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Biomedical subjects

H Takami

Publications and source records attributed to H Takami.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN 1)].

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome characterized by tumors in parathyroids, enteropancreatic endocrine tissues, and anterior pituitary. In 1997, the MEN 1 gene was identified and cloned. It is on chromosome 11q13 and has 10 exons. It encodes a 610 amino acid protein called MENIN. However, many different germline mutations in MEN 1 families have reported, there were no hotspot of mutation. The correlation between MEN 1 mutation and clinical datas has not been established yet. Recently, the possible function of MENIN protein has reported. The identification of MEN 1 mutation by employing DNA test, will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11↗
PubMed2000

[Use of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) for extended surgery in patients with T4 tumor].

Since 1991, we have performed operations for tumors invading the upper airway, left atrium or main pulmonary artery with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) stand by support available. Of 15 cases with PCPS stand by, 6 patients actually underwent operation using PCPS. There were three esophageal cancers invading the carina, two lung neoplasms with left atrial invasion and one neoplasm extending to the main pulmonary artery. One of three patients with esophageal cancer had massive bleeding in the trachea resulting in airway obstruction. For this patient, emergency PCPS was carried out followed by the total removal of the thoracic esophagus and combined resection of membranous portion of the carina. As a result, a substantial amount of time (6 hours) was required. The two patients with reconstruction of the carina due to esophageal cancer were also successfully treated by using PCPS. Two patients with malignant pulmonary neoplasms invading the left atrium underwent combined resection of the lung and left atrium using a combination of PCPS and ventricular fibrillation under normothermia. In conclusion, PCPS should be accepted as a standard technique for patients with advanced thoracic malignancies in whom cardiac arrest or ventilation support is thought to be necessary for the complete removal of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic resection of thyroid tumors by the axillary approach.

One of the problems of surgery in the neck is the scar. Endoscopic surgery has recently been applied to cervical exploration and the scars of the neck are small and inconspicuous, but a few patients still complain of it. For this reason, we developed a technique of endoscopic resection of thyroid tumors using an axillary approach. This approach does not leave a scar on the neck or the chest, and the small scar in the axilla is completely covered by the patient's arm in a natural manner. Furthermore, the complications such as hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, subcutaneous empysema, air embolism and sensory loss in the neck region are minimized, because the working surgical space is small and procedures can be performed with CO2 insufflation levels below 4 mmHg. We believe that endoscopic surgery by the axillary approach will find a role in the treatment of thyroid tumors

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1999

Combined resection of the aorta for an esophageal carcinoma invading the aorta through a right transthoracic approach.

The prognosis of esophageal carcinoma invading the thoracic aorta has been extremely poor, as it has been either not resected or only palliatively resected. In recent years a remarkable improvement in survival has been achieved in advanced esophageal carcinoma through an aggressive dissection of the upper mediastinal lymph nodes. This implied that resection only of the aorta without lymph node dissection in these patients was not adequate for curability. Although a resection of the aorta would seem to be performed more easily through a left thoracotomy than through a right thoracotomy, the upper mediastinal lymph node dissection was unsatisfactory through a left thoracotomy. Therefore, we performed combined resection of the aorta using a temporary aorta-aorta bypass together with upper mediastinal lymph node dissection through a right thoracotomy for four patients with the esophageal carcinoma invading the thoracic aorta. This operative procedure was performed safely, and had the advantage that full observation on the extent of the carcinoma was attained together with subsequent radical lymph node dissection in the same field through only the right thoracic approach. This operation may provide a possibility for cure to patients with an esophageal carcinoma invading the aorta, who would otherwise receive only palliative treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Sciatic nerve injury associated with fracture of the femoral shaft.

The sciatic nerve escapes injury in most fractures of the femoral shaft. We report a case of sciatic nerve palsy associated with a fracture at the distal shaft of the femur. The common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve was lacerated by a bone fragment at the fracture site. Despite the delay in treatment, a satisfactory result was obtained.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Isolated posterolateral dislocation of the radial head in a boy.

Isolated dislocation of the radial head in children is a rare injury. We report an isolated posterolateral dislocation of the radial head in a boy after a fall on the outstretched arm. Immediate closed reduction and early active motion achieved satisfactory results.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1999

An improved physical and genetic map of the genome of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. C-125.

