukemia patients.

The studies described compare the subpopulations of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells present in normal marrow with those derived from the marrow of patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The subpopulations were separated on the basis of size by velocity sedimentation and measured for their proliferative capacity by the colony formation technique. A pattern of development of colonies in the individual fractions was obtained by assaying the absolute number of colonies present at time intervals from 3 to 21 days. The number of colonies present at 3 days was taken as 100%, and the percentage of increase or decrease from this value was determined on subsequent days. In the fractions containing the most rapidly sedimenting large cells, the pattern of development of colonies derived from normal and CML marrow was similar. The CML colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) began to show a deviation from the normal CFU-C pattern of development in the fractions containing CFU-C intermediate in size, and this deviation became progressively more pronounced in the slowest sedimenting small cell fractions. In these latter fractions, the CFU-C derived from CML marrow decreased in number at a rate similar to those arising from the more rapidly sedimenting fractions. This is in contrast to CFU-C derived from normal marrow, which increased in number in the more slowly sedimenting fractions and in the intermediate fractions, remained constant in number, or decreased at a rate slower than those arising from the more rapidly sedimenting fractions. The most likely explanation for these findings is accelerated maturation of the early small granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in CML so that these cells show the same limited proliferative capacity as do the later larger progenitor cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1983

[Drug-induced jaundice].

The preconditions and causes of a drug-induced liver damage are discussed. The drug-induced cholestasis is a relatively seldom, benign liver disease. It may be triggered by more than hundred basic pharmacological substances. According to histology one distinguishes between pure cholestases and cholestases with inflammatory reaction. These cholestases generally are caused by covalent binding of toxic metabolites to structures of the liver cells which are essential for bile secretion. Some of these metabolite-protein-complexes act as antigens. A prophylaxis of drug-induced cholestases is only efficient in a small group of genetically determined persons. In most of the cases therapy besides of the elimination of the causing drug is not necessary.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1982

Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis.

Six patients with post-infantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH) are reported. The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 74 years. One patient had acute giant cell hepatitis and complete restitution was established by biopsy. In five patients, giant cell formation was seen in chronic aggressive hepatitis with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was demonstrated 5-11 months after the onset of hepatitis. All of these cases later became inactive, but in only one was evidence of inactivity obtained by liver biopsy. Giant cell hepatitis occurred in 0.25% of patients with post-infantile hepatitis; however, all but one of the PIGCH-cases were seen between 1972 and 1974. Hepatitis B markers were negative in all tested cases. The possibility of a special type of infection is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Drug therapy in the eighties and the liver].

Drug therapy of liver diseases is fundamentally rather difficult, due to the elaborate function of the organ. Nevertheless there are essential aims to be achieved in the pharmacological and clinical research; drug therapy of liver disease as it is being conducted nowadays has to be ridded from dead freight in favour of compounds, whose efficacy has been proven; indications have to be defined properly. It is also to be hoped, that in the decade to come a new immunostimulatory and antiviral therapy will be developed for treatment of chronic active viral hepatitis; the problem of acute viral hepatitis might be solved through development of a polyvalent vaccine. There is also a good possibility for temporary substitution of liver function by new devices.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Iatrogenic toxic liver disease.

Important factors for toxic injuries of the liver are route of application, binding rate to plasma proteins elimination rates, rates, biotransformation, enzyme induction, covalent binding to macromolecules and lipid peroxidation. The concurrence of these factors in the production of toxic liver injury is demonstrated in paracetamol-poisoning and isoniazid-hepatitis. In order to avoid misunderstanding and nomenclatory difficulties it is recommended to distinguish between obligatory and facultative hepatotoxins (or toxic hepatic reactions).

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

Advancement of men and women in medical academia. A pilot study.

Academic promotion patterns were studied in the facilities of four US medical colleges. The average number of years for promotion to each professional rank in each college was consistently greater for women than for men. While the data themselves do not prove discrimination, they are consistent with the underuse of female physicians in medical academia, with the lack of improvement in their statistical representation over the past 15 years, and with the picture of women in higher education in general. This topic should receive more attention, and more complete data on the relative qualifications of male and female medical faculty should be obtained.

