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Biomedical subjects

H Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to H Tashiro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Nucleotide sequence surrounding the locus marker D21S246 on human chromosome 21.

Most of the human Not I linking clones identified to date are considered to be derived from CpG islands because of the recognition sequence of this enzyme, and CpG islands have been reported to be located around the 5' regions of genes. As a pilot study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence (41,924 bp) of a human cosmid clone (LL21NC02Q7A10) containing the marker D21S246 originating from a Not I linking clone. As a result of sequence analysis, we successfully mapped and revealed the genomic gene structure for KIAA0002 previously reported as a cDNA clone. This gene consists of 15 exons and was shown to exist at the D21S246 locus on human chromosome 21q21.3-q22.1. These results demonstrated that genomic marker-anchored DNA sequencing is a useful approach for the human genome project.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Buckling of a single microtubule by optical trapping forces: direct measurement of microtubule rigidity.

As major determinants of cell shape and polarity, microtubules are required to have suitable rigidity. However, our knowledge of the mechanical properties of microtubules is far from satisfactory. We report here a new method of measuring the flexural rigidity of a single microtubule by direct buckling using the optical trapping technique. Microtubule buckling was induced by applying a small longitudinal compressing force through an optically trapped microsphere that was firmly attached to the microtubule. Three ways of estimating the flexural rigidity of a continuous slender rod, one from the observed critical load of buckling and two from deflected lengths and angles of bending, yielded values which agreed well when applied to the analysis of buckling microtubules. Unexpectedly, we found that the rigidity was not constant as expected but was dependent on microtubule length. This length dependency explains the discrepancies among reported values of microtubule flexural rigidity measured by different methods. Comparing microtubules of identical lengths, microtubules assembled with brain-derived associated proteins (4 x 10(-23) Nm2 at around 10 microns in length) were four times more rigid than those assembled from purified tubulin and stabilized with taxol (1 x 10(-23) Nm2).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Auxiliary heterotopic partial liver transplantation in pigs with acute liver failure.

Fulminant hepatic failure is usually fatal without liver transplantation; however, orthotopic liver transportation is often difficult to perform due to the high risk of coagulopathy and the development of multiple organ failure. Auxiliary heterotopic partial liver transplantation (APLT), However, has the potential to provide an effective hepatic support system considering that the host liver is left in situ and the surgical procedure is less invasive. In this report, we describe the beneficial effects of performing 60% APLT on the hepatic function and survival of pigs with acute hepatic failure induced by hepatic artery ligation. The pigs were divided into a control group of nine animals (group 1) that had portal vein and hepatic artery ligation with a side-to-side portacaval shunt, and an APLT group of seven animals (group 2) that had portal vein and hepatic artery ligation with APLT. The two left lateral lobes of the donor liver were resected, reducing the liver weight to about 60%, and the graft was placed in the right subhepatic space. No deaths occurred intraoperatively. In group 1, eight pigs died of massive liver necrosis within 48 h and one died between 48 and 72 h (median survival 23 h). In group 2, two pigs died within 72 h due to preservation or anesthetic problems, but five survived for more than 3 days (median survival 13.4 days), with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). One animal was killed 30 days after APLT and excellent graft function was demonstrated by the synthesis of clotting factors, ammonia detoxification, and glucohomeostasis. Moreover, evidence of hepatic regeneration was found in the transplanted livers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Long term survival and the prognostic factors of advanced breast cancer patients treated with adreno-oophorectomy.

Longer survival data are necessary to elucidate the prognostic factors for survival in advanced breast cancer patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in 159 patients treated with adreno-oophorectomy alone as the first-line treatment for advanced or recurrent breast cancer, between 1972 and 1983. Nine clinical factors included age, menopausal status, estrogen (ER)- and progesterone receptors (PgR) in recurrent tumors, disease-free interval (DFI), number of metastatic organs, performance status, and adjuvant therapy performed. Response was evaluated according to the UICC criteria. A 31% (50/159) response with 16 CR, 34 PR, 48 NC, and 61 PD was obtained. The logistic regression model of the factors showed that ER was the single affecting factor for the response. According to the Cox proportional hazard model, ER and the dominant site of metastasis were indicated to be significant for survival. According to the landmark method, the response significantly correlated to survival. Using the backward elimination procedure of the Cox proportional hazard model in the patient group defined by the landmark time of 3 months after therapy, the survival of the patients with advanced breast cancer was shown to be primarily influenced by the tumor response which was solely affected by ER status, and the dominant site, particularly the presence of liver metastasis, independently modified the survival length. These results may be useful in future studies of total estrogen blockade trials for breast cancer.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1995

Active oxygen species in formation of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by thermal injury in rats.

