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Biomedical subjects

H Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Taniguchi.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

GABA in pancreatic islets.

A high concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a high activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), enzyme for GABA synthesis, were demonstrated in the rat pancreatic islets using a recently developed assay method combining the GABase system with the enzymatic NADP-NADPH cyclin method. Both GABA concentration and GAD activity in the pancreatic islets were comparable to those in the central nervous system (CNS). An insulinoma consisting mainly of B cells possessed a high concentration of GABA and a high activity of GAD. On the other hand, in the pancreatic islets of rats after treatment with streptozotocin, a specific attacker of B cells, GABA was negligible in amount. The occurrence of GABA in the pancreatic islets, at least B cells, apparently supports the view of Fujita that the islet cells are paraneurons. Presence of exogenous GABA does not influence the glucose- and amino acid-induced insulin release. The uptake of 3H-GABA into the pancreatic islet was small in amount as compared with that into the brain tissue such as the substantia nigra. These observations suggest that the different compartmentation of GABA in the islets from that in the CNS.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1977

Physiologic role of somatostatin. Insulin release from rat islets treated by somatostatin antiserum.

In order to clarify the physiologic role of somatostatin in insulin release, rat pancreatic islets treated by somatostatin antiserum were incubated in media containing various concentrations of glucose. Insulin release from antiserum-treated islets was significantly elevated above that from nontreated ones at 3.3 and 8.3 mM glucose, while the former was not different from the latter at 16.7 mM glucose. It is suggested that somatostatin plays an important role in the regulation of insulin release in the physiologic range of glucose concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of prolonged administration of gastrin on experimental carcinogenesis in rat stomach induced by N-methyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The effects of gastrin on gastric acid secretion and on the incidence of gastric carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine were investigated in rats. At Week 50 after the start of the experiment, it was found that prolonged administration of gastrin after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine resulted in a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and a significant reduction in the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach. The administration of gastrin did not influence the histological appearance of the few gastric adenocarcinomas that did develop.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

High concentration of GABA and high glutamate decarboxylase activity in rat pancreatic islets and human insulinoma.

The concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in rat and human pancreas were measured by sensitive assay methods. The GABA concentration in rat pancreas was 2.51 millimoles per kilogram (dry weight) and GAD activity was 2.58 mmoles per kilogram per hour. The GABA concentration and GAD activity in rat Langerhans' islets were 18.9 mmole kg-1 and 66.7 mmole kg-1 hour-1, whereas those in the exocrine acini were 1.97 mmole kg-1 and 4.67 mmole kg-1 hour-1, respectively. In an insulinoma region of human pancreas the GABA concentration was 25.5 mmole kg-1 and the GAD activity was 138.2 mmole kg-1 hour-1, but in the surrounding nontumor region these values were only 2.81 mmole kg-1 and 2.01 mmole kg-1 hour-1, respectively, similar to the values in normal rat pancreas.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1976

Argyrophil cell carcinoma (apudoma) of the esophagus. A histopathologic entity.

In a series of 79 cases of primary esophageal carcinoma resected at The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, there were six tumors with specific histopathologic features valid for the diagnosis of argyrophil cell carcinoma. Of the 6 tumors, 3 were studied electron microscopically and assay for ACTH content was performed on 4 tumors. Clinically, the ages of the 6 patients ranged from 56 to 71 years; two were women and four men. Four of the 6 patients died with widespread tumor recurrences within 9 months of operation. Microscopically, the 6 tumors were composed largely or almost entirely of small, spindle-shaped cells resembling those of oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and were characterized by the arrangement of tumor cells in solid sheets or anastomosing cords, the presence of argyrophil tumor cells, and the deposits of amyloid. Electron microscopically, the three tumors contained neurosecretory-type granules. Using bioassay or radioimmunoassay ACTH activity in the tumor tissues was detected in 3 out of the 4 tumors determined. From the light and electron microscopic characteristics and the assay evidence, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 6 tumors are endocrine polypeptide producing tumors (apudomas) that arise from argyrophil cells normally found among the basal cells of the esophageal mucosa, and that they represent a distinct histopathologic entity clearly distinguishable from other types of esophageal carcinomas.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Two-way selection of a stock of Swiss albino mice for mammary tumorigenesis: establishment of two new strains (SHN and SLN).

Two mouse strains (SHN and SLN) with high and low incidences, respectively, of mammary tumors were established from the same basal stock of Swiss albino mice that were unrelated in origin to other mouse strains with mammary tumors. In the breeders, mammary tumor incidence and average age of the mice when they developed mammary tumors were 97.2 % and 6.6 months for SHN, and 5.57% and 10.1 months for SLN, respectively...

Age Factors↗