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Biomedical subjects

H Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Takashima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

A comparison of the in vivo and in vitro response of rat embryos to 5-fluorouracil.

This study serves to further define the capabilities of the whole embryo culture system using the well-known teratogen, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent. An initial in vivo study was performed whereby pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10-30 mg/kg 5-FU on day 9 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the effects of this drug on the growth and development of embryos were evaluated. The number of externally malformed fetuses increased in a dose-related manner, and the most common defect was micro-/anophthalmos in fetuses of dams treated with 5-FU. Growth retardation was also noted in the 5-FU treated groups. An in vitro study was performed in which drug concentrations were varied (0.15-0.30 microg/ml). Externally abnormal embryos were observed in whole embryo culture system from embryonic day 9 to 11. The most common defect was hypoplastic optic vesicles. In the whole embryo culture system, crown-rump length, somite number, protein contents, and morphological score were decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Finally, histological evaluation and observation of the pattern of cell death of the optic vesicle of 11-day-old embryos in in vivo and in vitro were performed. These parameters revealed no differences in response between in vivo and in vitro embryos treated with 5-FU, suggesting that the whole embryo culture system was an appropriate model for developmental toxicity studies of 5-FU.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1998

Effect of ease-of-acquisition on naming latency for Japanese kanji: a reanalysis of Yamazaki, et al.'s (1997) data.

Yamazaki, Ellis, Morrison, and Lambon Ralph in 1997 found two age-of-acquisition measures exerted greater independent effects on the naming latency of kanji than well-established variables such as word frequency. The current study is a sequel to that study but has reached a different conclusion. To find a better predictor than the two age-of-acquisition measures, Yamazaki, et al.'s data were reanalyzed with the new variable, ease-of-acquisition. The main finding was that the correlation between ease-of-acquisition at age 13 and naming latency was high .67 (df = 145, p < .001). The status of ease-of-acquisition and its possible role in psycholinguistic research are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparative study of technetium-99m-sestamibi and thallium-201 SPECT in predicting chemotherapeutic response in small cell lung cancer.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) accumulation by tumor and response to chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer patients compared with 201TI-chloride. METHODS: There were 19 patients with small cell lung cancer just before chemotherapy initiation. The patients were classified by a follow-up CT into complete remission, partial remission and no change groups. All patients underwent dual-isotope imaging with 201TI-chloride and 99mTc-MIBI. Regions of interest were placed over the tumors and contralateral normal lung tissue on one coronal view with a clearly defined lesion, and the tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratio and retention index were calculated. RESULTS: Early and delayed T/N ratios for 99mTc-MIBI in complete remission and partial remission groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the no change group. There was no significant correlation between T/N ratio and tumor response using 201TI-chloride. There were no significant differences in the retention index with respect to the tumor response in both 201TI-chloride and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT images. CONCLUSION: Technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT may be more effective than 201TI-chloride SPECT for evaluating response to chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Autoimmune thrombocytopenia following syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation].

A 35-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (follicular small cleaved, B cell, stage IVB) received double myeloablative chemotherapy with syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Although platelet recovery was delayed until day 29 after the second transplantation, thereafter trilineage hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved. The evaluation after PBSCT did not detect any residual tumor. The patient was in good health until day 138, when his platelet count suddenly began falling; on day 150, it had fallen to 1.5 x 10(4)/microliter, and the patient was re-admitted for treatment. The bone marrow was normocellular with a normal count and megakaryocyte structure. Other examinations, including serological tests and computed tomography of the neck, chest, abdomen, and retroperitoneum, did not indicate a recurrence of NHL or reveal the cause of thrombocytopenia. The patient's platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) level was at 70.9 ng/10(7) platelets (normal range: 9-25 ng/10(7) platelets); a diagnosis of thrombocytopenia due to an autoimmune mechanism such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was made. Prednisolone therapy increased the platelet count and reduced the PAIgG level. Thrombocytopenia with an ITP-like mechanism rarely occurs more than 100 days after autologous or syngeneic stem cell transplantation, and should be taken into consideration as a late complication of PBSCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Autosomal dominant early onset dementia and leukoencephalopathy in a Japanese family: clinical, neuroimaging and genetic studies.

