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Biomedical subjects

H Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Taniguchi.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

Effect of androgen pretreatments at adulthood on androgen-induced proliferative response of seminal vesicles in neonatally castrated mice.

Male mice were castrated on days 0 and 60 after birth. The majority of the neonatally castrated mice were pretreated with androgen; the mice were given daily injections of testosterone propionate (TP; 4 or 8 micrograms/g body wt) for 20 or 30 days starting from day 60. Daily injections of TP (4 micrograms/g body wt) to examine androgen-induced proliferation were started from day 30 or 60 after the end of TP pretreatments or from day 60 after castration; on various days after starting TP injections, the weight and the incorporation of 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into the whole seminal vesicles were determined as indices for proliferation. The seminal vesicles of neonatally castrated adult mice were characterized by long duration of androgen-induced proliferation (greater than 20 days) with a low peak (neonatal castration type), whereas the seminal vesicles of adult castrated mice were characterized by short duration of proliferation (10 days) with a high peak (adult castration type). In neonatally castrated adult mice, the neonatal castration type of androgen-induced proliferation was changed largely to the adult castration type when pretreatment with 8 micrograms/g body wt of TP had been given for 30 days. However, this effect gradually disappeared when the mice had been pretreated with decreasing amounts of TP for a shorter period. The present findings suggest that the defect in the androgen-induced proliferative response of mouse seminal vesicles induced by the absence of neonatal and prepubertal testicular androgens can be compensated by androgens given in adulthood, if enough androgen is given for a sufficiently long time.

Animals↗

Inhibitory effect of progesterone on cell death of mouse uterine epithelium.

The protective effect of progesterone against cell death of mouse uterine epithelium was evaluated by examining the retention of 5'-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine [( 125I]IdUrd) incorporated into the whole uterus and the apoptotic index (percentage of apoptotic cells in total cells), which is a good index of physiological cell death. Castrated adult female mice were given a daily injection of oestradiol-17 beta for 3 days, and then an injection of [125I]IdUrd. They were then divided into 4 groups, which received a daily injection of vehicle only, oestradiol-17 beta (E), progesterone (P), or both oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone (EP), and were killed at intervals during these treatments for determination of 125I radioactivity retained in the whole uterus. On treatment with vehicle only, the 125I radioactivity retained in the uterus decreased rapidly, but treatment with E, P or EP reduced the loss of 125I radioactivity significantly. Progesterone did not antagonize the effect of oestradiol-17 beta on the 125I radioactivity retained in the uterus. The apoptotic index of uterine cells was examined by a similar experimental protocol, but without injection of [125I]IdUrd. In the group treated with vehicle only, the apoptotic indices of both luminal and glandular epithelia increased markedly, but the injection of E, P or EP suppressed these increases significantly. Progesterone did not antagonize the effect of oestradiol-17 beta on the apoptotic index. The apoptotic index of stroma was not affected by the injection of E, P or EP. On the other hand, progesterone completely inhibited the increase in the mitotic index of uterine epithelia induced by oestradiol-17 beta. These results show that progesterone alone or in combination with oestrogen reduced cell death in mouse uterine epithelium and that the effects of oestrogen and progesterone on uterine cell death were independent of their actions on cell division.

Animals↗

Production of anti-insulin monoclonal antibody and its clinical application.

Hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against insulin is useful for insulin assays because of its specificity and plentiful supply. The spleen cells of male BALB/c mice immunized against monocomponent porcine insulin were hybridized with mouse myeloma cells (P3-X63-Ag8-U1). The resulting anti-insulin antibody (Ab) was purified and characterized by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-porcine insulin and sandwich-method enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using Ab-conjugated beads and beta-galactosidase. For reference, we used anti-insulin polyclonal antibody raised in guinea pigs (PoAb). Using the Ouchterlony technique, we identified the antibody as being of subclass IgG 1. We judged this antibody to be MoAb because it did not react at all with porcine insulin during EIA, in concentrations between 0 and 12.5 ng/ml; in contrast, PoAb reacted dose-dependently. During RIA, this Ab did not cross-react with glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide. It did cross-react with human and bovine insulins but not with rat insulin. The proper concentration of this MoAb for RIA proved to be 1:1,500,000 and the smallest detectable level of porcine insulin by RIA using this Ab was 0.5 ng/ml. These levels were similar to those obtained with PoAb. The binding activity of this MoAb to human insulin was quite similar to that of porcine insulin. RIA insulin determinations using our MoAb correlated well with those employing PoAb.

