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Biomedical subjects

H Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to H Takeda.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A novel kappa-opioid receptor agonist, TRK-820, blocks the development of physical dependence on morphine in mice.

The effects of a novel kappa-opioid receptor agonist, TRK-820, on the development of physical dependence on morphine were investigated in mice in comparison with those of U-50,488H. A marked body weight loss and several withdrawal signs were observed following naloxone challenge in morphine-dependent mice. Co-injection of TRK-820 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) but not U-50,488H (1-10 mg/kg, s.c.) during chronic morphine treatment dose-dependently suppressed the naloxone-precipitated body weight loss, jumping, wet dog shakes and diarrhea. These results suggest that TRK-820-sensitive kappa-opioid receptor subtypes may play a significant role in modulating the development of physical dependence on morphine.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed2000

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lenticular nuclei in simple schizophrenia.

1. The lenticula nuclei have been suggested to be the site of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia. 2. Recently, several studies involving proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) showed that the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) to choline-containing compounds (Cho) was significantly reduced in the basal ganglia region in patients with schizophrenia. 3. Simple schizophrenia is characterized by social withdrawal and affective flattening, but not by prominent catatonic, hebephrenic or paranoid features. 4. We studied, using 1H MRS, the lenticula nuclei of 10 patients with simple schizophrenia, and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 5. No differences between the patients and the controls were found in any of the measured ratios, i.e. Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho. 6. Our results suggest the normal viability of neuronal cells, as found on quantification of NAA, Cr and Cho, in the lenticular nuclei of patients with simple schizophrenia. 7. The pathophysiology of simple schizophrenia may be different from those of other types of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Zebrafish mutations in Gli-mediated hedgehog signaling lead to lens transdifferentiation from the adenohypophysis anlage.

It is known that the earliest lens marker delta-crystallin is expressed abundantly in Rathke's pouch of the chicken, suggesting a close relationship between the cell states of the adenohypophysis (pituitary) anlage and the early lens. We show here that the zebrafish midline mutants you-too (yot) and iguana (igu) develop lenses from the adenohypophysis anlage. The early adenohypophysis anlage of normal zebrafish expresses lim3 and six3 but in yot(ty119) mutants the anterior part of the anlage lacks lim3 expression, and instead produces a crystallin-expressing cell population which develops into a large lens structure expressing beta and gamma-crystallins, but is not associated with retina tissues. Among the zebrafish mutants with midline defects, midline lenses were observed in two mutant alleles of yot and an allele of igu, but not in other mutants (syu, con, smh, dtr, uml, spi and lok). Two yot mutant alleles with midline lenses likely encode dominant negative forms of the Gli2 protein which will interfere with transcriptional activation by other Gli proteins. The observation argues that overall inhibition of Shh-Gli signaling leads the adenohypophysis anlage to transdifferentiate into lens.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Architecture for networked electronic patient record systems.

There have been two major approaches to the development of networked electronic patient record (EPR) architecture. One uses object-oriented methodologies for constructing the model, which include the GEHR project, Synapses, HL7 RIM and so on. The second approach uses document-oriented methodologies, as applied in examples of HL7 PRA. It is practically beneficial to take the advantages of both approaches and to add solution technologies for network security such as PKI. In recognition of the similarity with electronic commerce, a certificate authority as a trusted third party will be organised for establishing networked EPR system. This paper describes a Japanese functional model that has been developed, and proposes a document-object-oriented architecture, which is-compared with other existing models.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Differential expression of human spasmolytic polypeptide (trefoil factor family-2) in pancreatic carcinomas, ampullary carcinomas, and mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas.