We report here the results of clinical, neuroimaging and genetic studies of autosomal dominant dementia and leukoencephalopathy in a Japanese family. Twenty-two individuals in this family were examined clinically (17 living, 5 deceased), neuroradiologically and genetically (16 of 17 living members). Ten (5 deceased) of 22 individuals had early onset dementia (age of onset: 45.2 +/- 12.1 years on average) and four of them had multiple white matter lesions and brain atrophy on brain MRI without history of brain ischemic attack. Another four individuals had abnormal white matter lesions on brain MRI without dementia. Linkage studies for chromosome 1q31-42, 14q24.3 and 21q21 responsible for Alzheimer's disease, chromosome 19p13.1-13.2 for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and chromosome 3 for familial non-specific dementia suggested no specific haplotypes cosegregated with the disease. Apo E genotypes were E2/2 and E2/3 in this family. Clinical, neuroimaging and genetic studies revealed that the disease in this family was distinguished from known familial dementia. This is the first report of a large Japanese family with autosomal dominant early onset dementia and leukoencephalopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A new type of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy linked to chromosome 3.

We report the clinical, pathological, and genetic findings of 23 patients in 8 families with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (proximal dominant form) (HMSN-P) in Okinawa, Japan. The clinical features were unique with respect to autosomal dominant inheritance, Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome-like proximal dominant neurogenic atrophy, obvious sensory involvement, painful muscle cramp, fasciculations, areflexia, and high incidences of elevated creatine kinase levels, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Electrophysiological and pathological studies revealed typical motor and sensory axonal neuropathy, and decreased numbers of anterior born and dorsal ganglion cells, which suggested the presence of neuronopathy in HMSN-P. Genetic linkage studies showed a lod score of 4.04 (two-point analysis) in DNA marker D3S1284. Haplotype analysis showed that the gene locus of the disease was mapped to 3p14.1-q13 bracketed by D3S1285 and D3S1281. In this region, the patients' chromosomes showed an obvious increase in the allele frequency of five markers. One allele in D3S1591 was identical in all patients but had a low frequency in the control population. This finding suggested the presence of linkage disequilibrium and a common origin of this allele in all patients with HMSN-P. The HMSN-P described here is a new clinical entity characterized by unique clinical manifestations and a new gene locus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Laryngeal necrosis after combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Post-radiation necrosis of the larynx is a major complication after irradiation and has become rare. Recently, combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been introduced for head and neck tumours. The authors report a case of laryngeal necrosis after combination therapy for a patient with cervical lymph node metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and review the literature on late laryngeal necrosis. Although radiation-induced laryngeal necrosis has become a rare complication, the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy may increase its incidence. We should always consider it as a possible late complication and treat it appropriately.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Index for predicting post-operative residual liver function by pre-operative dynamic liver SPET.

To predict residual liver function before hepatic resection, we devised a predictive index by combining clearance values with functional liver volume measured by liver dynamic single photon emission tomography (SPET). Forty-seven patients with liver disease underwent liver dynamic SPET with 99Tcm-Sn colloid before hepatic resection. There were no operation-related deaths. Three patients died from hepatic failure more than 1 month following the operation. Their predictive indices were 0.24, 0.33 and 0.34. When the predictive index was above 0.35, no patient had symptoms of hepatic failure or died. Our data suggest that when the predictive index is above 0.35, there is a low probability of hepatic failure after hepatectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[131I SPECT-imaging with body outline using convenient lightweight source].

In order to make the body outline clearly in SPECT images, we devised a simple line source holder with the objectives to have a lightweight line source, to reduce the radiation exposure to the staff and to make the system readily available. This technique was applied to evaluate the localizing lesions in patients with radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer. 131I-SPECT imaging with body outline was found to be effective in 86.7 percent (13/15) of the cases compared with planar imaging. Clinically, the results significantly helped in the discrimination between cervical lymph node metastasis and thyroid bed, and between mediastinal lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis. In the case of multiple lung metastasis demonstrating diffuse accumulation in the lung fields, 131I-SPECT imaging with body outline did not provide an increase in sensitivity compared with planar imaging. This method is easy to perform and it is considered to be useful for localization of abnormal accumulation, relative to the body outline.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Intraarterial infusion of papaverine in experimental cerebral vasospasm.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of intraarterial infusion of papaverine hydrochloride (PPV) in an experimental model of cerebral vasospasm and to measure the mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). METHODS: Seven Japanese monkeys were divided into three groups: those studied 3 days-after surgery (the third-day group, n = 3); those studied 7 days after surgery (the seventh-day group, n = 3); and a control group (n = 1). Vasospasm was induced in the experimental groups by placing a blood clot in the subarachnoid space around the top of the internal carotid siphon. PPV (5 mg/kg) was infused (over 60 minutes) into the internal carotid artery (ICA). The vascular diameters of the ICA and MCA were measured on angiograms before and after infusion. The mean blood flow velocity in the MCA was measured on transcranial Doppler sonograms before and 24 hours after infusion. After fixation, the MCA was dissected out, stained, and examined microscopically. RESULTS: After vasospasm induction, both arteries were narrowed more than 30% in the third-day group and more than 50% in the seventh-day group. After PPV infusion in both groups, vascular dilatation of about 20% was seen. The mean increase in blood flow velocity in the third-day group (30%) was smaller than in the seventh-day group (70%). The mean blood flow velocity in the MCA decreased by about 30% in both groups, but increased again after 24 hours nearly to the level before PPV infusion. The intimal layer was more corrugated in the seventh-day group, and hypertrophy in the smooth muscle layer was also seen. Clinical examination showed no neurologic deficit in the third-day group 24 hours after PPV infusion; neurologic deficits were observed in the seventh-day group. CONCLUSION: PPV infusion may be more effective in early stages of vasospasm when vascular walls have fewer histologic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone.

