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Biomedical subjects

H Tamai

Publications and source records attributed to H Tamai.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Changes in beta-carotene levels by long-term administration of natural beta-carotene derived from Dunaliella bardawil in humans.

Long-term administration of a beta-carotene preparation derived from Dunaliella bardawil, a beta-carotene-rich algae, was studied in healthy young male volunteers. The daily administration of 60 mg of the beta-carotene preparation (30 mg of all-trans beta-carotene and 30 mg of 9-cis beta-carotene) was performed and beta-carotene concentrations were determined in the plasma, red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT), and mononuclear cells (MN). The all-trans beta-carotene level increased four-, two-, and threefold the baseline in plasma, PLT, and MN, respectively. Basal levels of 9-cis beta-carotene in plasma, PLT, and MN were low and found as one-tenth, one-fifth, and one-fifth of all-trans beta-carotene, which increased three-, two-, and 1.5-fold the baseline, respectively. Plasma and RBC alpha-tocopherol levels were not changed by the intake of beta-carotene. No side effects or toxicities were documented in any of the subjects during the administration period. In conclusion, the bioavailability of beta-carotene derived from Dunaliella bardawil was preferential for all-trans beta-carotene, although a small amount of the 9-cis form was detected in the plasma and blood cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of inorganic fluoride, inhalation time and dosage of sevoflurane on renal function during sevoflurane anesthesia of long duration].

In sevoflurane anesthesia of long duration, we studied correlations with renal function of the area under the curve (AUC), rate of decrease and maximum level of serum inorganic fluoride (F), sevoflurane dosage, and duration of administration. In 15 neurosurgical patients, we measured serum and urine levels of F, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, serum and urine beta 2-microglobulin (BMG), and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). AUC and the rate of decrease of serum F were calculated. There were no correlations among the maximum level, AUC, the rate of decrease of serum F, sevoflurane dosage, duration of administration, BUN, creatinine, BMG, and NAG. It is concluded that in sevoflurane anesthesia of long duration, F, sevoflurane dosage and duration of administration do not affect renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Anesthetic management of a patient with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency].

A 73 year old woman with ACTH deficiency was admitted to our hospital for gastrectomy. She had taken corticosteroid for 3 years. The day before surgery, she took 25 mg of hydrocortisone per os. Hydrocortisone 100 mg was administered intravenously 30 minutes before surgery, during and after surgery, and on the next day after surgery. Serum concentrations of ACTH and cortisol were measured 1 hour after the first administration of hydrocortisone 100 mg, 2 hours after the second and 15 hours after the third administration. The ACTH concentration was always lower than the lowest limit of detection. Cortisol concentrations were 140.0, 180.0 and 14.5 micrograms.dl-1 at each measurement. Serum concentration of aldosterone after the induction of anesthesia was lower than the normal range. Her hemodynamics were very stable and electrolytes balance was not disturbed with corticosteroid treatment during and after surgery.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1994

Plasma alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol levels in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults.

We investigated the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and beta-carotene in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults, together with assessment of the influence of plasma lipids for beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, and the effect of retinol binding protein (RBP) on retinol levels. Although plasma alpha-tocopherol levels in elderly females were significantly higher than in elderly males, there was no significant difference in the ratio of plasma alpha-tocopherol to total lipids between males and females or between the young adults and the elderly subjects. However, the plasma beta-carotene level in elderly females did not differ from those in elderly males after correction for the difference in plasma lipids levels, while a significant higher level was observed in the young females even after this correction. Thus, plasma beta-carotene levels appear to depend not only on plasma lipids, but also on other factors, while the plasma alpha-tocopherol level depends entirely on plasma lipids. A higher plasma retinol level was observed in young males than in young females, with the level in young females not differing from that in elderly subjects of both sexes. This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Anesthesia for a pregnant patient with ruptured cerebral arterio-venous malformation].

