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Biomedical subjects

H Tazaki

Publications and source records attributed to H Tazaki.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Congenital ureteral valves: report of 2 cases].

Congenital ureteral valves have not been a well recognized condition for the cause of ureteral obstruction. In our first case a 21-year-old male presented with left flank pain. Intravenous urography showed left mild hydronephrosis due to upper ureteral obstruction. Partial ureteral resection and re-anastomosis was performed. Histology demonstrated mucosal folds with smooth muscle. In our second case a 12-year-old boy presented with left flank pain. Retrograde pyelogram showed a fold-like filing defect which suggested ureteral valve. Endoscopical valve resection through nephrostomy was performed. Optimal management and diagnostic difficulties were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Cytokine treatment of renal cell carcinoma].

Cytokine treatment of renal cell carcinoma is described, focusing on interferons (IFN) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Some cases with excellent responses are being reported, but long term follow-up results are rare. The results of monotherapy by cytokine are not satisfactory, so effective combination therapies with cytokines are awaited in future studies. Effects of the ongoing mono-therapy by cytokines are limited. For further development of the treatment, analyses of the complicated production system of cytokines and interactions are prerequisite.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of bromodeoxyuridine high labeled bladder cancer measured by flow cytometry: does flow cytometric determination predict the prognosis of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

We studied whether flow cytometric determination of proliferative cell activity estimated by the bromodeoxyuridine in vitro labeling technique provides significant prognosticators beyond the classical histological evaluation in the patient with bladder cancer. We evaluated 81 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using fresh bladder specimens. Clinical followup of at least more than 24 months was requested, with the mean followup being 37.9 +/- 10.5 months. Tumor grade and stage were the histological prognostic parameters. Flow cytometric bivariate measurements of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy and bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index were evaluated. Tumors with a bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index of more than 10.7%, which was the value of the mean plus 2 times the standard deviation obtained in grade 1 bladder tumors, were designated as high bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index tumors. A total of 51 patients with low bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index tumors demonstrated a 98.0% 3-year actuarial survival rate estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, compared to 42.9% for those with high index tumors. Multivariate survival analysis was performed with Cox's proportional regression model to study statistical individual prognostic values of histological and flow cytometric parameters. Histological tumor grade was the single most important prognostic factor (risk ratio 13.2, p < 0.05), with tumor stage being the second most important (risk ratio 9.2, p < 0.05), followed by bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index status (risk ratio 6.9, p < 0.05). DNA ploidy status did not influence the clinical outcome. When grade 3 tumors were classified as low and/or high bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index tumors, 3-year actuarial survival rates were 85.7% and 27.3%, respectively. These results indicate that DNA/bromodeoxyuridine bivariate analysis can be used as an effective adjunct to histological examination for prognostication and decision-making in treatment of bladder cancer patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy for ureteral stone fragmentation.

The efficacy of the second generation dye-laser lithotriptor (Pulsolith) with high power output was studied in 35 patients with ureteral stones. Ninety per cent of the calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were fragmented, although it required more total energy as compared to that delivered to calcium oxalate dihydrate or phosphate stones. Cystine stones remain resistant to dye-laser lithotripsy. The calculi including cystine stone were immersed in rifampicin or tetracycline solutions and the effect of optical coupling on fragmentation efficacy was measured in vitro. The optical coupling seemed to improve photo-acoustic effect, but the fragmentation rate for cystine stones remained only 10 per cent of that for calcium oxalate.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1993

[Long-term results and risk factors of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer who were treated by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation].

An evaluation was made of the long-term results and risk factors of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer who were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and who had a mean follow-up period of 57 months. Eligible for the study were a total of 102 patients who were treated by transurethral resection of tumors and were considered to be free from tumor from 1984 to 1989. A suspension containing 80 mg Tokyo 172 strain BCG in 50 ml normal saline was given intravesically to 50 patients once a week for six weeks without further maintenance instillation. To the other 52 patients was additionally given monthly intravesical BCG instillation for 12 months. The actuarial nonrecurrent rates according to sex, different BCG treatment protocol, tumor grade, tumor status including primary or recurrent tumors, and solitary or multiple tumors were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The estimated three-, five- and seven-year actuarial nonrecurrent rates in all 102 cases were 77.3%, 68.5% and 60.6%, respectively. When nonrecurrent rates were compared to tumor characteristics, no statistically significant differences were observed between primary and recurrent tumors or between solitary and multiple tumors estimated by generalized Wilcoxon method. On the other hand, when nonrecurrent rates were compared with tumor grades, grade 3 tumor showed a 40.0% three-year nonrecurrent rate. The differences between grade 3 and grade 1 and between grade 3 and grade 2 were statistically significant (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

[Percutaneous resection of renal pelvic carcinoma: a case report].

