Studies on antinephritic effect of TJ-8014, a new Japanese herbal medicine, and its mechanisms.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Taniguchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Taniguchi.
[A case of bilateral Bochdalek hernia in an adult].
A 71-year-old male was found to have bilateral posteromedial masses on routine roentgenogram during admission for treatment of traffic accident related injuries. These masses were initially considered to be posterior mediastinal tumors, however, CT scan demonstrated a left diaphragmatic defect and the adipose nature of the bilateral masses (CT number: left -29, right -132). MRI also demonstrated a large amount of fat accumulation in the abdomen. CT scan and MRI are therefore very useful for the diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia in adults.
Aged↗
[Clinical study of drug accumulation in gastric cancer after preoperative intra-arterial EAP II injection therapy].
Preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy using etoposide, epirubicin and carboplatin (EAP II) was done for patients with resectable advanced gastric cancer. Twenty-six patients (14 males and 12 females) were treated. The concentrations of adriamycin (ADM) and platinum (Pt) were measured in cancer tissue, normal mucosa and regional lymph-nodes which were obtained operatively and in sera just before operation. But the concentration of etoposide was not measured, because when we used preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy using etoposide, epirubicin and cisplatin (EAP I), the mean concentration of etoposide was less than the detectable limit in all tissues and in sera. There were no significant differences among the mean concentrations of ADM in all tissues and in sera. And the mean concentration of ADM in cancer tissue was not higher than that of intra-arterial EAP I injection therapy. The mean concentration of platinum in sera was significantly lower than in cancer tissues, normal mucosa and lymph-nodes. And the mean concentrations of platinum in cancer tissues and lymph-nodes were higher than those of intra-arterial CDDP or EAP I injection therapy. It was concluded that preoperative intra-arterial EAP II injection therapy may be an effective method to improve the usefulness of preoperative intra-arterial injection therapy for gastric cancer.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[Superior mesenteric arterial infusion chemotherapy against intestinal obstruction caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis].
For 4 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who had severe abdominal pain and vomiting, intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, via the superior mesenteric artery was performed. After the treatment, all patients were free of their symptoms and began to eat again. Severe complications such as superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis did not occur. It is concluded that our treatment is clinically useful because the quality of life of these patients at the end stage was improved.
Adult↗
[Two cases of L-tryptophan ingestion induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome].
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a new connective tissue disease was reported and named in 1989 from New Mexico, U.S.A. L-tryptophan has been suspected as the causative agent of EMS. This L-tryptophan was made in Japan, but no definite case of EMS has been reported in Japan. We report 2 patients with EMS. A 72-year-old woman and a 74-year-old woman, who had been treated with oral L-tryptophan 1 g/day for 4 and 5 months by the same doctor simultaneously. The clinical courses of the two cases were similar. A diffuse erythema and swelling appeared on the arms and spread over the whole body. The skin lesions turned into lustrous sclerosis. Eosinophilia was remarkable in the early stage. ANA, DNA anti-body and ENA antibodies were all negative. Neurological examination revealed a mild peripheral neuropathy. No sclerodactylia and no Raynaud's phenomenon in our cases are characteristic findings in EMS. The simultaneous onset of two cases using the same drug at the same time implicates the close relation of L-tryptophan ingestion to EMS.
Aged↗
[Tumor necrosis factor in sputa of patients with bronchial asthma on exacerbation].
TNF is a cytokine recently implicated as an important inflammatory mediator. TNF concentrations in sputa from 13 patients with bronchial asthma on exacerbation and 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured. After sonication, the sputa were centrifuged. The supernatants were assayed for the presence of TNF by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TNF was detected in all patients with bronchial asthma (1783 +/- 420 pg/ml), while low values of TNF were detected in only 5 of the 12 COPD patients. It is suggested that TNF is involved in airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.
Acute Disease↗
[Analysis of flow cytometric nuclear DNA content of the thymoma and its relationship to malignant intensity].
Determination was made of the nuclear DNA content of paraffin-embedded specimens of resected thymoma using flow cytometry in 39 patients. Relationships among nuclear DNA content, clinicopathological findings and prognosis were studied. The frequency of DNA aneuploid tumors was 30.8%, 6.7% in stage I (15 patients), 28.6% in stage II (7 patients), 44% in stage III (9 patients) and 62.5% in stage IV (8 patients) according to Masaoka's classification, indicating more in increase with advancing stage and significant (p less than 0.05) more increase invasive thymoma than in noninvasive thymoma. The 5 year and 10 year survival rates of DNA diploid tumors were each 94%, while DNA aneuploid tumors, 75% and 45%. Patients with DNA aneuploid tumors showed less favorable prognosis than those with DNA diploid tumors. Similar results were found in patients with invasive thymoma and in those on whom subtotal or partial resection were performed. The present results indicate DNA aneuploid tumors to have greater malignant intensity than DNA diploid tumors in resected thymoma. Flow cytometric nuclear DNA content analysis provides useful biological data and new indices for evaluating the malignancy of resected thymoma.
