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Biomedical subjects

H Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to H Takagi.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Surgical significance of supernumerary parathyroid glands in renal hyperparathyroidism.

In secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) fundamentally all parathyroid glands, including supernumerary glands, become hyperplastic, and stimulation of parathyroid glands continues after parathyroidectomy (PTx). Therefore supernumerary glands have special significance during surgery for 2HPT, whether persistent or recurrent HPT. In the present study 570 patients underwent initial total PTx with a forearm autograft. The frequency, type, location, histopathology, and clinical significance of the supernumerary glands were evaluated. At the initial operation 90 supernumerary glands were removed from 82 to 570 patients (14.4%); 12 patients (2.1%) required extirpation of supernumerary glands for persistent/recurrent HPT. Altogether 104 supernumerary glands were identified at operation in 94 of the 570 patients (16.5%). Among these 104 glands, 25 (24.0%) were of the rudimentary, or split, type and 79 (76.0%) of the proper type. Supernumerary glands were most frequently identified in the thymic tongue (53/104, 51.0%); 32 (60.4%) of these 53 glands were identified only microscopically. In 6 of the 570 cases (1.1%), reoperation was required for persistent HPT due to supernumerary glands located in the mediastinum, and 6 patients underwent neck reexploration for recurrence. Histopathologically, 61 of 104 (58.7%) supernumerary glands, including 36 glands recognized only microscopically, showed diffuse hyperplasia, and 43 (41.3%) displayed nodular hyperplasia. Residual small supernumerary glands with diffuse hyperplasia have the potential to be transformed to nodular hyperplasia during long-term hemodialysis. Therefore all parathyroid glands including supernumerary glands should, if possible, be removed at the initial operation. Routine removal of the thymic tongue and careful examination of the regions surrounding the lower poles of the thyroid, especially on the left side, are important steps in the surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Survival of patient with late onset hepatic failure by living-related liver transplantation from maternal donor with incompatible blood type.

A 14-year-old girl with blood type B with late onset hepatic failure (LOHF) of unknown cause has survived through living-related liver transplantation (LRLT). No hepatitis virus, including HAV, HBV, HCV, and HGV, was positive at the onset of LOHF. Autoimmune hepatitis was thought to be the cause because of positive results for serum anti-nuclear antibody at 80 times dilution and elevated gamma-globulin, but treatment with glucocorticoid did not suppress the progressive hepatic failure. Supportive therapy, including pulse therapy with 1g methylprednisolone for 3 days, ursodesoxycholic acid, branched-chain amino acid, and azathioprine did not resolve the hepatic failure. She was treated by repeated plasmapheresis and plasma absorption for 10 months, and then received the left lobe of her mother's liver. (Her mother's blood type was AB). The patient had been well, being treated with tacrolimus and prednisolone, although the serum titer of anti-blood type B antibody was high just after LRLT and mild liver dysfunction continued for more than 3 years after LRLT. Follow-up biopsy 3 years after LRLT revealed chronic hepatitis and progression to liver cirrhosis. Re-transplantation is now under consideration; the patient is now aged 19 years.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1998