A 29 year old woman suffered sudden hemiplegia, vomiting and headache during the 28th week of her first pregnancy. She was diagnosed as the intracranial hemorrhage due to the ruptured arteriovenous malformation, and emergency operation was performed. Anesthesia was induced with crush induction using thiamylal, fentanyl, pancuronium and suxamethonium, and maintained with fentanyl, isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. During and after surgery, fetal heart rate and uterine contraction were monitored continuously. Intense hypotension was not chosen because it may place a fetus at risk of intrauterine asphyxia. Ventilation was controlled to maintain PaCO2 between 30 and 35 mmHg. During surgery, D-mannitol 60 g was infused slowly to prevent fetal dehydration, and after surgery no osmotic diuretics were used. Ritodrine hydrochloride, which prevented premature delivery, was continuously infused after surgery. Her neurological symptom was improved and her baby was delivered vaginally at 41st gestational week.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[DNA typing of HLA antigen in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease using the PCR-SSOP method].

The purpose of this study was to investigate HLA-linked genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In 76 Graves' disease patients and 317 healthy Japanese controls, HLA-A, -B, -C, DR and DQ specificities were determined by serologic typing and HLA-DPB1 alleles were typed by DNA typing using the PCR-SSOP method. The frequencies of HLA-A2, B46 and DPB1*0501 were increased in Graves' patients. The highest odds ratio (10.5) was observed in individuals possessing both DPB1*0501 and HLA-A2. This observation suggests a synergic involvement of HLA class II allele (DPB1*0501) and an HLA class I allele (HLA-A2) in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Genotypes of DQA1 and DQB1 genes were determined by the PCR-SSOP method in 105 patients with goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis to investigate whether specific DQ alleles were associated with susceptibility or resistance to autoimmune thyroid disease. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found to be negatively associated with DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602. No strong positive association with a specific DQ allele was found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These results suggest that the HLA-DQ gene may be a genetic marker for resistance to Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Vigintiphobia, unbound bilirubin, and auditory brainstem responses.

OBJECTIVE: The management of nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns is controversial. To evaluate the usefulness of serum unbound bilirubin concentrations (UBCs) in the management of hyperbilirubinemia, we compared the concentrations with abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). METHODS: ABRs and serum UBCs in 37 hyperbilirubinemic term newborns (total bilirubin concentrations [TBCs] > or = 20 mg/dL and direct bilirubin concentrations < 2 mg/dL) were measured before treatment with either phototherapy or exchange transfusions. Eight of these newborns had blood incompatibilities. These hyperbilirubinemic newborns were divided into three groups according to the findings of ABR: group A, normal ABR (n = 18); group B, prolonged latency of wave I only (n = 8); and group C, prolonged interpeak latency of wave I-III/I-V and/or poor amplitude (n = 11). RESULTS: The peak TBC was significantly different between groups A and C (22.8 +/- 2.2 mg/dL and 25.4 +/- 2.5 mg/dL, respectively; P < .05), though there were no differences between groups A and B and between groups B and C. The peak UBCs in groups B (1.27 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dL) and C (1.34 +/- 0.37 micrograms/dL) were significantly higher than in group A (0.78 +/- 0.26 microgram/dL) (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), though there was no significant difference in the peak UBC between groups B and C. Abnormal ABR findings were more clearly associated with the level of UBC at 1.0 microgram/dL than that of TBC at 23 mg/dL by multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 16.6, P = .0026, vs 4.2, P = .1272). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that measuring UBC may help in evaluating the possible risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in full-term newborns when there is vigintiphobia (fear of 20).