Adult↗
[Establishment of a host-vector system in Mycobacterium bovis BCG].
The recombinant plasmids, pYT72 and pYT92, were generated from a mycobacterial plasmid, pMSC262, and a Escherichia coli plasmid, pACYC177. These plasmids were capable of replication, and of stable maintainance in Mycobacterium bovis BCG when introduced by electroporation technique. Efficiency of transformation was about 10(4) transformants/micrograms DNA, and was the highest in the phage sensitive mutants (S-10, S-20) isolated from BCG Tokyo strain. We have also isolated transformable mutants from rapidly growing bacterium, M. smegmatis strains Jucho and TMC1533. By isolating deletion mutants from pYT72/92, we could determine the location of replication region of pMSC262 within a 2.3 kb Pst I-Hind III fragment. Using this fragment, we constructed "mini" shuttle plasmid pYT937 (5.9 kb in size) which possesses kanamycin and ampicillin resistance markers and replicates in both E. coli and Mycobacterium. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the replication region revealed that there are 2 potential coding regions which contain more than 200 amino acids. The largest one (ORF1) which codes 311 amino acids, however, lacks Shine-Dalgarno like sequence in the upstream and therefore may not be functional. The other coding region (ORF2) contains 260 amino acids and was preceded by Shine-Dalgarno like sequence. Upstream of the ORF2, there were several repeat sequences which may be important in the plasmid replication. GC content of the 2.3 kb fragment was 69.8%.
DNA, Recombinant↗
Regulation of cytochrome P-450 CYPIA1 gene expression and proto-oncogene expression by growth factors in primary hepatocytes.
The effect of growth factors on the cytochrome P-450 (CYPIA1) gene expression was studied in primary mouse hepatocytes. Of the three growth factors used, i.e. epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and insulin, only EGF or TGF alpha completely blocked CYPIA1 expression in the presence of the CYPIA1 inducer 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). This repression was not linked to cell cycle progression of the hepatocyte because insulin was active to induce 'early immediate genes' and DNA replication as well as EGF/TGF alpha but failed to suppress CYPIA1 expression. A specific EGF/TGF alpha receptor-mediated function may repress CYPIA1 gene expression and contribute to the acquisition of a xenobiotic drug resistance phenotype.
Animals↗
Attenuating effect of bromocriptine on cysteamine anticarcinogenesis of stomach cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
The effect of bromocriptine on inhibition by cysteamine of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was investigated in inbred Wistar rats. After 25 weeks of p.o. treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, rats were given injections every other day: cysteamine (50 mg/kg body weight); cysteamine (50 mg/kg body weight) plus bromocriptine (0.5 or 0.25 mg/kg body weight); or bromocriptine (0.5 or 0.25 mg/kg body weight). In week 52, the group treated with cysteamine showed a significantly decreased incidence of gastric cancers. Concomitant treatment with bromocriptine at 0.5 but not at 0.25 mg/kg body weight significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of cysteamine on gastric carcinogenesis. Administration of bromocriptine alone at either dosage had no influence on gastric carcinogenesis. The labeling index of the antral mucosa was significantly reduced in rats treated with cysteamine and significantly higher in those treated concomitantly with bromocriptine at 0.5 mg/kg body weight than in those treated with cysteamine alone. These findings indicate that cysteamine suppressed gastric carcinogenesis and that bromocriptine at high dosage attenuated this inhibition. These findings also suggest that dopamine is involved in the mechanism of inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis by cysteamine.
Animals↗
Natural regulatory mechanisms of insulin degradation by insulin degrading enzyme.
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) accounts for most of the insulin degrading activity in extracts of several tissues and plays an important role in the intracellular degradation of insulin. Using newly developed sandwich radioimmunoassay for rat IDE, this enzyme was detectable in all tissues we examined and liver had the highest level of IDE. The ratio of insulin degrading activity to IDE concentration was roughly the same in liver, brain and muscle, however, twice as high in kidney as compared with other tissues. On the contrary, its degrading activity in these tissue extracts, including kidney, was completely lost after immunoprecipitation of IDE. These results suggest that IDE degrades insulin in the initial step of cleavage and that there are some mechanisms to regulate insulin degrading activity by IDE in the tissues.