Active oxygen species generated by circulating leukocytes and released from the gastric mucosa were measured in the process of acute gastric mucosal lesion formation after thermal injury in rats. Alterations of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence activities generated by leukocytes obtained from the gastric vein and the inferior vena cava were approximately same. A decrease in chemiluminescence activity 15 min after thermal injury and a significant increase in chemiluminescence activity 5 hr after thermal injury were observed in leukocytes from both veins. From 15 min to 12 hr after thermal injury, luciferin-dependent chemiluminescence activities were significantly higher than that of the control group. Oral administration of rebamipide resulted in decreased mucosal lesion formation. Rebamipide, an antiulcer agent that protects the mucosa from damage in various animal models decreased chemiluminescence activities only released from the gastric mucosa but not from circulating leukocytes. These results suggest that two different pathways of active oxygen species formation may exist in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions after thermal injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Differential suppression of axoplasmic transport: effects of light irradiation to the growth cone of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons.

1. Growth cones of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice were irradiated using a mercury lamp. 2. The flux of particles of fast retrograde axoplasmic transport decreased promptly after light irradiation without a change in velocity. 3. That of anterograde transport decreased as well, but with a significant latency. The decrease in anterograde flux was attributed to decreased velocity of particles. 4. Video-enhanced contrast microscopy of growth cones revealed transient swelling of growth cones and transient stagnation of particles in growth cones. 5. The longer the neurite, the larger the latency of the change of the anterograde transport; peripheral information was calculated to be conveyed to the cell body at a speed of 6 microns/min. 6. The mechanism of this information conveyance and the export of materials from the cell body are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Temporal variability in wall motion abnormality with stress-induced myocardial ischemia assessed by quantitative exercise echocardiography: difference between reversible and persistent myocardial ischemia.

Echocardiography was performed before and after treadmill tests in 30 patients to determine whether there is temporal variability in left ventricular wall motion abnormality with exercise-induced ischemia. The extent of wall motion was assessed by calculating systolic shortening in endocardial motion by two methods: (1) comparison between end diastole and end systole (ED-ES) and (2) frame-by-frame analysis throughout systole (integration). The extent of myocardial ischemia was assessed by stress thallium 201 emission tomography. Sensitivity of echocardiography for diagnosis of ischemia was 62% by ED-ES, but it increased to 83% by the integration method. Twenty-one percent of the ischemic area showed wall motion abnormality solely in the middle of systolic phase but not at end systole, and this occurred more at the reversible ischemic area (31%) than at the persistent ischemic area (19%). In conclusion, analysis throughout systole is important in detecting a reversible ischemic area.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Monocyte-related cytokines in acute myocardial infarction.

To elucidate the role of monocytes in the cytokine system in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we examined the time courses of plasma concentrations and generation capacities of monocyte-related cytokines in 17 consecutive patients with uncomplicated AMI (from day 1 to 28) and in 10 control subjects. The concentrations of monocyte-related cytokines were measured by enzyme immunoassay with horseradish peroxidase. Cytokine generation capacity was evaluated by cytokine concentrations in the culture solution 24 hours after incubation of 0.5 ml whole blood with 5 micrograms lipopolysaccharide. Two distinct patterns of increases in the cytokine concentrations were noted: transient (plasma interleukin [IL]-6) and sustained (plasma macrophage colony-stimulating factor and generation capacities of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). There was no significant increase in the concentrations of other cytokines. These results indicate that the concentrations of the monocyte-related cytokines dynamically change during the course of AMI, suggesting that they may contribute to the inflammatory and subsequent proliferative responses in AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Marsupialization of cystic ameloblastoma: a clinical and histopathologic study of the growth characteristics before and after marsupialization.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of marsupialization for the treatment of cystic ameloblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and histologic examination of 24 cystic ameloblastomas were performed before and after marsupialization. RESULTS: Clinically and radiographically, the effect of marsupialization was evaluated as extremely effective (five cases), effective (11 cases), and noneffective (eight cases). Marsupialization was most effective in teenaged patients. In three cases, the tumor disappeared macroscopically, and further surgery was not done. Histologically, the growth characteristics of the tumor were classified into expansive and invasive types. Cytologic pattern was classified into three types according to the outer cell layer of the tumor parenchyme: cuboidal cell, columnar cell, and basal cell. Premarsupialization, the expansive pattern with the cuboidal cell type was dominant, whereas for postmarsupialization many cases that had been expansive changed to an invasive type showing columnar or basal cell types. CONCLUSION: Marsupialization was found to be useful as a preliminary treatment of the cystic ameloblastoma. However, it must be borne in mind that following marsupialization the tumor still has a potential to infiltrate into the surrounding tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Monitoring for engraftment following rat orthotopic liver transplantation by in vitro amplification of Y-chromosome gene using polymerase chain reaction.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the rat Y-chromosome gene made it possible to distinguish a very small number of male rat cells from a large excess of female rat cells. In nonimmunosuppressed LEW recipients of ACI liver allografts, the donor cells in the bloodstream disappeared rapidly by day 3, earlier than the biochemical changes indicative of liver dysfunction. In immunosuppressed LEW recipients of ACI liver allografts, the donor cells were detected for a longer time. Moreover, in LEW recipients surviving for long period, the PCR revealed mixed-microchimerism. Our results indicated that this Y chromosomal gene-specific PCR method is useful for assessing engraftment following rat liver transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Preparation and characterization of the hydrophilic CuA-cytochrome c domain of subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase from thermophilic bacillus PS3.

