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Biomedical subjects

H Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to H Takagi.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Asbestos concentration and fiber size in lungs of the urban residents].

Asbestos fiber concentrations and fiber size distribution in lung tissues of 53 urban residents (males: 34, female: 19) were analyzed by low temperature ashing-analytical transmission electronmicroscopy. The following findings were obtained. 1. Pulmonary asbestos fibers were found in 51 out of 53 patients. The types of asbestos fibers were chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, actinolite and tremolite. 2. Thirty-six of 53 patients had no history of occupational asbestos exposure, and their geometric mean concentration of asbestos fibers was 1.67 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung. Most of these asbestos fibers are probably attributable to general environmental contamination. Thirteen patients who had a history of occupational asbestos exposure showed a geometric mean of their pulmonary asbestos concentrations (5.82 x 10(6) fibers/g dry lung) which was significantly higher than that of patients without occupational asbestos exposure (p less than 0.01). 3. The geometric mean concentration of asbestos fiber in males (2.70 x 10(6)) was higher than in females (1.59 x 10(6)), probably due to a difference in the occupational asbestos exposure between males and females. 4. Regardless of the patient's sex, the geometric mean concentration of asbestos fibers in patients without a history of smoking (male: 4.91 x 10(6), female: 1.78 x 10(6)) was higher than that in patients with a smoking history (male: 2.76 x 10(6), female: 1.37 x 10(6)). The difference, however, was not statistically significant, and no correlation was seen between the concentration of asbestos fibers and smoking history. 5. Although most asbestos fiber utilized in Japan is chrysotile, the geometric mean concentration of chrysotile (0.87 x 10(6)) was almost identical to that of amphibole asbestos fiber (0.90 x 10(6)). 6. Of the asbestos fibers observed, 95% of chrysotile and 85% of amphibole asbestos were less than 5 microns in length and 93% of the total asbestos fibers were too small to be visible by light microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Kyotorphin like substance in human cerebrospinal fluid of patients with persistent pain].

Kyotorphin is an analgesic neuropeptide isolated from the bovine brain in 1979. Further studies showed that kyotorphin produces an analgesia through an increased release of met-enkephalin in the brain and the spinal cord. We showed that it is also found in the human cerebrospinal fluid and the concentrations of kyotorphin in normal human CSF is 1.19 +/- 0.51 pmol.ml-1. We also found that it is lower in patients with persistent pain (0.24 +/- 0.04 pmol.ml-1). Above results suggest that kyotorphin acts as a putative neuromediator and/or an endogenous pain modulator in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Study of hormone replacement therapy following total thyroidectomy in thyroid cancer--with special reference to the analysis of thyroid hormone peripheral effects, using indirect calorimetry].

Peripheral effects of thyroid hormones were examined using an indirect calorimetry in 18 patients with thyroid cancer before and after total thyroidectomy. Peripheral effects of exogenous thyroid hormones in TSH-suppression therapy after thyroidectomy were also studied. The subjects were maintained without hormone replacement for 3 weeks after total thyroidectomy. The ratio of resting energy expenditure to basal energy expenditure (REE/BEE) was determined before operation, before hormone replacement, and 1 and 5 weeks after the beginning of replacement, and the values were compared with changes in the blood thyroid hormone levels. Positive correlations were observed between the changes in endogenous thyroid hormone levels before and after total thyroidectomy and those in REE/BEE (free T3 vs. REE/BEE; r = 0.756, p less than 0.01), suggesting that evaluation of REE/BEE is clinically useful as an index of peripheral effects of thyroid hormones. Five weeks after the beginning of hormone replacement, T4 and free T4 were slightly range, and no enhancement of energy metabolism was noted. From these findings, the post-operative TSH suppression therapy carried out at our department is considered to be justifiable also from the viewpoint of energy metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multicentre clinical trial of antirejection pulse therapy with deoxyspergualin in kidney transplant patients.