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1993

Vascular responses to angiotensin II in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients have a tendency to develop renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) abnormalities caused by abnormal behaviors expressed over long periods of time. Short-term dietary sodium intake is a known modulator of blood pressure response to infused angiotensin II (A II) in normal subjects. Therefore AN patients and normal gender-matched and age-matched controls were studied for vascular responses to exogenous A II. Untreated AN patients needed significantly greater quantities of exogenous A II to raise diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to over 20 mmHg for 30 min compared with controls (12.1 +/- 0.47 versus 7.6 +/- 0.69 ng/kg/min, p < 0.01). The amount of A II required to raise DBP to over 20 mmHg in AN patients in tests before and after completion of treatment (4.2 +/- 0.33 months later) was significantly different (12.1 +/- 0.47 versus 8.1 +/- 0.25 ng/kg/min, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between AN patients following treatment and controls. Our results indicate that it requires long time before decreased A II responsiveness caused by chronic sodium depletion normalizes in AN patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Carbohydrate oxidation rates in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Twenty-one hospitalized anorexia nervosa (AN) patients underwent a 50-g glucose challenge. All patients were then fed for 10 days and divided into two groups based on weight gain. Group AN-a (n = 10) gained little or no body weight over the 10-day period, whereas the second group, AN-b (n = 11), did gain weight during the same period. A third group of normal women (n = 10) served as control subjects (NC). Following ingestion of 50 g of glucose, group AN-a showed virtually the same nonprotein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) response as group NC. Group AN-b showed significant increases in basal and glucose-stimulated NPRQ and carbohydrate oxidation rate responses compared with group NC. Serum insulin responses in both AN groups were lower than those of group NC. These results indicate that insulin sensitivity in both liver and muscle may be increased in AN patients, and that refeeding tends to increase body weight rapidly in some patients due to this mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Changes in plasma cholecystokinin concentrations after oral glucose tolerance test in anorexia nervosa before and after therapy.

There is considerable evidence that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) induces satiety and reduces food intake in both animals and humans. Impaired CCK secretion was recently reported in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) in whom plasma CCK responses to a standardized mixed-liquid meal were significantly lower than in controls. The present study was undertaken to determine whether CCK levels were abnormal in another relatively common eating disorder, anorexia nervosa (AN), before and after therapy and to investigate the relationship to the abnormal eating behavior. Plasma CCK, serum glucose, and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses to a 50-g oral glucose load were measured in 13 women with AN and in nine normal sex- and age-matched controls. The AN patients were all hospitalized during treatment; following partial restoration of body weight, the tests were repeated. Initial body weights were 70.8% +/- 1.8% (mean +/- SEM) of ideal body weight (IBW), and following partial restoration were 84.3% +/- 1.4%. Body weights in normal controls were 96.3% +/- 2.1% of IBW. Initial basal CCK concentrations in the AN patients before nutritional and cognitive behavioral therapy were significantly greater than those in controls (P < .01). After partial restoration of body weight, basal CCK concentration in AN patients approached that of control subjects. When AN patients were given a glucose load before therapy, the change in CCK response was diminished when compared with that of controls. However, CCK responses to the glucose load in AN patients following therapy were similar to those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Long-term follow-up study of 268 diabetic patients undergoing haemodialysis, with special attention to visual acuity and heterogeneity.