A 72-year-old male patient underwent antegrade percutaneous resection of a solitary and papillary tumor in the lower calyx of left kidney. He had undergone right nephroureterectomy one month previously due to right nonfunctioning kidney caused by right ureteral carcinoma. Percutaneous electroresection of the tumor was performed after puncture of a lower calyx. Pathological findings revealed a grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma. Second look biopsy was done on the 11th postoperative day, which showed no residual tumor pathologically. Continuous instillation of mitomycin-C 50 mg/50 ml saline with 40 cm H2O pressure for one hour was done through the nephrostomy catheter once a day, totally 7 days as an adjuvant therapy. No side effect was noticed. Cytological, radiographic studies were negative 24 months after the treatment. We discuss the indication and technical aspect of percutaneous approach to renal pelvic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Increase in erythropoietin secretion mediated by adenosine A2 receptors].

The present study was undertaken to assess the adenosine receptor regulation of erythropoietin (Ep) secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) in response to hypoxia. In vitro cultures of Hep3B cells with N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) at a concentration of 10(-5)M produced significant increases in cyclic AMP accumulation (142.43 +/- 13.31 pmole/10(6) cells) after 1 hr and Ep secretion (29.83 +/- 1.69 mU/ml) after 20 hr when compared with their respective hypoxia controls (cAMP: 3.05 +/- 0.26 pmole/10(6) cells, Ep: 19.41 +/- 1.41 mU/ml). The stimulatory effects of CHA on both Ep secretion and cyclic AMP accumulation were significantly inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) at a concentration of 5 x 10(-7). No significant change in cell growth was observed at the CHA and 8-PT concentrations used in these experiments employing a spectrophotometric method. Incubation with 8-bromo cyclic AMP (10(-4)M) in response to hypoxia also produced a significant enhancement of Ep secretion (30.74 +/- 0.50 mU/ml) when compared with hypoxia controls (22.69 +/- 0.23 mU/ml), whereas no significant increase occurred in a normoxic atmosphere. CHA inhibited specific binding of [3H]5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (100 nM) to Hep3B cell membrane preparations in a dose-dependent manner in the displacement experiments and IC50 was 7.72 x 10(-6)M. These results indicate that Ep secretion is stimulated by adenosine membrane A2 receptors which are linked to adenylyl cyclase activation.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, in prostatic cancer phase II dose-finding study].

The phase II study of flutamide, a pure anti-androgen, was performed to estimate the clinical doses on 165 hormone untreated or treated patients with prostatic cancer. The hormone-untreated patients were given orally flutamide of 90, 375, 750 or 1,125 mg/day in three divided doses daily for 12 weeks. Responses were not observed at the 90 mg/day dose except for improvement of clinical symptoms. However, an objective response rate of 48.8-46.7% was obtained at 375-1,125 mg/day doses. In hormone-treated patients including cases refractory to the previous hormonal treatment, the objective response rates were 13.3 and 8.3% in 375 and 750 mg/day flutamide groups, respectively. Side effects such as gynecomastia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abnormal laboratory findings such as the elevation of hepatic transaminases were observed. The incidence increased dose-dependently. Determinations of serum hormone levels revealed an increase in testosterone levels by the use of flutamide. In conclusion 375 mg/day of flutamide is the optimal dose in monotherapy for hormone-untreated patients with prostatic cancer, where the quality of life can be maintained compared with therapies involving testosterone suppression. This dose is also expected to show some efficacy in cases refractory to hormone treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistological analysis of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in seminoma using monoclonal antibodies.