The present randomized comparative clinical trial was carried out to confirm the efficacy of a newly developed immunosuppressive drug, 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), and also to find its optimal dose for antirejection pulse therapy. The study included 66 patients with rejection which had occurred within 6 months after renal transplantation. They were treated with DSG at 3, 5 or 7 mg/kg/day for 5 days. The overall percentage of efficacy was 73% and the percentage of efficacy was the highest in the 3-mg/kg group (82%). The incidence of adverse reaction tended to be dose-dependent. From these results, the optimal dose of DSG was judged to be 3-5 mg/kg/day for antirejection pulse therapy, and at doses in this range the percent efficacy could be expected to be 80% or more.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1991

Serum concentration and immunohistochemical localization of SPan-1 antigen in pancreatic cancer. A comparison with CA19-9 antigen.

We studied SPan-1 antigen in 64 patients with pancreatic cancer by measuring serum concentrations with RIABEAD and examining the intratumor staining patterns immunohistochemically. Serum concentrations were elevated (greater than 30 U/ml) in 46 patients (72.0%), roughly the same percentage as with elevated serum CA19-9 concentrations. Ten out of 19 patients without CA19-9 antigen expressed SPan-1, and the combined rate of positivity was 86% (55/64). Immunohistochemically, CA19-9 was localized to the apical surface and the supranuclear cytoplasm of normal epithelial cells, but SPan-1 was localized to the supranuclear cytoplasm or throughout the cytoplasm. After malignant degeneration, both antigens were found over the entire plasma membrane, throughout the cytoplasm (loss of polar distribution) and in the stroma surrounding the cells. SPan-1 was detected in 48 out of 54 adeno-carcinomas of the pancreas (89%), and all cases with an elevated serum concentration displayed stromal staining in the cancer tissues. The utility of SPan-1 antigen as a tumor marker for diagnosing pancreatic cancer was found to be equal to that of CA19-9.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Hyper-thermo chemotherapy of esophageal cancer with thermosensitive liposome, TAC-1043].

Antitumor activity of the thermosensitive liposome, TAC-1043, was examined. The TAC-1043, produced by Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., contained entrapped cisplatin in a large unilamellar vesicle (LUV). LUV is composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (DPPC) and distearoylphosphatidyl choline (DSPC) in the ratio of 9:1. The in vitro sensitivity of TAC-1043 was examined by SDI assay with MTT, using human esophageal cancer cell lines (TE-2, KY). TAC-1043 was effective at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, 41 degrees C and 43 degrees C. The in vivo effect of TAC-1043 together with hyperthermia was examined using mouse tumor MM 48. TAC-1043 combined with hyperthermia significantly suppressed the tumor proliferation.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Cervical lung hernia in a case of severe chronic asthma and bronchitis].

A case of a bilateral pulmonary hernia of the lungs into the supraclavicular fossae is described. A man, aged 79, with severe chronic asthma and chronic bronchitis due to air pollution, complained of a cervical mass off and on for several years. The herniation was greater on the right side. It could be identified on physical examination by the presence of a soft painless supraclavicular bulge which was exaggerated by strain or cough. Radiologically this herniation could best be identified on lateral cervical roentgenogram. It is said that cervical lung hernia is a rare condition, but in our experience supraclavicular herniation of the lung is not unusual in cases of severe chronic obstructive lung disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic basis of mannitol administration in the treatment of raised ICP].