Animals↗

Protective effect of oral cysteamine against induction of gastric cancer by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.

The effect of oral administration of cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) on the incidence and histology of gastric adenocarcinomas induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated in inbred Wistar rats. Oral administration of 0.4% cysteamine in food after treatment with MNNG for 25 weeks significantly reduced the incidence and number of adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach in experimental Week 52. Histological examination showed that adenocarcinomas that did develop in rats fed on cysteamine had high mucin-producing activity. Furthermore, oral administration of cysteamine caused a significant increase in serum gastrin level and significant decreases in the antral mucosal pH and the labeling indices of the antral mucosa. These findings indicate that cysteamine inhibits the development of gastric adenocarcinomas when given orally. This effect may be related to its ability to decrease proliferation of antral mucosal cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Promotion by ethanol of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.

The effects of ethanol (EtOH) on the incidence and histology of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were investigated in Wistar rats. The animals received alternate-day i.p. injections of 2.5 ml kg-1 body weight of 20% EtOH in 0.9% NaCl solution after 20 weeks of oral treatment with MNNG. Prolonged administration of EtOH resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and number of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach in week 52. However, it had no influence on the histological types of the gastric cancers. Furthermore, it caused a significant increase in the labelling index of the epithelial cells of the antrum in week 52. These findings indicate that EtOH promotes gastric carcinogenesis, and that this effect may be related to its effect in increasing proliferation of the antral epithelial cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Aromatase activity in cultured ovaries from fetal and neonatal golden hamsters.

The production of oestrogen from androstenedione by ovaries of hamsters on day 14 of pregnancy and on days 0 and 3 after birth was investigated by culturing these ovaries for 48 h in serum-free medium containing insulin and [3H]androstenedione. Both oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta were produced in culture of ovaries on day 14 of pregnancy. The production of oestrogen increased about 2-fold in culture of ovaries on days 0 and 3. Dibutyryladenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate stimulated the oestrogen production by ovaries on day 14 of pregnancy and on days 0 and 3. The present results indicate that the ovaries of fetal and neonatal hamsters have an aromatase activity and that these aromatase activities are responsive to adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate.

Animals↗

3(20)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of monkey liver indanol dehydrogenase.

Homogeneous indanol dehydrogenase from monkey liver catalyzed the reversible conversion of 3 alpha- or 20 alpha-hydroxy groups of several bile acids and 5 beta-pregnanes to the corresponding 3- or 20-ketosteroids. The kcat values for the steroids determined at pH 7.4 were low, but the kcat/Km values for the 3-ketosteroids were comparable to or exceeded those for 1-indanol and xenobiotic carbonyl substrates. The enzyme transferred the 4-pro-R-hydrogen atom of NADPH to the 3 beta- or 20 beta-face of the ketosteroid substrate. Competitive inhibition of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme by medroxyprogesterone acetate, hexestrol, and 1,10-phenanthroline suggests that both 1-indanol and hydroxysteroid are oxidized at the same active site on the enzyme. The specific inhibitor of the enzyme, 1,10-phenanthroline, suppressed the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the crude extract of monkey liver by 50%. The results strongly suggest that indanol dehydrogenase acts as a 3(20)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the metabolism of certain steroid hormones and bile acids.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

Promotion by nialamide of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.