We studied the long-term outcome of 268 patients suffering from diabetic end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD) treated with long-term haemodialysis between 1978 and 1991, with special emphasis on visual acuity as well as the heterogeneity of DM-ESRD. The 50% patient survival on haemodialysis was 60 months. Visual disturbances were found in 73.1% (392/536) of eyes at the start of haemodialysis. Chronological assessment of visual acuity demonstrated the stabilization of visual acuity and 87.1% (364/418) of eyes were stable, 4.8% (20/418) were improved, and 8.1% (34/418) were aggravated in the long term respectively. The change of visual acuity was frequently seen in the short term, and rapid shifts of body fluid to correct overhydration induced abrupt changes of glycaemic control as well as retraction of macular oedema. Hence it might be one of the factors affecting rapid change of visual acuity in the short term. Meanwhile, long-term deterioration of visual acuity resulted from either hypertension unresponsive to medical treatment or poor glycaemic control. Some DM-ESRD patients had only background retinopathy at the start of haemodialysis and these were likely to have the nephrosclerotic glomerular lesion. They were old, not nephrotic and had a mild degree of diabetes during the predialysis stage. Thus, DM-ESRD patients seem to have some heterogeneity in their clinical characteristics, and old DM-ESRD patients with only background retinopathy have the appearance of diabetic macroangiopathy rather than microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A long-term follow-up study of patients with non-toxic diffuse goitre in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: Although non-toxic diffuse goitre is a common disorder, little is known of the clinical course of patients. We therefore decided to investigate the long-term clinical outcome of patients with non-toxic diffuse goitre. DESIGN: A retrospective study. PATIENTS: Of 850 patients with non-toxic diffuse goitre who met our criteria and were seen in our thyroid clinic between 1977 and 1985, 108 who had been followed for from 5 to 14 years (mean 8 years) were entered in this study. All patients fulfilled our criteria having soft diffuse goitres, normal serum TSH and T4 concentrations, and undetectable antithyroglobulin and antithyroid microsomal antibodies. MEASUREMENTS: A family history of thyroid disease was obtained and the occurrence of Graves' ophthalmopathy was noted. Serum TSH and T4 concentrations, and antithyroglobulin and antithyroid microsomal antibodies were measured during the follow-up period. Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), serum free T4 and free T3 concentrations, and TSH binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) activities were determined in all patients who were subsequently found to have abnormal serum TSH or T4 concentrations or signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the 108 patients (33%) had a family history of autoimmune thyroid disease. Elevated serum T4 or free T4 concentrations and depressed serum TSH concentrations were found in six patients during the follow-up period. Hyperthyroid Graves' disease was diagnosed in four of the six patients, subacute thyroiditis in one, and transient post-partum thyrotoxicosis in one. Hypothyroidism was found in one patient who was diagnosed as having transient post-partum hypothyroidism. Euthyroid Graves' disease was diagnosed in one patient. Furthermore, six of these eight patients had a family history of autoimmune thyroid disease in first-degree relatives. CONCLUSION: During a prolonged follow-up period of patients with non-toxic diffuse goitre, Graves' disease was found in five of 108 patients (four hyperthyroid Graves' and one euthyroid Graves'), post-partum thyroid dysfunction in two, and subacute thyroiditis in one. Six of these eight patients had a family history of autoimmune thyroid disease in first-degree relatives. Long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with non-toxic diffuse goitre, especially those who have a family history of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide on NH2Cl-induced rat colonic electrolyte secretion.

The granulocyte-derived oxidant, monochloramine (NH2Cl), is known to stimulate chloride ion secretion in rat distal colonic mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers, through mechanisms that are sensitive and insensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). The possible role of intracellular thiols, in the mechanism of action of NH2Cl as a secretagogue, was evaluated with the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide and by measuring tissue sulfhydryl levels in response to NH2Cl. Serosal exposure to the antioxidant glutathione (0.25 mM), 5 min before NH2Cl (50 microM) addition, decreased the maximal effect of 50 microM NH2Cl on short-circuit current (Isc). The NH2Cl-stimulated increase in Isc was not affected by mucosal amiloride (5 microM). Pretreatment with 0.1 mM diamide shortened the lag period before the increase in Isc in response to NH2Cl, but it did not affect the maximal increase in Isc. Although TTX (0.5 microM) increased the lag time for achievement of the maximal Isc response to NH2Cl, the neurotoxin did not inhibit the effect of diamide, suggesting that diamide acts primarily on the nonneural component of NH2Cl-stimulated secretion. Incubation of colonic mucosa with NH2Cl, with or without diamide, decreased cellular acid-soluble sulfhydryl concentrations. Taken together, the results support a role for epithelial cell thiols in NH2Cl-stimulated electrolyte secretion by the rat colon.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1993

Immunogenetic analysis of silicosis in Japan.