Human spasmolytic polypeptide (hSP) is a member of the trefoil peptide group, thought to be involved in mucin production and cell growth. It has been reported that hSP protein is expressed in digestive cancers but not in normal pancreas. The expression of hSP in pancreatic neoplasms has not been investigated in detail. The immunohistochemical expression of hSP protein was investigated in pancreatic carcinomas, ampullary carcinomas, mucin-producing tumors, serous cystadenomas and islet cell tumors of the pancreas. hSP was expressed in 23% of pancreatic duct cell carcinomas, and hSP protein was more frequently detected in cases of early-stage or histologically low-grade duct cell carcinomas than in cases of late-stage or histologically high-grade carcinomas. Patients with hSP protein expression showed a better prognosis than did those with negative hSP expression. hSP expression was detected in 92% of mucin-producing tumors, but was not detected in serous cystadenoma or islet cell tumors. Immunohistochemical hSP expression is related to differentiation and a better prognosis in pancreatic duct cell carcinomas. Furthermore, hSP protein is related to the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed2000

Role of transcriptional factor activation protein-1 in endogenous expression of the interleukin-1 beta gene involved in Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbria-stimulated bone resorption in the mouse calvarial system.

We previously suggested that endogenous interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae stimulation in calvarial bone cell cultures plays a role in bone resorption as a major cytokine. Therefore, in the present study, we initiated experiments to clarify the stimulatory mechanism of IL-1 beta gene expression in fimbria-stimulated bone resorption. Fimbria-stimulated bone resorption was dramatically inhibited by curcumin, a potent inhibitor of activation protein-1 (AP-1). In fact, the fimbriae induced markedly both the expression of c-fos and c-jun genes and their protein production in the calvarial cells. In addition, a mixture of antisense oligonucleotides against c-fos and c-jun significantly inhibited not only the fimbria-induced expression of the IL-1 beta gene but also the fimbria-induced bone resorption. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that transcriptional factor AP-1 plays a functional role in P. gingivalis fimbria-stimulated bone resorption via endogenous IL-1 beta in the mouse calvarial system.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Transgenic zebrafish for detecting mutations caused by compounds in aquatic environments.

We have established a transgenic zebrafish line carrying a shuttle vector plasmid (pML4) for detecting mutagens in aquatic environments. The plasmid contains the rpsL gene of Escherichia coli as a mutational target gene, and the kanamycin-resistance gene for recovering the plasmid from the chromosomal DNA. To evaluate the system, we treated embryos of the transgenic fish with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), which induces a dose-dependent increase in the mutation frequency of the target gene. The mutation spectrum was consistent with the proposed mechanism of ENU mutagenesis. Similarly, treating the embryos with benzo[a]pyrene or 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline, which are found in naturally polluted water, significantly increased the frequency of mutations in the target gene.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

High-dose ecabet sodium improves the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin.

AIM: The additive effect of ecabet sodium in combination with dual therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated. METHODS: H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups and medicated for 2 weeks. Group LA: dual therapy (lansoprazole 30 mg o.d. plus amoxicillin 750 mg b.d.). Group LA1E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (1 g b.d.). Group LA2E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (2 g b.d.). Patients were evaluated 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment by culture and 13C-urea breath test. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients (mean age, 56.6 years; range, 26-79 years; 40 males, 31 females) were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind study, and 68 completed the protocol. The eradication rates per protocol patient were 43% in group LA, 62% in group LA1E, and 79% in group LA2E, and those on the intention-to-treat basis were 42% in group LA, 57% in group LA1E and 79% in group LA2E. The eradication rate in group LA2E was significantly higher than group LA (P=0.032 in per protocol, P=0.022 in intention-to-treat). Adverse effects were observed in 10 patients in this study. There were no severe adverse effects caused by ecabet sodium. CONCLUSION: High-dose ecabet sodium increases eradication rates of H. pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2000

Psittacosis with increased gammadelta T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Experience with two cases of psittacosis is described here in which the number of gammadelta T cell receptor-positive T lymphocytes (gammadelta T cell) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly increased (25.1 and 66.9%) and CD8+ T cells were also increased with reversal of the CD4/CD8 ratio. These values improved to the normal range along with recovery of their radiographical findings. The present findings suggest that gammadelta T cells may play an important role in protection from lung injury caused by Chlamydia psittaci infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mismatched clinicopathological response after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer.