The effects of nialamide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the incidence, number, and histology of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were investigated in male Wistar rats. Rats were given subcutaneously 50 mg/kg body weight of nialamide in depot form every other day after 25 weeks of oral treatment with MNNG. Prolonged alternate-day administration of nialamide caused a significant increase in the incidence and number of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach in week 52. However, it did not affect the histology of the cancers. Nialamide also caused a significant increase in tissue norepinephrine concentrations in the gastric wall and in the labeling indices of the gastric mucosae. However, nialamide had no influence on serum gastrin levels in the fasting state and after re-feeding. These findings indicate that nialamide promotes gastric carcinogenesis and that this may be related to its effects in increasing norepinephrine in the gastric wall and stimulating proliferation of gastric epithelial cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Enhancement by tetragastrin of experimental induction of gastric epithelium in the duodenum.

The effects of tetragastrin and truncal vagotomy on the incidence of gastric type epithelium in the duodenum by intraduodenal instillation of 5% NaOH solution were investigated in Wistar rats. Prolonged administration of 1 mg tetragastrin/kg body weight in depot form starting one week after NaOH treatment resulted in a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and the incidence and number of villi with gastric epithelium in the duodenum in experimental week 10. Villi with gastric epithelium were found in five (23%) of 22 rats in control group, whereas abnormal villi were found in 13 (59%) of 22 rats in the tetragastrin treated group (p less than 0.05). The average number of villi with gastric epithelium rose from 0.6 (0.4) per 100 villi in control rats to 2.4 (0.6) per 100 villi in tetragastrin treated rats (p less than 0.01). On histological examination, gastric type epithelium was most often found on stunted or flattened villi, and was always within the boundaries of the area of Brunner's glands. These mucosal changes reverted toward normal with time. In week 35, the incidence of gastric epithelium was significantly less than at week 10 (p less than 0.05). In contrast, no villi with gastric epithelium were found in vagotomised rats in week 10 (p less than 0.05). Vagotomy also caused a significant decrease in gastric acid secretion. These results show that exposure of the duodenal mucosa to high levels of gastric acid enhance the induction of gastric eithelium in the duodenum.

Animals↗

[Palatogram including lingual and occlusal surface of teeth analyzed by image processor].

(palatogram). The subjects were 30 dentulous adults (21 men, 9 women). The artificial palates made of black vinyl seat covering the palate and occlusal surfaces of maxillary teeth were coated with white alginate powder and inserted into the mouths of the subjects. After pronunciation of the test sound, the tongue contact areas on artificial palate were demonstrated by wetting of powder and changing in color from white to black. Thus photographs of the palatograms were Measurements have been made on the tongue contact area of the palate and maxillary teeth during pronunciation of /sa, fi, çi, ka, ki, ta, na, ra, ja/ (palatogram). The subjects were 30 dentulous adults (21 men, 9 women). The artificial palates made of black vinyl seat covering the palate and occlusal surfaces of maxillary teeth wer coated with white alginate powder and inserted into the mouths of the subjects. After pronunciation of the test sound, the tongue contact areas on artificial palate were demonstrated by wetting of powder and changing in color from white to black. Thus photographs of the palatograms were taken. An image processor system was employed for averaging each subject's 5 samples of same sound. The averaged outline of each subject's palatograms were converted to the standardized dental arch form and added and stored into frame memory. The 60-90% of subject's common parts were extracted from the added palatograms of same sound and illustrated in different gray levels. The results indicate that the tongue-to-teeth contact area of each sound differ from the others, however, it's range is confined within cervical half of lingual surface of incisors and lingual cusps of molars.

Adult↗

Localization of beta II subspecies of protein kinase C in beta-cells.