To study the most effective way of mannitol administration for the treatment of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), pharmacokinetics of mannitol were analysed, and the relationship among mannitol concentration, serum osmolality and changes of intracranial pressure (ICP) were examined in cats. 10%, 20% and 30% of mannitol were made and intravenously administrated with the same volume and speed (0.667 ml/kg/min) for 15 minutes to each mannitol concentration group of cats. Sequential changes of ICP were monitored and serial mannitol concentration, serum osmolality and electrolytes were then performed. Changes of mannitol concentration showed a biexponential curve and best fitted to the two-compartment model analysis. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.9286) between mannitol concentration and extrinsic serum osmolality. The disposition of mannitol in cats was similar to that which had been reported in dogs and humans. The distribution half-time was faster in 30% mannitol, but the elimination half-time was similar in all groups. The integrated values of mannitol concentration difference between the central (Cc) and the peripheral compartment (Pc) were greatly correlated with the changes of ICP reduction during mannitol administration (for 15min). The time to vanish the mannitol concentration difference between Cc and Pc showed strong reverse correlation with the time to reach the lowest ICP level. The result indicates that the more rapidly mannitol was administrated, the more rapidly the concentration difference between the two compartments was created, and, the higher the effective osmolality was developed, then, the more profound and prolonged ICP reduction can be obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Carbohydrate antigens as a tumor-associated antigen and prognostic indicators in carcinomas of the breast, esophagus, stomach, colorectum, and pancreas].

The immunohistochemical analysis using the monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate antigens were performed and suggested that CA19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen in gastric cancer, Leb, Ley, CA19-9, CSLEX1, SLX in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, and Lex, Ley, and CSLEX1 in breast and esophageal cancers, respectively. Expression of the type 2 carbohydrate antigens had relation to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. In colorectal cancer, the patients with high degree of expression of CA19-9 had a poor prognosis, and high risk of distant metastasis. Higher intensity of staining was observed in hepatic in comparison with primary lesion. Thus carbohydrate antigens showed important role as tumor-associated antigens and good indicator for evaluation of prognosis.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1991

[A case of post-traumatic medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome].

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome recognized 2 days after a head injury is described. The patient was a 48-year-old man who had fallen from a ladder about 3m high. On his admission, scalp contusion on the left occipital area was noticed. Neurological examination revealed no neurological abnormalities except slightly disturbed consciousness. Plain skull X-ray films demonstrated a lineal skull fracture of the left occipital bone. Computed tomographic (CT) scans showed a slight subarachnoid hemorrhage within the bilateral sylvian fissures, but no parenchymal contusion in the brain stem was observed. On the 2nd day, when the patient regained full consciousness, impairment of adduction of the right eye and a fine nystagmus of the left eye on left lateral gaze were recognized. Convergence was intact. Right side MLF syndrome was diagnosed. This syndrome gradually disappeared followed by the initial improvement of adduction of the right eye, and the patient had completely recovered about 20 days after the head injury. Three major mechanisms leading to MLF syndrome caused by head injury are reported in the literature. They are: (1) primary brain stem injury, (2) secondary brainstem injury by trans-tentorial herniation, and (3) circulatory disturbance of perforating branches of the vertebro-basilar artery due to shearing force. In our case, the slightly disturbed consciousness at the time of the head injury indicates that this syndrome was not brought on by primary or secondary brain stem injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Effect of hyperdynamic circulatory support on hepatic hemodynamics, oxygen supply and demand after massive hepatectomy.

This study was designed to clarify the effect of hyperdynamic circulatory support with dobutamine or dopamine after massive hepatectomy on hepatic hemodynamics, oxygen supply and demand, and lactate uptake. Mongrel dogs were allocated three groups: 70% hepatectomy group; a group that received dobutamine after 70% hepatectomy; and a group that received dopamine after 70% hepatectomy. Hepatic blood flow and oxygen delivery to the liver decreased after 70% hepatectomy. Although oxygen consumption in the liver also decreased, oxygen consumption per liver weight increased after massive hepatectomy; an increase of oxygen uptake ratio and a decrease of lactate uptake in the liver were observed. When dobutamine or dopamine were administered after 70% hepatectomy, hepatic blood flow increased, followed by normalization of the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the liver; lactate uptake subsequently improved in the liver. The data support the conclusion that hepatic oxygen consumption affected by dopamine and dobutamine is associated with an increase in the extraction of lactate. Hyperdynamic hepatic circulatory support was advantageous to hemodynamics and metabolism in the residual liver after massive hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Kinetics of PTH metabolism after total parathyroidectomy and autograft at forearm in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure].