Achievement↗
PubMed1981

[Concealed alcohol abuse (author's transl)].

Concealed alcohol abuse is primarily a social problem concerning predominantly women. Chronic alcoholism may be diagnosed by objective signs and biochemical data. The increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is very indicative but not conclusive. Concealed chronic alcoholism may be proven by environmental anamnesis and in advanced cases by liver biopsy. With psychological skill and supported by the facts, the physician is usually able to induce the patient to speak. The patient has to admit his abuse and to understand his pathological condition if therapy is to be successful, therapy being absolute abstinence from alcohol. Abstinence may be controlled by determinations of gamma-GT.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

[New developments in therapy and prophylaxis of viral hepatitis (author's transl)].

Acute viral hepatitis is in most of the cases a self-limited disease. Therefore, therapeutic procedures are concentrated upon chronic aggressive hepatitis. Thus far immunostimulation has proven to be not very effective, Antiviral therapy with interferon, poly I:C, vidarabine, or ribavirin seems to be more promising, but at present, immunosuppressive treatment is still the therapy of choice despite its obvious disadvantages. The shortcomings of therapy, accord the prophylaxis of viral hepatitis the greater chance. Against hepatitis A, passive immunisation can be achieved with ordinary gamma-globulin, whereas against hepatitis B, hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIg) has to be used. Active immunisation is presently possible against hepatitis A and B. In a few years, the necessary quantities of vaccine will be available to commence vaccination on a large scale. Some promising results are obtained in our endeavour against hepatitis non A non B, but an effective prophylaxis will not be available in the near future.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1981

The significance of splenomegaly in 101 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at presentation and during remission.

One-hundred-one adult patients with ALL were analyzed to determine the prognostic implications of splenomegaly occurring at any time during the course of their illness. The clinical status of the spleen at presentation was not found to be of major prognostic significance. Complete response rates, remission durations, and survivals did not differ between patients with and without splenomegaly at presentation. An enlarged spleen accompanied relapse in four patients. In six additional patients, splenomegaly was present during complete remission, and splenectomies performed in five of these patients revealed no evidence of leukemia to account for the splenomegaly. Splenectomy does not appear to be detrimental, as all five patients are currently in complete remission from 20 to 63 mo after splenectomy. Evidence implicating the spleen as a source of an antibody directed against autologous leukemia cells in one patient is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Medical treatment of chronic hepatitis. Results of a retrospective study.

A retrospective study on 247 cases of chronic hepatitis was made. 177 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) were treated with prednisolone, azathioprine, the combination of prednisolone and azathioprine, or D-penicillamine. Prednisolone and the combined therapy was significantly more effective than azathioprine or D-penicillamine. It seems questionable, however, whether the addition of azathioprine to prednisolone is of real advantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Fatty liver.

Steatosis of the liver is a harmless symptom of disturbed lipid metabolism but not a disease. The cause of the steatosis, and not the fat accumulation by itself, produced cirrhosis. There is no evidence so far in man that cirrhosis may be caused by nutritional deficiencies alone. Even cirrhosis after small bowel bypass procedures seems to be result from metabolic rather than nutritional disturbances.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatotoxicity].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatitis B markers in paediatric patients (author's transl)].

372 children with suspected liver disease were examined for serum HBsAg. Six (three boys, three girls) were found to be positive (1.6%). Further studies of these patients for up to three and a half years revealed elimination of HBsAg in one case only. Biopsies were performed in five patients. Three showed mild chronic hepatitis (two chronic persistent hepatitis, one unspecific reactive hepatitis). Chronic aggressive hepatitis was diagnosed in one patient. One child seemed to be normal on light microscopy, but the findings on electron microscopy were abnormal, the liver cell nuclei being filled with core particles. Two thirds of the family contacts of these children showed hepatitis B marker. Two pregnancies were observed in HBsAg-positive mothers. An infection of the babies was not demonstrable.

Carrier State↗