Quantitative assessment of macular edema with retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal thickness analyzer, a new image analyzer involving laser-slit biomicroscopy, for quantitative assessment of retinal thickness in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients (central retinal vein occlusion, 22 eyes; branch retinal vein occlusion, 36 eyes) with a clinical diagnosis of macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion were evaluated. Retinal thickness analysis was performed with the retinal thickness analyzer. A green helium-neon laser slit directed into the eye was scanned to generate optical cross-sections of the retina. Images were analyzed by an automated software algorithm, and a detailed map of the retinal thickness was obtained. RESULTS: Laser-slit images obtained with the retinal thickness analyzer in patients with macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion disclosed intraretinal changes such as retinal edema, cystoid spaces, and hemorrhages. Linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the macular thickness in the central fovea and corrected visual acuity reported on a logMAR scale (P = .002, adjusted R2 = 0.40 in central retinal vein occlusion; P = .002, adjusted R2 = 0.34 in branch retinal vein occlusion). CONCLUSION: We confirmed the capability of the retinal thickness analyzer to provide rapid and precise evaluation of macular thickening in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intraportal endovascular ultrasonography for assessment of vascular invasion by biliary tract cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of intraportal endovascular ultrasonography (IPEUS) in assessing vascular invasion by biliary tract cancer. METHODS: A prospective study of 31 consecutive patients with biliary tract cancer was performed. All patients underwent surgery. The sonographic criterion for right hepatic artery invasion was interruption of the hyperechoic layer or encasement by tumor. The sonographic criterion for portal vein invasion was obliteration of the echogenic band of the portal vein. IPEUS findings were confirmed by surgical exploration and pathologic examination of resected specimens. RESULTS: Right hepatic artery invasion was confirmed in resected specimens in seven patients and by operative findings in four patients. Portal vein invasion was confirmed in resected specimens in six patients and by operative findings in five patients. For diagnosis of right hepatic artery invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of IPEUS were all 100%; respective values were 63.6%, 84.2%, and 76.7% for angiography. For diagnosis of portal vein invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of IPEUS were 100%, 95%, and 96.8%, respectively. The corresponding values were 63.6%, 89.5%, and 80% for portography and 54.5%, 85%, and 74.2%, respectively, for CT. CONCLUSION: IPEUS will improve the assessment of vascular invasion at the hepatic hilum by biliary tract cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Differentially expressed olfactomedin-related glycoproteins (Pancortins) in the brain.

Messenger RNA differential display is conducted to search for genes that are expressed in a region-specific pattern in the rodent brain. Eleven novel gene fragments are isolated. One of these genes which we call pancortin, based on its predominant mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex of the adult, is studied. These pancortin cDNA clones are grouped into four different types of cDNA, designated as pancortin-1 to -4. All pancortin cDNAs share a common sequence in the middle of their structure, having two alternative sequences at both 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequence shows that all pancortins have sequences of hydrophobic amino acids at N-terminus and no obvious membrane spanning regions. In situ hybridization histochemistry using oligonucleotide probes specific for 5'- and 3'-end variable parts has revealed that these four pancortin mRNAs are expressed differentially in the adult rodent brain. Robust expression of pancortin-1 and -2 mRNA is observed in the cerebral cortex (including the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb). However, little of pancortin-3 and -4 mRNA is observed there. In the cortex, some neurons are stained by an antibody raised against Pancortin. Immuno-electron microscopic study has revealed that Pancortin-like immunoreactive products are localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum and not in the Golgi apparatus indicating that Pancortins are the endoplasmic reticulum-anchored proteins. Our results suggest that each Pancortin is differentially regulated and may perform different functions in the brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Distribution of mRNA encoding Tat-binding protein-1 (TBP-1), a component of 26S proteasome, in the rat brain.

Cellular localization of Tat-binding protein-1 (TBP-1) mRNA is studied in the rat central nervous system (CNS) by in situ hybridization histochemistry. TBP-1 is one of the molecules which interact with HIV Tat and influence HIV amplification. Also, TBP-1 is recognized as a component of a 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which degrades ubiquitinated proteins and is essential for a remarkably wide range of cellular processes, including vesicle fusion, proteolysis, peroxisomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and transcription. A detectable amount of TBP-1 mRNA exists widely in neurons but with high heterogeneity in the CNS. Many motor neurons, e.g. those in the oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus, motor trigeminal nucleus, facial nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus, are TBP-1 mRNA positive. In addition, neurons in the sensory nuclei, such as the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus, and many cortical neurons are TBP-1 mRNA positive. These results suggest that TBP-1 is one of the basic molecules in the brain and that the expression of TBP-1 mRNA is differentially regulated at the cellular level, probably reflecting the rate of protein turnover as a whole.

ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activitie↗