Five patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (2(0) HPT) due to chronic renal failure were investigated for PTH metabolism kinetics after total parathyroidectomy and autograft at the forearm (PTxG). We studied the kinetics of PTH for 24 hours after surgical treatment and gradually increased PTH levels when the parathyroid grafts became functional. It has been well known that the secreted intact PTH is peripherally cleaved in the region of reside 34 to yield amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments. In this study, specific assays were used for intact PTH (INT-PTH), middle (HS-PTH, MM-PTH) and carboxyl-terminal (C-PTH) fragments. Half-lives were calculated from the mean values of all experiments by a two-compartment system; INT-PTH: 11.1 +/- 3.9 min, HS-PTH: 9.6 +/- 1.7 hrs., MM-PTH: 11.1 +/- 2.9 hrs., C-PTH: 10.1 +/- 1.2 hrs. (Mean +/- SD). The disappearance rate of biologically active intact PTH was rapid, whereas those of middle and carboxyl-terminal biologically inactive fragments were prolonged in the patients with chronic renal failure. The graft function was examined by PTH gradient between the venous samples in the grafted arm as compared to the non-grafted arm. PTH gradient of INT-PTH assay was over 1.5 one week following PTxG in all patients. This suggests that the intact PTH assay is a reliable predictor of clinical response to the graft function after PTxG.

Forearm↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--5. An anesthetic experience of a pediatric patient with severe epilepsy].

A 6-year-old girl with severe epilepsy received an orthopedic surgery of the right hand under new total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine. For the induction of anesthesia, droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 5.0 micrograms.kg-1 and ketamine 2.0 mg.kg-1 was administered intravenously. She was intubated and ventilated manually throughout the operative procedure to maintain the end tidal CO2 between 4.5 and 5.5%. For the maintenance of anesthesia, ketamine was given continuously at a rate of 2.0 mg.kg-1.hr-1. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was obtained with vecuronium bromide. The patient recovered from anesthesia uneventfully. The total doses of droperidol, fentanyl, ketamine and vecuronium were 8.75 mg, 1.0 mg, 210 mg and 7.5 mg, respectively. Neither epileptic seizure, nor any other adverse effects with anesthetics was observed during and after anesthesia and surgery. We conclude that this method of anesthesia for epileptic patients may deserve further detailed study.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1990

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the afferents to the caudate-putamen and perirhinal cortex of rats.

The posterior caudate-putamen and perirhinal cortex are innervated by fibers immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). We investigated the origins of these fibers by using immunohistochemistry combined with lesion experiments and fluorescent dye tracers. Lesions of the posterior thalamus surrounding the medial geniculate nucleus, in which groups of CGRP-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) cells exist, decreased the number of ipsilaterally CGRP-LI fibers in the posterior caudate-putamen and partly in the perirhinal cortex. Some of CGRP-LI neurons in several posterior thalamic nuclei surrounding the medial geniculate nucleus were labeled with both Fast blue injected into the posterior caudate-putamen and fluoro-gold administered into the anterior perirhinal cortex. Our results indicate that CGRP-LI cells in the posterior thalamus, such as posterior intralaminar, lateral subparafascicular and subparafascicular nuclei, project either separately or simultaneously to innervate the posterior caudate-putamen and perirhinal cortex.

Amidines↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat nasal mucosa.

Galanin-like immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibers beneath and within the epithelium of the rat mucosa by the use of immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactive fibers were also noted close to blood vessels and seromucous glands in the lamina propria. Fast blue applied to the nasal mucosa underwent retrograde transport to some immunoreactive neurons of the trigeminal ganglion. Thus, the rat nasal mucosa was shown to be innervated by galanin-containing sensory nerves.

Animals↗