Immunological characterization of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) by immunohistological techniques was carried out in 20 cases of stage I seminoma. Routine pathological examination of these surgical specimens showed typical seminoma in 20 cases. Eighteen cases showed obvious TIL and immunohistological staining on frozen specimens was performed in 12. TIL in seminomas were predominantly T-cells but B-cells were also identified. T-cells were distributed diffusely with predominance of the CD8+ phenotype judged semiquantitatively. In contrast to the distribution of T-cells, B-cells tended to accumulate and occasionally formed lymphoid follicles. In such follicles the phenotypic pattern of B-cell antigens was comparable with secondary lymphoid follicles in lymphoid organs. There is an immunologically complex response to seminoma by the host with a predominant infiltration of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells and functional maturation of B-cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bladder cancer cells express functional receptors for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.

The effects of human recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the growth of cultured human bladder cancer cells and G-CSF receptor on these cells were investigated. Human bladder cancer cell lines, KU-1 or NBT-2, were incubated with and without G-CSF. At 48 hours, 3H-thymidine uptake of both cells was significantly higher with G-CSF (one ng./ml., 10 ng./ml.) than that of control without G-CSF (p less than 0.05). The binding of 125I-labeled KW-2228, a muteins of G-CSF, to KU-1 and NBT-2 was inhibited by unlabeled KW-2228 in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that G-CSF stimulates the clonal growth of human bladder cancer cells by binding to its specific receptors.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1992

Enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer activity induction in vitro by interleukin-1 administered in patients with urological malignancies.

We have evaluated the synergistic effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. Subcutaneous injection of recombinant IL-1 beta at an initial dose of 1 x 10(4) U was given to nine patients (five with renal cell carcinoma, two with bladder carcinoma, one with renal pelvic tumor, one with testicular tumor) on days 1 and 2 weekly for 4 weeks. The dose was increased weekly up to 4 x 10(4) U, if it was well tolerated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients on day 3 in the 2nd and 4th weeks, and LAK activity of PBMC against Daudi cells was measured using a 4-h 51Cr-release assay at an effector:target cell ratio of 20:1, after incubation with 50 U/ml of recombinant IL-2 for 72 h. Proliferation of PBMC was measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation after incubation with IL-2 for 72 h. IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-positive cells in PBMC were enumerated using monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Mean values of LAK activity induced by IL-2 were significantly augmented after administration of IL-1 beta (p less than 0.01). IL-1 beta, however, did not enhance proliferation of PBMC caused by IL-2, nor did it increase the number of IL-2R-positive cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients. Results suggest that combination of IL-1 and IL-2 has synergistic antitumor activity in treatment of malignant diseases.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1992

Bladder tumor staging: comparison of conventional and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging and CT.

With computed tomography (CT) and unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, stage pT3b extravesical extension and beyond can be diagnosed, but tumors confined to the bladder wall (stages pT1-pT3a) are poorly delineated. To determine whether visualization of such tumors could be improved with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging, dynamic breath-hold T1-weighted MR images were obtained after intravenous infusion of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine in 79 patients (86 tumors). Conventional MR images, CT scans, and histologic correlation were available in all cases. With dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging, the mucosa could be distinguished from the muscular layers of the bladder wall. Staging accuracy with this technique was 85% (73 of 86), which was significantly better than with CT (55%; 47 of 86) (P < .005) or conventional MR imaging (58%; 50 of 86) (P < .05). The accuracy of staging the intramural extent (pT1-pT3a) of bladder tumors was thus improved with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Implantation of self-contained non-inflatable penile prosthesis in patients with organic impotence].

Between April, 1988 and August, 1990, the OmniPhase penile prosthesis, a non-inflatable self-contained penile prosthesis, was implanted in 34 patients, aged from 37 years to 79 years, averaging 54.2 years. The etiologies of the impotence were radical surgery for bladder cancer or rectal cancer in 17 patients, diabetes mellitus in 7 patients, vascular abnormality in 3 patients, spinal injury in 2 patients, penile disorders in 2 patients and others in 3 patients. Penile prosthesis was implanted by subcoronal incision under spinal or general anesthesia. Clinical results were evaluated 12 weeks after surgery. Thirty-two patients (94.1%) could have intercourse postoperatively. Eighteen patients (52.9%) were completely satisfied and 14 patients (41.2%) were satisfied, whereas one patient (2.9%) had no improvement and another patient (2.9%) deteriorated. There was no serious complication. However, prosthesis was explanted because of skin erosion in one patient. Pain, which lasted for more than 10 days, was seen in 3 patients (8.8%), penile edema in 11 patients (32.4%), and acute epididymitis in one patient. The obtained results showed that implantation of OmniPhase penile prosthesis is a safe and useful procedure for treatment of organic impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the production of endogenous cytokines in patients with renal cell carcinoma].