We report a case of benign osteoblastoma arising in the temporal bone of a 28-year-old woman. Plain radiography showed a mass with an amorphous calcified matrix and a thin radiolucent marginal zone. CT and MR imaging were useful in delineating the extent of the tumor, and angiography showed its hypervascularity. Preoperative transarterial embolization was effective in reducing bleeding during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of glucose-insulin infusion on thallium-201 chloride tumor imaging].

Thallium-201 chloride (201Tl) kinetics, may be affected by serum insulin levels like potassium kinetics. The purpose of the present study was to use glucose and insulin to improve 201Tl accumulation in the tumor. The results showed that the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio after simultaneous injection of 201Tl, glucose and insulin was significantly higher than that after the injection of only 201Tl, and that a ring appearance seemed to occur after glucose and insulin injection. This preliminary study suggests that 201Tl accumulation in the tumor is enhanced by glucose and insulin administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and intra-arterial papaverine infusion for symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of PTA and/ or intra-arterial infusion of papaverine (PPV) for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1989 to March 1996, twenty patients with symptomatic vasospasm were treated by PTA and/or intra-arterial infusion of PPV. Nine of the patients were treated by only PTA, eight by only PPV infusion, and three by both PTA and PPV infusion. Early clinical results were evaluated within 48 hours after treatment. Changes in the mean flow velocity (MFV) of the M1 segment as determined by TCD before and after treatment were also evaluated. RESULTS: Six of the nine patients (66.7%) treated only by PTA, six of the eight patients (75%) treated only by PPV, and all three patients (100%) treated by both PTA and PPV infusion showed improvement of neurological deficits within 48 hours after treatments. CONCLUSION: PTA was effective for main trunk vasospasm, while PPV infusion was more effective for peripheral severe vasospasm in recovery from neurological deterioration after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Use of both treatments further increased the effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Construction of pulmonary time-volume curve using MR: comparison with lung volume measurements using CT].

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of dynamic pulmonary ventilation using MR and to compare it with lung volume measurements using CT. MR images during tidal breathing and CT images at resting expiratory level were obtained in 7 normal volunteers. The correlation between lung volume using CT and that using MR at resting expiratory level was significant (r = 0.993, p < 0.001). Pulmonary time-volume curves for each lobe were constructed by applying a Fourier series. The technique used in this study appears to be potentially useful to assess lobar lung function non-invasively and quantitatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201 scintigraphy of primary lung cancer.

UNLABELLED: We evaluated the usefulness of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in primary lung cancer in comparison with 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy. METHODS: There were 45 patients with primary lung cancer. All patients underwent dual-isotope imaging with 201Tl-chloride and 99mTc-MIBI. Regions of interest were placed over the tumors (T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (N) on one coronal view in the SPECT, and T/N ratio and retention index were calculated. RESULTS: The positive rate was 98% in both the early and delayed images for 201Tl-chloride and 96% in the early and 89% in the delayed image for 99mTc-MIBI. Both early and delayed T/N ratios for 201Tl-chloride were higher than those for 99mTc-MIBI. There was no significant correlation between T/N ratio and histological type of tumor in both images. However, in both images, there was a tendency for the early and delayed ratios to increase as the tumor diameter became larger. The retention index of 201Tl-chloride was higher than that of 99mTc-MIBI. There were no significant differences in the retention index with respect to the histological type and tumor size. CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary clinical study suggest that 99mTl-MIBI can depict primary lung cancer similar to 201Tl-chloride. However, T/N ratio and retention index of 99mTc-MIBI in the tumor areas are significantly lower compared with those of 201Tl-chloride.

Adult↗