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been generally accepted to play a key role in stimulus-response coupling in various secretory cells, including pancreatic islets and pancreatic acini. The enzyme exists as a large family of multiple subspecies with highly related structures (alpha-, beta I-, beta II-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon-, and zeta-PKC). With an immunocytochemical procedure with subspecies-specific antibodies, beta II-PKC-like immunoreactivity was identified to localize in the beta-cells of the rat pancreatic islets. Neither beta I- nor gamma-PKC-like immunoreactivity was found in both islets and acini. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the rat whole pancreatic tissues contain a significant amount of alpha-PKC and a minute amount of beta II-PKC but neither beta I- nor gamma-PKC. On the other hand, beta II-PKC-like immunoreactivity was not detected in rat insulinoma cells, in which insulin secretion was induced in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and carbachol but not in response to glucose. These findings suggest that beta II-PKC is the major, if not the sole, subspecies of PKC in beta-cells of rat pancreatic islets and a possible candidate for involvement in glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Animals↗

[Clinical study of the drug delivery in metastatic liver cancer using bromodeoxyuridine].

As the model of an anti-cancer agent acting at DNA synthesizing phase, BrdU was infused for metastatic liver cancers into the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery. After administration, the liver tumors were resected, and immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. Two of 6 portal group tumors were stained. All 4 arterial and 3 arterio-portal group tumors were stained. Therefore, it was proved that metastatic liver tumors had both arterial and portal blood supply. But areas to which BrdU was delivered were only peripheral, and the inmost area was 2 mm from the tumor surface. After the intra-arterial infusion of BrdU suspended in lipiodol, the delivery of BrdU was highly enhanced and 4 of 6 tumors were stained even to the deepest areas. However, one tumor of which the major part was necrotic and one tumor which produced mutin were not stained at all. It was interesting that after intra-arterial administration of BrdU suspended in lipiodol, BrdU was also found in the cytoplasm of normal liver cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

[Rationalization of lymph node dissection for gastric cancer using small sized activated carbon particles adsorbing absolute ethanol].

CH40 is five percent saline solution of the activated carbon particles with 20nm in diameter. It can absorb a large amount of ethanol. CH40 reach to the regional lymph nodes immediately after local injection, visualize the regional lymph nodes black in color and release ethanol in the metastatic lymph nodes. As the direction of lymph nodes staining was coincident with direction of metastasis, rationalization of lymph nodes dissection could be performed as follows: 1) When lymph nodes metastasis are found along the lesser curvature, dissection of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament should be carried out. 2) When lymph nodes metastasis are found in the infrapyloric region, dissection of lymph nodes along the splenic artery, in the hepatoduodenal ligament, at the posterior aspect of the pancreas, and at the root of the mesenterium should be carried out. 3) When lymph nodes metastasis are found along the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery, or the splenic artery, dissection of para-aortic lymph nodes should be carried out.

Adsorption↗

[Increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with developing adult respiratory distress syndrome].

A 16-year-old, 28-week pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital with multiple bone fractures caused by a traffic accident. She had massive blood transfusion because of anemia in her laboratory findings and ritodrine hydrochloride was administered because of the fear of threatened abortion. She developed a cough with bloody sputum on the 4th day after admission, and developed pulmonary insufficiency with PaO2 41.0 torr and presented bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenograms on the next day. Swan-Ganz catheterization revealed normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and analysis of the lavage fluid from the patient showed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils (40.0%) and the existence of leukotriene B4 which is known to be the most potent chemokinetic and chemotactic agent for neutrophils. Her condition was considered to be permeability edema developing adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and 1 g/day of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously for 3 days, which brought about remarkable improvement of her respiratory failure. This report suggests that analysis of the lavage fluid may provide useful information for the early diagnosis of ARDS and the indications of corticosteroid treatment.

Adolescent↗

[A case of giant leiomyosarcoma that grew exogastrically in a year and four months].

Presented is a 69-year-old female who had gigantic leiomyosarcoma showing a pedunculated and exogastric growth. Though the patient had been diagnosed as having a gastric submucosal tumor (SMT) on being given an upper GI series and an endoscopical examination, she did not enter hospital until a year and 4 months later. On admission, a large SMT was suspected after an upper GI series and an endoscopic examination. Computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and angiography revealed a gastric SMT that had grown exogastrically. Subsequently, this tumor was resected with the gastric wall. Histologically, tumor was determined as being a leiomyosarcoma. CT and US were found useful in demonstrating the SMT with its exogastric growth.

Aged↗