Cytochrome c oxidase of the thermophilic bacterium, PS3, was treated with trypsin. The hydrophilic domain of 26 kDa can be easily cleaved off from the hydrophobic anchor domain at the N-terminal region of subunit II, but remains attached to the rest of the enzyme upon gel-filtration in the presence of 0.2% lauroyl sarcosinate. The separation occurred in the presence of 5 M urea in addition to 0.2% lauroyl sarcosinate. After relatively prolonged proteolysis, that induced severe activity decay, and subunit I fragmentation, the 26 kDa fragment of subunit II can be easily isolated from the rest, suggesting that this fragment with cytochrome c and CuA interacts with subunit I. The separated fragment showed absorption spectra due to CuA and cytochrome c. Reconstitution of the cytochrome oxidase activity occurred on addition of the 26 kDa fragment to the proper gel-filtration chromatographic fraction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Sensitivity and specificity of mass screening for gastric cancer using the measurment of serum pepsinogens.

The aim of this study was to estimate the validity of mass screening for gastric cancer using serum pepsinogens (PG test). The study subjects were 4876 workers aged from 40 to 61 years old. Sera were obtained at the time of the health checkup and serum pepsinogen levels (PG I and PG II) were measured at the same time. PG I < 50 ng/ml and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0 were adopted as the criteria for a positive result for the PG test. PG test-positive subjects were examined, in principle, by endoscopy. Furthermore, all subjects were followed up for a year to check for occurrence of gastric cancer. Among the total subjects, 911 (18.7%) were positive for the PG test and 650 (71.4%) among the positive subjects underwent further examinations, which revealed 11 cases of gastric cancer. Seven gastric cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period within one year after the PG test. When the results of one years's follow-up from the time of screening were defined as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the PG test were estimated at 66.7% and 81.5%, respectively. The authors conclude that the validity of the PG test as a mass screening method may be comparable to that of X-ray screening, if optimum criteria of a positive test are selected.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Significance of the HLA-DQB matching in one-haplotype identical kidney transplant pairs and the matching analysis by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--heteroduplex--polymorphism method.

Sixty-five living related kidney transplant pairs were analyzed for matching at HLA class II loci by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) method. The retrospective HLA matching study revealed that there were many early graft loss cases despite the DQB compatibility, contrary to our expectation. There were 54 DRB1 one-mismatched cases, in which 7 of the 11 (64%) DQB zero-mismatched cases had lost their grafts, while the graft loss cases were only 10 of the 43 (23%) DQB one-mismatched pairs (P value = 0.0006). The DQB matching of these cases was studied in detail, because the PCR-SSOP methods are based on the detection of sequence polymorphisms in a relatively narrow range, i.e., recognized sequences by SSOPs. The PCR--heteroduplex--polymorphism analysis method was developed to analyze the polymorphism in exon 2 of the DQB1 gene. However, all the pairs proved to be compatible for the DQB, demonstrating that the DQB compatibility was associated with a harmful influence on the graft outcome. These observations suggested that the DQB1 incompatibility might exert the low responsiveness to HLA haplo-identical allogeneic transplants.

Base Sequence↗