Animals↗
Inhibition by gamma-amino-n-butyric acid and baclofen of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.
The effect of gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (5-aminomethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole), and the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen [4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid] on the incidence and number of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was investigated in Wistar rats. Rats received alternate-day i.p. injections of 500 or 1000 mg/kg of body weight GABA, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg of body weight muscimol, or 4 or 8 mg/kg of body weight baclofen after 25 wk of p.o. treatment with the carcinogen. Prolonged administration of GABA at 1000 mg/kg of body weight, but not at 500 mg/kg of body weight, and of baclofen at 4 and 8 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased the incidence and number of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach in Wk 52, but long-term muscimol administration had no influence. Histologically, GABA at the high dosage and baclofen at both dosages significantly decreased the labeling index of the antral mucosa and significantly increased the serum gastrin level. Furthermore, baclofen at both dosages significantly decreased antral pH and significantly increased gastric acid secretion. These findings indicate that GABA inhibits gastric carcinogenesis via the GABAB receptor and that this effect may be related to its effect in decreasing the proliferation of antral mucosa.
Animals↗
Inhibitory effect of androgen on cell death of mouse uterine epithelium.
The protective effect of androgen against the cell death of mouse uterine epithelium was evaluated by examining the retention of 5'-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]IdUrd) incorporated into the whole uterus and the apoptotic index (percentage of the apoptotic cells to the total cells) which is a good index of physiological cell death. Castrated adult female mice were daily injected with oestradiol-17 beta for 3 days, followed by the injection of [125I]IdUrd. Thereafter, these mice were daily injected with only the vehicle or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and the 125I-radioactivity retained in the whole uterus was determined. When only the vehicle was injected, the 125I-radioactivity retained in the whole uterus rapidly decreased but injections of DHT reduced the loss of 125I-radioactivity. The effect of DHT on the retention of 125I-radioactivity depended on doses of DHT and was abolished by the pure antiandrogen, flutamide. The apoptotic index of uterine cells was examined by a similar experimental protocol, but without an injection of [125I]IdUrd. Injections of only the vehicle caused marked increases in the apoptotic indices of both luminal and glandular epithelia, but injections of DHT decreased them significantly. The apoptotic index of stroma was not affected by the injection of DHT. The present results indicated that androgen reduces the cell death of mouse uterine epithelium through the androgen receptor.
Animals↗
Enhancement of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The incidence, number, location, and histological types of colon tumors induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and the tissue norepinephrine concentration of the colon wall were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and in control normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. All rats received 10 weekly s.c. injections of AOM. At week 30, the incidence of colon tumors were significantly higher in SH than in WKY rats. Colon tumors were chiefly located in the proximal colon in WKY but were found with significant frequency in the distal colon in SH rats. The colon tumors induced were mainly adenocarcinomas, but no significant difference in histological type of adenocarcinoma was found between the 2 strains of rat. At weeks 8 and 30, the norepinephrine concentration and labelling index of the distal colon, but not of the proximal colon, were significantly higher in SH than in WKY rats. These findings indicate that increased sympathetic nervous system activity enhances the development of colon tumors.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Cloning and expression of raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus circulans F-2 in Escherichia coli.
The raw potato-starch-digesting alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus circulans F-2 was cloned for the first time in Escherichia coli C600, using plasmid pYEJ001. The recombinant plasmid, named pYKA3, has a 5.4 kb insert from a chromosome of the donor bacterium. Subcloning of this amylase gene gave plasmid pHA300 which carried 3.15 kb of the inserted DNA. The transformed bacterium, E. coli C600 (pYKA3), produced the amylase in the periplasmic space, whereas it is secreted outside the cell in the donor bacterium. The cloned raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase has a molecular weight of 93,000 on SDS-PAGE, and its action pattern was absolutely the same as that of the potent raw-starch-digestible amylase produced by B. circulans F-2. The periplasmic amylase produced by the transformed E. coli (pHA300) could digest raw starch granules such as potato, corn and barley raw starch granules, indicating that the raw-starch-digesting amylase is active in E. coli. Furthermore, this amylase crossreacted with the rabbit antiserum raised against the raw potato-digesting alpha-amylase of B. circulans F-2. From these results it was concluded that the cloned amylase is the same amylase protein as B. circulans F-2 amylase, which has a potent raw-starch digestibility. Thus, this paper is to our knowledge the first describing the molecular cloning of raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase from Bacillus species and its successful expression in E. coli.