We have been treating patients with operable thoracic esophageal cancer according to our own protocol. It includes the initial concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by continuous CRT or surgery. Patients with good response to initial chemoradiotherapy were allowed to continue chemoradiotherapy, whereas the others were treated with surgery. However, there were two cases which showed discrepancies in the clinicopathological response. Both patients received initial chemoradiotherapy, including two courses of cisplatin (100-120 mg), 5-fluorouracil (750-1000 mg for 4 days) and radiation (44-50 Gy). On completion of the initial chemoradiotherapy, all diagnostic imaging modalities including barium swallow, esophagoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and thoracic computed tomography strongly implicated residual tumor with a reduction rate of 40-50%. The patients underwent radical esophagectomy 15-20 days after initial chemoradiotherapy. Pathological specimens only revealed thickening of the esophageal wall due to inflammatory change without residual carcinoma. These facts suggest the current limitations of diagnostic images in evaluating the response to chemoradiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Inhibitory effect of calcium phosphate-associated proteins on calcium oxalate crystallization: alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin-F1 and osteopontin.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse urinary calcium phosphate- associated proteins and assess their inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate crystallization. Materials and methods Urine samples were collected over 24 h from five healthy men and calcium phosphate crystallization induced with NaOH solution. The bound proteins were separated on a cellulose column. To examine the effect of urinary calcium phosphate-associated proteins on calcium oxalate crystallization, 60 L of urine was collected from the healthy men. The effect of the separated fractions was studied in a mixed suspension/mixed product removal system. RESULTS: The separated proteins were identified as alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin. Prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin strongly inhibited the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in artificial urine. CONCLUSION: alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin selectively bound with calcium phosphate crystals in urine. Prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin in urine may strongly influence stone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Totally implantable ventricular assist system that can increase brain blood flow.

In the clinical usage of the ventricular assist device (VAD), multiple organ failure becomes an important problem. To improve the clinical record of the VAD, another organ function may be vitally important. For that reason, we have been developing a VAD system aiming at improving another organ's function. Development of the vibrating flow pump (VFP), which can generate a very unique flow pattern from 10 Hz to 50 Hz, was ongoing in our Institute. In order to evaluate brain blood flow and oxygen consumption, HbO2 was measured with a NIRO monitoring device in healthy adult goats. Four goats were anesthetized with halothane inhalation; then left thoracotomy was performed for the left heart bypass. HbO2 of the brain was measured by recording of the hemodynamic variables during left heart assistance with the VFP system. During left heart bypass with the VFP system, hemodynamic parameters stayed within normal range, and satisfactory pump output was easily obtained. Pump output stayed within 20-40% bypass to evaluate the effect of high frequency oscillated assist flow on brain blood flow during the same cardiac output. Interesting results were observed during the experiments. During 30 Hz drive of the VFP left heart assistance, HbO2 suggested that brain blood flow significantly increased compared with another drive frequency assistance during the same total cardiac output. These results suggest that we can control the brain blood flow with a totally implantable VAD system such as the VFP system.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic observation of squamous metaplasia of the stomach: a report of two cases.

Squamous metaplasia of the stomach is a rare clinical entity that occurs during healing of gastric ulcers or chronic inflammation. We have treated two patients with this condition, which has only occasionally been observed endoscopically. The first was a 60-year-old woman who initially presented with multiple gastric ulcers. Two months after treatment, a white patch about 4 cm in diameter was found in the lesser curvature of the cardiac region of stomach. The second patient was a 65-year-old woman, who also developed a white patch in the same region. Two months later, a small ulcer and inflamed mucosa were seen near the lesion. The white areas in both patients were stained with Lugol's iodine solution, and biopsy specimens confirmed squamous epithelium. The squamous metaplasia was observed as a white mucosal area in the stomach, and the metaplastic area stained positively with Lugol's iodine solution.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Blood glucose and insulin concentrations are reduced in humans administered sucrose with inosine or adenosine.

