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Biomedical subjects

H Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to H Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Clinical pharmacology of adrenergic-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs.

The development of beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs provided an important group of agents to treat the cardiovascular disorders hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias and to manage patients with thyrotoxicosis. For clinical purposes, these drugs can be divided into two groups, that is, those with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and those without (non-ISA). The non-ISA drugs include propranolol, which is noncardiac selective: labetalol, which is noncardiac selective with alpha blockade: and and metoprolol and atenolol, which are cardiac selective. The drugs with ISA include pindolol, oxprenolol, and alprenolol which are noncardiac selective, and practolol which is cardiac selective. These drugs resemble isoprenaline in chemical structure, but their interaction with the beta-adrenoreceptors causes no response or only a slight response if the drug has ISA. By occupying the receptors, they block excitation by noradrenaline released from the sympathetic nerves and by adrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Drugs with ISA appear to depress cardiac activity and to interfere with bronchodilator drive less than do non-ISA drugs. Beta-blocking drugs differ considerably in their bioavailability because of differences in the rate and extent of metabolism in the first past through the liver after absorption from the gut. The therapeutic dose range varies widely for those with low bioavailability but is more predictable for those with high bioavailability. The drugs also differ in plasma protein binding and in their receptor affinities. In addition to their usual adverse effects, which include exacerbation of cardiac failure, bronchospasm, sleep disturbances, and Raynaud's phenomenon, concern has arisen about possible ocular and mucocutaneous side effects with beta-blocking drugs. This is a recognized problem with practolol, and it is not certain whether it occurs with other beta-blocking drugs. A double-blind study reported here of 110 matched patients, 36 of whom were on pindolol for more than 2 years, did not reveal any evidence of oculomucocutaneous problems related to drug treatment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Long-term effects of a blood pressure survey on patient treatment in a community.

The influence of a systematic survey and follow-up of blood pressure in a population sample was assessed by a subsequent survey performed an average of 40 months later. A subsample of 764 men, originally ages 35-57 years, was randomly selected for telephone follow-up, while blood pressure was remeasured in 133 (17% of the subsample). These were drawn from 6779 men who had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, the average of the second two measurements of three at the initial survey. Ninety percent of the men in the telephone survey reported they had visited their physician or medical-care source. Of these visits, 70% were for consideration of blood pressure, and in 36% this visit was directly attributed to the screen. At follow-up, 52.8% were taking antihypertensive medication and in 61% of this group the medication was started after the initial screen. Follow-up revealed DBP reduced by 8.7% in the group not treated with antihypertensive agents either before or after the initial survey, by 13.4% in the group on treatment before the survey and by 17.7% in the group started on therapy after the survey. Although lack of a suitable comparison group is a limitation, these findings in a population-based cohort strongly suggest that systematic blood pressure screening, combined with effective immediate referral, may be associated with an important effect on blood pressure control in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound assessment of fetal growth.

Consecutive ultrasonic measurements of the fetal head area, thorax area, abdomen area, head/thorax (H/T) area ratio and head/abdomen (H/A) area ratio were obtained from 100 patients with a normal pregnancy and from 186 patients with suspected intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Of all the measurements used, H/A area ratio was found to be most accurate in identifying intrauterine fetal growth retardation predicting 82.9 per cent at 33 weeks and 85.7 per cent at 36 to 38 weeks of gestation. This technique was also found to be useful in distinguishing between the two types of growth retardation. The H/A area ratio was helpful in identifying the growth acceleration pattern of a large baby.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

U.S. medical students in Nepal.

A formal course in Human Ecology in the Himalayas proved to be a powerful educational innovation partly because of its international setting. The six students in the medical part of this course experienced a profound affective impact on their career goals, a totally new orientation toward the problems of poverty in the United States, and a changed appreciation of the need for preventive measures and a community approach. The effect was far greater than that usually associated with individualized international experiences because of careful preparatory seminars, group activities which included surveys and research, and abundant opportunity for interpretive discussions as cultural and health care shock was being experienced. Clinical work was kept in perspective and provided opportunities for learning, not only about exotic diseases but also about what could be done under the simplest of conditions.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

Kinetics of indomethacin degradation II: Presence of alkali plus surfactant.

The kinetics of indomethacin were studied in the presence of the surfactants ethoxylated lanolin, polysorbate 80, and cetrimonium bromide under alkaline conditions at 30.3 degrees. The degradation followed apparent first-order kinetics. Plots of kobs versus surfactants; concentrations were curved with negative slopes for nonionic surfactants; but with the ionic surfactant, the plots showed a marked positive change in kobs as the surfactant concentration passed through the critical micelle concentration. Literature model systems adequately explained the data for nonionic surfactants but not for the ionic surfactant. A new set of equations was derived for each case using electrochemical potentials. The experimental data for all three surfactants fit the derived equations quite well.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1976

Ventilatory abnormalities in hospital admissions.

The incidence of unrecognised ventilatory impairment was investigated in a group of 531 routine hospital admissions who had been considered to be free of significant respiratory disease. Using spirometric tests of FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1/FVC percent before and after sympathomimetic bronchodilator, it was found that 42 percent of these patients had abnormal ventilatory tests, and 47 percent were considered to have obstructive lung disease. Routine use of screening respiratory function tests would be useful in the assessment and management of general medical and surgical hospital admissions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and chemical characterization of antitumor agents from plants.

This paper reviews methods which have evolved at the Research Triangle Institute during the last 15 years for the isolation and characterization of antitumor agents from plants. The isolation procedures stress mild, nonchemical methods. Solvent partition and the Craig Counter Current Distribution are used during the early stages of fractionation. Subsequent purification involves many types of chromatography: adsorption, partition, thin-layer, preparative thin layer, gel-exclusion, and medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The pure compound is crystallized from a suitable solvent. The fractionation is monitored with in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Physical methods used for structure determination are: ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.

Alkaloids↗