Bacillus↗
Effect of calcium channel blockers on gastric carcinogenesis and caerulein enhancement of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.
The effects of the organic calcium channel blocker verapamil and the inorganic calcium channel blocker MgCl2 on gastric carcinogenesis, on caerulein enhancement of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and on the labeling index of gastric mucosa were investigated in inbred Wistar rats. After 25 weeks of treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (50 micrograms/ml p.o.), rats received one of the following alternate-day injections: caerulein (2 micrograms/kg body weight, s.c.), MgCl2 (150 mg/kg, s.c.), verapamil (20 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), caerulein (2 micrograms/kg body weight, s.c.) plus MgCl2 (150 mg/kg body weight, s.c.), or caerulein (2 micrograms/kg body weight, s.c.) plus verapamil (20 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). At Week 52, prolonged administration of caerulein had significantly increased the incidence and number of adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomach and the incidence of gastric cancers that penetrated through or beyond the muscle layer. Concomitant administration of MgCl2 significantly attenuated the enhancing effect of caerulein on gastric carcinogenesis. Combined administration of caerulein and verapamil did not affect the incidence and number of gastric cancers but significantly reduced the incidence of cancers penetrating through or beyond the muscle layer. Administration of MgCl2 or verapamil alone had no influence on gastric carcinogenesis. Rats treated with caerulein had a significantly elevated labeling index of the antral mucosa which was significantly decreased by concomitant administration of MgCl2 and/or of verapamil, as compared with the labeling index observed after treatment with caerulein alone. Either MgCl2 or verapamil alone had no influence on the labeling index of the antral mucosa. These findings indicate that caerulein enhances gastric carcinogenesis and that MgCl2 and verapamil attenuate this enhancement. These findings also indicate that calcium may play an important role in caerulein enhancement of gastric carcinogenesis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor on tetragastrin treatment of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.
The effects of combined administration of tetragastrin and the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) on the incidence and number of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and the BUdR labelling indices of the fundic and antral mucosae, were investigated in inbred Wistar rats. Rats were given drinking water containing 2.5 g/l of DAP ad libitum and received alternate-day injections of 1 mg/kg body weight of tetragastrin in depot form after 25 weeks of oral treatment with MNNG. At week 52, prolonged administration of tetragastrin alone resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence and number of gastric cancers and a significant increase or decrease in the labelling indices of the fundic and antral mucosae, respectively. Concomitant administration of tetragastrin and DAP had no effect on the inhibition by tetragastrin of gastric carcinogenesis. With this treatment, the labelling index was significantly reduced in the fundic mucosa but not in the antral mucosa. These results suggest that ODC inhibitor does not attenuate tetragastrin inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis, and that anti-trophic action of tetragastrin on antral mucosa may be related to tetragastrin inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis.
Animals↗
Anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody attenuates low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.
Recent evidence indicates that activated T cells and macrophages play an important role in the induction of insulitis and diabetes in certain strains of mice treated with multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. In the present study, we treated C57BL/6J mice with five daily doses of 40 mg/ml streptozotocin and examined the prophylactic effect of an anti-interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibody (PC61). In mice treated with streptozotocin, interleukin 2 receptor-positive mononuclear cells were shown to infiltrate into the islets and soluble interleukin 2 receptors in the sera were significantly increased compared with control mice. The administration of PC61 to the mice attenuated the insulitis, and diminished interleukin 2 receptor-positive cells from islets and soluble interleukin 2 receptors in the sera. Moreover, the administration of PC61 significantly reduced the development of hyperglycaemia shown in these mice (12.8 +/- 1.1 mmol/l vs 18.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, p less than 0.005). As judged by flow cytometric analysis, this antibody did not cause any changes in either spleen cell counts or T cell subsets. Interleukin 2 receptors were expressed on a minor population of spleen cells regardless of treatment with PC61 (STZ + normal rat IgG: 2.1 +/- 0.3%, STZ + PC61: 2.4 +/- 0.3%). Even after stimulation of spleen cells with concanavalin A or alloantigen, interleukin 2 receptor expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Our studies suggest that interleukin 2 receptor-positive activated T cells or macrophages are important in the development of multi-low-dose streptozotocin diabetes and that an anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody can attenuate this process.
Animals↗