Among alkaliphilic bacteria reported so far, Bacillus sp. C-125 is the strain most thoroughly characterized physiologically, biochemically, and genetically. A physical map of the chromosome of this strain was constructed to facilitate further genome analysis, and the genome size was revised from 3.7 to 4.25Mb. Complete digestion of the chromosomal DNA with two rare cut restriction endonucleases, AscI and Sse8387I, each yielded 20 fragments ranging in size from 20 to 600 kb. Seventeen linking clones were isolated in each instance to join the adjacent AscI or Sse8387I fragments in the chromosomal map. All AscI linking clones isolated were sequenced and analyzed by comparison with the BSORF database to map the genes in the chromosome of strain C-125. Several ORFs showing significant similarities to those of B. subtilis in the AscI linking clones were positioned on the physical map. The oriC region of the C-125 chromosome was identified by southern blot analysis with a DNA probe containing the gyrB region.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1999

Sequencing of three lambda clones from the genome of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125.

The nucleotide sequences of three independent fragments (designated no. 3, 4, and 9; each 15-20 kb in size) of the genome of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. C-125 cloned in a lambda phage vector have been determined. Thirteen putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in sequenced fragment no. 3 and 11 ORFs were identified in no. 4. Twenty ORFs were also identified in fragment no. 9. All putative ORFs were analyzed in comparison with the BSORF database and non-redundant protein databases. The functions of 5 ORFs in fragment no. 3 and 3 ORFs in fragment no. 4 were suggested by their significant similarities to known proteins in the database. Among the 20 ORFs in fragment no. 9, the functions of 11 ORFs were similarly suggested. Most of the annotated ORFs in the DNA fragments of the genome of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. C-125 were conserved in the Bacillus subtilis genome. The organization of ORFs in the genome of strain C-125 was found to differ from the order of genes in the chromosome of B. subtilis, although some gene clusters (ydh, yqi, yer, and yts) were conserved as operon units the same as in B. subtilis.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1999

Biodiversity in deep-sea sites located near the south part of Japan.

We obtained 100 isolates of bacteria from deep-sea mud samples collected at various depths (1050-10897m). Various types of bacteria such as alkaliphiles, thermophiles, psychrophiles, and halophiles were recovered on agar plates at a frequency of 0.8 x 10(2) to 2.3 x 10(4)/ g of dry sea mud. No acidophiles were recovered. These extremophilic bacteria were widely distributed, being detected at each deep-sea site, and the frequency of isolation of such extremophiles from the deep-sea mud was not directly influenced by the depth of the sampling sites. Phylogenetic analysis of deep-sea isolates based on 16S rDNA sequences revealed that a wide range of taxa were represented in the deep-sea environments. Growth patterns under high hydrostatic pressure were determined for the deep-sea isolates obtained in this study. No extremophilic strains isolated in this study showed growth at 60MPa, although a few of the other isolates grew slightly at this hydrostatic pressure.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1999

Genetic analysis of the chromosome of alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125.

Seventeen Sse8387I linking clones isolated from the chromosome of Bacillus halodurans C-125 for the purpose of constructing a physical map were sequenced and analyzed by comparison with the BSORF database and the nonredundant protein databank. The orientations of Sse8387I or AscI linking clones serving to join adjacent fragments were determined by southern blot analysis using specific DNA probes. One-third of the open reading frames (ORFs) identified in the Sse8387I linking clones showed no significant similarity to any protein so far reported. The ORFs showing significant similarities to those of Bacillus subtilis were mapped in the chromosome of strain C-125, and the locations of the putative genes on the map were not well conserved between B. halodurans C-125 and B. subtilis.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1999

Reidentification of the keratinase-producing facultatively alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AH-101 as Bacillus halodurans.

Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AH-101 was characterized in terms of physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence homology and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses were performed. Phylogenetic analysis of strain AH-101 based on comparison of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that this strain is closely related to Bacillus halodurans. DNA-DNA hybridization of AH-101 and related Bacillus reference strains showed that the highest level of DNA-DNA relatedness (88%) was found between strain AH-101 and the B. halodurans type strain (DSM497). Our findings demonstrate that strain AH-101 is a member of the species B. halodurans.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1999

Clinical assessment of collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides as a marker of bone metabolism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

This study assesses the clinical usefulness of collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx), a new marker for bone resorption, as a marker for primary hyperparathyroidism. The study was conducted on 114 patients who had undergone parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Urine NTx levels were longitudinally determined by ELISA. Longitudinal serum bone Gla protein (BGP) determinations and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examinations were also performed before and after parathyroidectomy. Before parathyroidectomy, the mean urine NTx level in primary hyperparathyroidism was 149.0 +/- 116.8 pmol BCE/mumol Cr (normal: < 55 pmol BCE/mumol Cr), and the positive rate was 88.5%. The mean BGP level was 33.5 +/- 59.1 ng/mL (normal: 12.7 ng/mL), and the positive rate was 77.7%. The NTx positive rate was higher than the BGP positive rate. NTx values were significantly correlated with bone mineral density (P < 0.002) and BGP values (P < 0.005). Two weeks after parathyroidectomy the NTx levels had already decreased significantly to 65.1 pmol BCE/mumol Cr (P < 0.001), and by one month postoperatively they had fallen to 55.9 pmol BCE/mumol Cr, reaching the normal range much sooner than BGP. The NTx normalization rate two weeks postoperatively was 37%, and by 12 months postoperatively it was normal in 83% of patients. BGP levels decreased more gradually than the NTx levels, and only became normal in 9% of cases two weeks postoperatively, as opposed to 74% by 12 months. It is concluded that NTx reflects bone turnover in primary hyperthyroidism, and that it is an excellent marker for bony lesions before and after parathyroidectomy.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

Captopril and platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy in rats: role of endogenous PAF and PAF-like compounds.

Accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of late mortality following cardiac transplantation. The vascular lesions are characterized by myointimal proliferation and perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates. Platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a potent phospholipid mediator produced by inflammatory cells and activated endothelial cells. Angiotensin II is known to activate phospholipase A2, a critical enzyme in PAF synthesis. Using a rat heterotopic cardiac transplant model known to induce graft CAD, we previously reported that chronic administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, reduces intimal proliferation and maintains luminal patency. The purpose of the current study was to determine if captopril regulates vascular remodeling by suppressing PAF synthesis and whether administration of a PAF antagonist ameliorates graft CAD. Captopril was found to decrease levels of PAF and PAF-like compounds as well as reduce intimal lesions, decrease cellular rejection grade, and diminish allograft heart weights. Treatment with a PAF antagonist significantly decreased proliferation of the intimal component of the vasculopathy and caused regression of the cardiac hypertrophy, but had no significant effect on cellular rejection. In contrast, untreated animals had elevated plasma PAF levels, elevated heart weights, and severe myointimal proliferation with luminal stenosis 21 days post-transplantation. These observations suggest that graft CAD is mediated, in part, by PAF and PAF-like compounds, and suppression of endogenous PAF may prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

Perlecan is essential for cartilage and cephalic development.

Perlecan, a large, multi-domain, heparan sulfate proteoglycan originally identified in basement membrane, interacts with extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and receptors, and influences cellular signalling. Perlecan is present in a variety of basement membranes and in other extracellular matrix structures. We have disrupted the gene encoding perlecan (Hspg2) in mice. Approximately 40% of Hspg2-/- mice died at embryonic day (E) 10.5 with defective cephalic development. The remaining Hspg2-/- mice died just after birth with skeletal dysplasia characterized by micromelia with broad and bowed long bones, narrow thorax and craniofacial abnormalities. Only 6% of Hspg2-/- mice developed both exencephaly and chondrodysplasia. Hspg2-/- cartilage showed severe disorganization of the columnar structures of chondrocytes and defective endochondral ossification. Hspg2-/- cartilage matrix contained reduced and disorganized collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that perlecan has an important role in matrix structure. In Hspg2-/- cartilage, proliferation of chondrocytes was reduced and the prehypertrophic zone was diminished. The abnormal phenotypes of the Hspg2-/- skeleton are similar to those of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) type I, which is caused by activating mutations in FGFR3 (refs 7, 8, 9), and to those of Fgfr3 gain-of-function mice. Our findings suggest that these molecules affect similar signalling pathways.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