Graphical description of health threat defeats parent company opinion.
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Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
Biomedical subjects
H Taylor
Publications and source records attributed to H Taylor.
Automated image-based cytometry with fluorescence-stained specimens.
The combination of digitized microscopy, algorithms for object recognition and fluorescent labeling is a promising approach for reliable, quick, automated and cost-effective screening of clinical specimens. We describe two conceptually different algorithms for detecting objects in fluorescence microscopic images. One, which is partially automated, compares a mask that represents a typical object with every position in the image; the other, which is fully automated, calculates threshold intensities to segment the image into regions of objects and background. Applications of the algorithms in conjunction with a prototype image-based cytometer are demonstrated for determining the DNA ploidy distribution of cultured human endometrial cells and determining the DNA ploidy distribution and the fraction of cells expressing the E6 antigen of human papilloma virus serotypes 16 and 18 in a PAP smear. The encouraging results from this study suggest that automated image-based cytometry utilizing fluorescent stains will be a valuable asset for clinical screening.
Algorithms↗
Effects of acute aspartame and acute alcohol ingestion upon the cognitive performance of pilots.
Anecdotal evidence has associated the artificial sweetener aspartame with a number of symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. There are, however, little scientific data concerning the effect of aspartame upon complex mental operations such as those necessary for flying an aircraft. Thirteen pilots were tested in a double-blind study using the SPARTANS cognitive test battery of aviation-relevant information-processing tasks. These tasks relate to perceptual-motor abilities, spatial abilities, working memory, attentional performance, risk taking, processing flexibility, planning and sequencing ability. Subjects were tested over five sessions consisting of pretest and posttest controls and three randomly ordered treatment sessions. The treatment conditions involved an aspartame dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, a placebo condition, and an ethyl alcohol (0.1% BAL) condition as the positive control. No detectable performance decrements were associated with the aspartame condition, although decrements in psychomotor and spatial abilities were detected in the ethanol condition. Results were found to be consistent with prior flight-simulator studies of alcohol, but do not appear to support the concerns expressed in anecdotal testimony regarding the deleterious effects of aspartame upon cognitive performance.
Aerospace Medicine↗
Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) of the Qc.- ubisemiquinone radical in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
We present an electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) study of the bound Qc.- ubisemiquinone in the mitochondrial quinol cytochrome c reductase complex. An ENDOR probe specifically modified for insertion into our electron paramagnetic resonance cavity was used for this study. We observed strongly hyperfine-coupled protons whose exchangeable nature indicated they were hydrogen-bonded to the quinone oxygen(s). It is thought that such hydrogen bonds are critical in binding the ubiquinone to protein, in stabilizing its semiquinone form, and in modulating the thermodynamic properties of the bound ubiquinone in the mitochondrial quinol cytochrome c reductase complex. Additional ENDOR features were assigned to protons of the quinone ring itself and to weakly coupled protons that may be associated with nearby amino acids. From very weakly hyperfine-coupled, distant, exchangeable protons there was also ENDOR evidence to suggest proximity and accessibility of the ubiquinone site to the solvent.
Animals↗
Withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill.
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Public Opinion↗
Elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma presenting with a testicular metastasis.
Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin are associated with primary testicular tumours and usually indicate the presence of trophoblastic elements. Human chorionic gonadotrophin can also be secreted by extragonadal tumours which may metastasize to the testes. A patient is described presenting with a testicular tumour secreting human chorionic gonadotrophin which later proved to be a metastasis from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Up to 70% of malignant pancreatic tumours can secrete human chorionic gonadotrophin.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Lobar collapse due to endobronchial metastatic prostatic carcinoma: re-expansion with antiandrogen treatment.
A patient is described who presented with left upper lobe collapse due to endobronchial metastatic prostate carcinoma. Treatment with the oral antiandrogen cyproterone acetate resulted in resolution of the occluding endobronchial carcinoma and lobar re-expansion.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Public opinion, some international comparisons, and the future of the U. S. health care system.
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Attitude to Health↗
The people's will.
While Americans say they don't like the "system" itself, they give high marks to their own doctors, nurses and hospitals.
Attitude to Health↗
The special demands of marketing specialized programs.
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Adult↗
Attitudes to environment.
An opinion survey covering 16 countries, both developing and developed, revealed widespread concern about environmental deterioration. Many people felt that more should be done to reverse present trends, even if this meant forgoing some material gains.
Attitude to Health↗
A clinical study of amount of adhesive remaining on enamel after debonding, comparing etch times of 15 and 60 seconds.
This study is a follow-up of a previously reported trial that examined bond failures with either a 15- or 60-second enamel etch time. For the current study the same subjects were followed through to debonding at the end of active treatment. Two different methods of bond removal were used and an assessment of the amount of adhesive remaining was made by means of an Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). ARI was not affected by etch time, age, sex, quadrant, or length of time on test; however, there was a statistically significant association with the position of the tooth in the arch, bracket type, debonding method, and operator. There would appear to be no clinical disadvantage with an enamel etch time of 15 seconds.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Histamine and duodenal ulceration in renal transplant recipients.
Six of 25 renal transplant recipients had a duodenal ulcer at endoscopy. Histamine concentration and the activity of histamine methyltransferase, the degrading enzyme of histamine, were measured in gastric mucosal biopsies obtained at endoscopy and compared with patients with duodenal ulcer but not undergoing transplant and with patients with an apparently normal stomach and duodenum. Histamine concentrations in the corpus (no ulcer, median: 151 nmol/g; DU, median: 122 nmol/g) and in the antrum (no ulcer, median: 118 nmol/g; with DU, median: 113 nmol/g) of renal transplant patients, irrespective of ulcer diagnosis, and in patients with a chronic duodenal ulcer (median corpus histamine: 137 nmol/g and median antral histamine: 126 nmol/g) were not different from one another but significantly lower than the corresponding values in normal subjects (median corpus histamine: 241 nmol/g, p less than 0.01, and median antral histamine: 178 nmol/g, p less than 0.05). Histamine concentration in the corpus was significantly higher than in the antrum in all three groups of patients (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in histamine methyltransferase activity in any of the groups studied. Mucosal histamine and histamine methyltransferase activity were significantly correlated in the corpus (p less than 0.05) and antrum (p less than 0.02). Plasma concentration of histamine after transplant was higher in the patients who subsequently were discovered to have a duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05). The occurrence of ulcer after transplantation was not related to the serum creatinine level. The uniform depletion of gastric histamine and increase in circulatory histamine after renal transplantation may be a factor in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease in this clinical situation.
Adult↗
Views on health care: public opinion in three nations.
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Canada↗