Recently we found that some nucleosides such as inosine or adenosine inhibited alpha-glucosidase from rat intestine. The aim of this study was to determine whether these nucleosides are sucrase inhibitors in humans as well as rats. Blood glucose and insulin responses were examined in 23 healthy volunteers (18 males and 5 females) administered sucrose with inosine and 8 (males) administered sucrose with adenosine. The initial increase in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 30 min after loading sucrose (50 g) alone were significantly reduced by co-administration of inosine (2.5 and 1.0 g) or adenosine (2.5 g). The total increases in the areas under the plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration curves for 3 h after administration of the same amount of sucrose with inosine were also significantly less than those when the volunteers were administered sucrose alone. These results in humans agree with the findings obtained in our previous studies in rats. These nucleosides may be used as one of the components of artificial sweeteners when mixed with sucrose and may be useful as food additives to suppress increases in blood glucose and insulin.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2000

Functional analysis of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax using hammerhead ribozymes.

A pro-apoptotic protein Bax is a Bcl-2 family member and forms homodimers and also heterodimerizes with death antagonists, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. To elucidate the detail of function of Bax in cells, we constructed a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the Bax mRNA. The level of Bax protein in Hela-K cells expressing Bax-ribozyme was decreased compared with that of wild type Hela-K cells. Therefore, the Bax-ribozyme should be useful for the future investigations of the details of apoptosis pathway.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

Non-Helicobacter pylori and non-NSAID peptic ulcer disease in the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recognized as the major causes of peptic ulcer disease. The status of H. pylori infection in the background population may influence the incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease without intake of NSAIDs in Japan. PATIENTS: A total of 398 patients who had no eradication therapy for H. pylori prior to this study, including 246 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and 152 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), were enrolled. METHODS: H. pylori status was assessed by rapid urease tests, histological examinations (haematoxylin & eosin stain, Giemsa stain and/or immunostaining) and serum IgG antibody. Two biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum within 3 cm of the pyloric and two from the middle corpus of the stomach, along the greater curvature. Patients were asked a series of questions regarding risk factors, including the use of NSAIDs. The presence of gastritis, gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was examined according to the updated Sydney system. RESULTS: Of the 246 patients with GU, 12 patients (4.9%) were considered to be H. pylori-negative. Of the 152 patients with DU, two patients (1.3%) were considered to be H. pylori-negative. Hence, a total of 14 patients were found to be H. pylori-negative. Nine of them were taking NSAIDs. Consequently, the frequency of H. pylori-negative ulcer without intake of NSAIDs was 1.3%. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of H. pylori-negative patients between the GU and DU groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease without intake of NSAIDs was very low in the Japanese population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Twins and allotwins of basic mica polytypes: theoretical derivation and identification in the reciprocal space

The geometry of the diffraction pattern from twins and allotwins of the four basic mica polytypes (1M, 2M1, 3T, 2M2) is analysed in terms of the 'minimal rhombus', a geometrical asymmetric unit in reciprocal space defined by nine translationally independent reciprocal-lattice rows. The minimal rhombus contains the necessary information to decompose the reciprocal lattice of twins or allotwins into the reciprocal lattices of the individuals. The nine translationally independent reciprocal-lattice rows are divided into three types (S, D and X): rows of different type are not overlapped by the n x 60 degrees rotations about c*, which correspond to the relative rotations between pairs of twinned or allotwinned individuals. A symbolic representation of the absolute orientation of the individuals, similar to that used for layers in polytypes, is introduced. The polytypes 1M and 2M1 undergo twinning by reticular pseudo-merohedry with five pairs of twin laws: they produce twelve independent twins, of which nine can be distinguished by the minimal rhombus analysis. The 2M2 polytype has two pairs of twin laws by pseudo-merohedry, which give a single diffraction pattern geometrically indistinguishable from that of the single crystal, and three pairs of twin laws by reticular pseudo-merohedry, which give a single diffraction pattern different from that of the single crystal. The 3T polytype has three twin laws: one corresponds to complete merohedry and the other two to selective merohedry. Selective merohedry produces only partial restoration of the weighted reciprocal lattice built on the family rows and the presence of twinning can be recognized from the geometry of the diffraction pattern.

Journal Article↗