We previously reported that a gene in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-Bw54, DR4, and DRw53 might control the susceptibility to silicosis (K. Honda et al. 1988. N. Engl. J. Med. 319:1610). To further define the HLA-linked gene and other genetic factors for predisposition of silicosis, we determined for HLA-DQ and DP alleles using the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and made a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the fourth component of complement (C4) genes, immunoglobulin lambda variable chain (IGLV) gene, and T-cell receptor alpha and beta genes in 46 Japanese patients with silicosis. The frequency of DQB1*0401 (relative risk [RR] = 2.2, P < 0.02) was increased and that of DQB1*0601 (RR = 0.36, P < 0.01) was decreased in the patients. RFLP analysis of C4 and IGLV genes showed significant association between silicosis and a specific RFLP pattern of C4A3-C4B5 allotype (RR = 2.3, P < 0.05) and that of IGLV 5.3 kb (RR = 0.33, P < 0.003). No other genetic markers showed significant association. Statistical analyses of the associated genetic markers revealed that the HLA-Bw54 was the allele that showed primary association with silicosis and the frequencies of the C4 and HLA-DQ alleles were suggested to be increased due to their linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-Bw54. We conclude that the major gene for silicosis may be mapped near the HLA-B locus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid histology of hyperthyroid Graves' disease with undetectable thyrotropin receptor antibodies.

To determine the histological characteristics of hyperthyroid Graves' disease with undetectable TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), we examined the thyroid histological findings of patients with hyperthyroidism who were referred for subtotal thyroidectomy and who lacked circulatory TRAb. Four patients had undetectable TRAb (6.4 +/- 4.2%) before treatment (group A). Their pathological and clinical findings were compared with those of four patients who had hyperthyroid Graves' disease with detectable TRAb (83.8 +/- 8.3%) before treatment (group B). The groups were matched for sex, age, duration of antithyroidal drug therapy, anti-Tg antibody, and antimicrosomal antibody levels. All patients were in a euthyroid state just before operation. Papillate hyperplastic epithelia in group A were significantly less severe than in group B. Enlarged colloids were not observed in two of the four patients in group A but were observed in all four patients in group B. Moderate or marked lymphocytic infiltrations were observed in all patients in group A but were virtually absent in group B. Based on these results, it is probable that hyperthyroid Graves' disease with undetectable TRAb titers represents an early stage or subtype of usual hyperthyroid Graves' disease in which there is marked or moderate lymphocytic infiltration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of methimazole-induced agranulocytosis using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF).

Agranulocytosis, although extremely infrequent, is a serious complication of antithyroidal drug therapy in patients with hyperthyroidism. Presently, there is no specific therapy for this life-threatening complication, and recovery time is highly variable. Recently, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was reported to be effective in shortening the recovery time of the neutropenia in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of rhG-CSF administration in patients with methimazole-induced (MMI) agranulocytosis. Thirty-four patients (7 males and 27 females, ages 16-68 yr) with MMI agranulocytosis were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 11) was treated with antibiotics only; group B (n = 11) received antibiotics and dexamethasone, 8 mg/day; and group C (n = 12) was treated with antibiotics and im injections of rhG-CSF, 75 micrograms/day. Patients in groups A and B were studied retrospectively. When rhG-CSF became available, patients in group C were studied prospectively. Bone marrow sternal punctures were performed in all group C patients who were then divided into 2 subgroups according to the granulocyte to erythrocyte count ratio (G:E). Group C1 (n = 6) had a G:E ratio of less than 0.5, and group C2 (n = 6) had a ratio of more than or equal to 0.5. Recovery time in all groups was defined as the number of days required for the peripheral granulocyte count to be greater than 1.0 x 10(9)/L. There was no significant difference in recovery time between groups A and B: 10.1 +/- 2.2 and 12.3 +/- 1.9 days (mean +/- SE), respectively. P was not significant; the administration of dexamethasone proved to be ineffective in shortening the time for recovery from peripheral granulocytes. On the other hand, recovery time was significantly shorter in group C (6.8 +/- 1.2 days mean +/- SE) compared with groups A and B (P < 0.05). Group C2 recovered in 2.2 +/- 0.6 days whereas group C1 took much longer, 9.8 +/- 1.3 days (P < 0.001). There was a direct correlation between the G:E ratio and the peripheral leucocyte count, r = 0.806, P < 0.01. Furthermore, rhG-CSF significantly shortened recovery time when the peripheral granulocyte count was greater than 0.1 x 10(9)/L (group C2) compared with patients whose counts were less than 0.1 x 10(9)/L (group C1), 2.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.3 days, respectively (P < 0.001). These data indicate that administration of steroids is ineffective in shortening the duration of recovery in patients with MMI agranulocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