This study was undertaken to determine the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by biological response modifier (BRM) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which were donated from thirteen patients with RCC and five healthy controls, were cultured with streptococcal preparation, OK432, and/or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the TNF levels and IFN-gamma levels in the supernatant were evaluated. TNF activities were assayed by cytotoxicity to L929 cells and IFN-gamma activities were measured by inhibition of the cytopathic effects of sindbis virus on FL cells. The highest levels of TNF in the supernatant were 235.4 +/- 96.0 U/ml/1 x 10(4) cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma and 251.6 +/- 71.8 U/ml/1 x 10(4) cells in healthy controls, which were noted at 12 hours of incubation with the concentration of OK432 adjusted to 0.05 KE/ml. There was no statistically significant difference between the TNF activities induced by in vitro culture of PBMC obtained from patients with renal cell carcinoma and those from healthy controls. The production of TNF by in vitro culture of PBMC with OK432 of 0.05 KE/ml was augmented by adding 100 U/ml M-CSF especially at 48 and 72 hours of incubation, whereas M-CSF alone did not stimulated TNF production. The medium levels of IFN-gamma in six different cultures of PBMC with 0.05 KE/ml OK432 at 12, 24 and 48 hours of incubation were 1.15 +/- 0.34 U/ml/l x 10(4) cells, 2.23 +/- 0.93 U/ml/l x 10(4) cells, and 7.83 +/- 4.00 U/ml/l x 10(4) cells, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of early and late complications and their origins in Kock continent urinary reservoir following technical modification].

Kock and associates have made a major contribution to the ideal continent urinary diversion by developing a method for creating a continent internal reservoir for urine using the ileum. However, substantial problems have unfortunately resulted due to early and late postoperative complications. In an effort to further elucidate this problem, we herein summarize the incidence of early and late postoperative complications following a series of technical modifications made in patients who underwent Kock continent ileal reservoir construction from our ongoing experience to develop more suitable modifications of this procedure. From January 1985 through December 1991, 47 patients have undergone Kock pouch construction for continent urinary diversion. Our basic technique utilized in this study was slightly modified from that described by Skinner et al. Based on our earlier experience, several changes in the technique were made. One major change is that one row of surgical staples fixes the created nipple to the back wall of the reservoir for the efferent limb, and a further 3-cm longitudinal mucosal incision is made through the outer layer of the intussuscepted ileal nipple and the opposite wall of the reservoir which are sewn to the reservoir edge. A total of eleven patients (11/47) suffered one or more early surgical complications. A 31.8% (7/22) morbidity with an operative mortality rate of 4.3% (2/47) and a 16.0 (4/25) morbidity were observed in the early phase and late phase, respectively. Prolonged urinary leakage from the ileal reservoir and/or through a pin hole in the afferent limb made by surgical staples was observed in six patients (27.3%) in the early phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anchored cell analysis and sorting (ACAS) system].

Advanced biology and recent technology have provided sophisticated and objective method for analyzing biological characteristics on cells. Following that, many new instruments have developed. Diagnostic immunocytochemistry has become an accepted diagnostic tool in cell biology. In recent years, remarkable advances in technology provide a method for quantitative and objective analyses of cell characteristics. The newly developed computer assisted laser cytometer (ACAS 570) can be applied in clinical basis as well as in research laboratory. Fluorescent intensities of ancharage-dependent cells can be automatically analyzed and make it possible to separate a subpopulation of cells. This computer controlled system principally consists of argon ion laser, phase contrast microscope. Quantitative fluorescence measurements and computer graphic images can be obtained. The present paper demonstrates multiple applications of laser cytometer for evaluation of cell biology.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