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Biomedical subjects

H Tajiri

Publications and source records attributed to H Tajiri.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mass protection program of perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in Japan and impact of an optional booster vaccination on its efficacy.

We assessed the efficacy of a government-sponsored mass protection program in Osaka, Japan, for perinatal HBV infection in infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers. We also evaluated the impact of optional follow-up procedures in such infants, including an evaluation of anti-HBs response and a booster dose of HBV vaccine for poor responders. The results demonstrated that this mass protection program protected 94.4% of the infants from perinatal HBV infection in the Osaka area. However, the proportion of infants with an unprotective level of anti-HBs was higher in the standard group than in the follow-up group both at 1.0 and 1.5 years of age, which was also the case for HBV events. Furthermore, the present study showed that a booster dose of vaccine in poor responders was very effective in promoting an anti-HBs response. In conclusion, we recommend that a follow-up blood test to confirm a response of anti-HBs to HBV vaccine should be performed at 4-8 weeks after the third injection of HBV vaccine in infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers. We also recommend that a booster injection of HBV vaccine should be immediately given to poor responding infants who otherwise are at a considerable risk of developing HBV infection in late infancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Massive intestinal albumin loss after Fontan operation.

Massive intestinal protein loss was demonstrated and the site of loss determined by abdominal scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin in a 9-year-old girl following the Fontan operation for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Significant activity accumulating in the lower small intestine and moving with its contents into the colon were shown. Her condition may have resulted from intestinal lymphangiectasia, caused by increased central venous pressure. Abdominal scintigraphy with 99mTc-human serum albumin is useful in the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Effect of sho-saiko-to(xiao-chai-hu-tang) on HBeAg clearance in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and with sustained liver disease.

We studied the effect of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) on HBeAg clearance rate (SN rate) in fourteen children with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and with sustained liver disease. Seven of fourteen patients (50.0%) became HBeAg negative in the average observation period of 0.47 years(0.2-0.9 years). Four of those seven patients developed anti-HBe. The annual SN rate in the She-saiko-to treated group was apparently higher than the natural annual SN rate (22.7%) of 22 untreated patients retrospectively reviewed from the onset of hepatitis. Sho-saiko-to seemed to promote clearance of HBeAg in children with chronic HBV infection and with sustained liver disease. Sho-saiko-to may be a useful drug for such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Phase II study of continuous venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil in advanced pancreatic cancer.

Continuous venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was investigated in 18 patients with measureable advanced cancer of the pancreas. 5FU was given for 7 days in a dose of 500 mg/m2 by continuous venous infusion over a 24-hour period and then followed by a dose of 170 mg/m2 for more than 28 days. Ten patients had no change including 1 patient with minor response, and 4 patients had disease progression. Serum CA19-9 levels were measured serially after chemotherapy in 13 of 14 evaluable patients. In 3 of 10 patients who showed high levels before treatment, serum CA19-9 levels were significantly decreasing after treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A nine year retrospective analysis of resectable pancreatic cancer at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo: clues to diagnosis and diagnostic assessment.

A nine year retrospective survey was carried out at the National Cancer Center Hospital in order to define the diagnostic clues and most suitable diagnostic assessment in resectable pancreatic cancer patients. Forty six cases were detected (27 pancreatic head cancers, 19 pancreatic body and tail cancers). There were 8, 26, 3 and 9 cases of t1, t2, t3 and t4 tumour size cancers, respectively. Abdominal pain and/or discomfort and back pain were the most common initial symptoms and chief complaints. Jaundice was present only in pancreatic head cancer cases. Abnormal GTT and CA 19-9 were the biochemical tests most commonly found abnormal, irrespective of tumour size. ERCP followed by US and CT were the most accurate technical tests. The best care toward the awareness of the initial symptoms needs to be followed, as a first choice, by a proper biochemical (CA 19-9, GTT) and technical (US, ERCP, CT) assessment in the hope of identifying those patients whose prognosis might be improved by an early operation.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative study of histopathological findings of resectable pancreatic carcinoma (t1, t2 cases) with ERCP and CT images].

The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma at early stage has been considered very difficult. Histopathological findings of resectable pancreatic carcinoma less than 4 cm in size (t1, t2 cases) have been compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT) images for the purpose of improving the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Twenty-six patients with pancreatic carcinoma less than 4 cm in size, who underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital from January 1980 to December 1988, were analyzed. The mean age of these 26 cases was 64 years (range of 45 to 78 years), with 13 males and 13 females. Pancreatograms were classified into 4 groups such as stenosis, tapering, obstruction and others, and this classification was compared with histopathological findings. However, ERCP classification showed no correlation with histopathological findings. CT images of the margins, characteristics and density of the tumor were compared with histopathological findings. There existed a good correlation between CT images and histopathological findings such as histological differentiation, macroscopic type of cut surface and INF. For an accurate diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, it is important that localization of the tumor is diagnosed first by ERCP and the characteristics of the tumor should be recognized by CT images.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Clinical significance of monitoring serum levels of 5-fluorouracil by continuous infusion in patients with advanced colonic cancer.

Serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given by continuous infusion to 19 patients with advanced colonic cancer were measured by an HPLC method, and steady-state concentration (SSc), area under the curve (AUC72) and total body clearance (Cl) were calculated as pharmacokinetic parameters. The serum level of 5-FU rapidly increased, reaching a plateau within 2 h after the start of administration. There were positive correlations between the dose and both SSc (r = 0.578, P less than 0.01) and AUC72 (r = 0.558, P less than 0.05). When the patients were divided into toxic and non-toxic groups according to the degree of toxicity, the values for SSc and AUC72 in the toxic group were significantly higher than those in non-toxic patients. The Cl value in the toxic group was also significantly different from that in the non-toxic group when data were calculated on a log scale. Furthermore, no differences in these parameters between effective and non-effective in these parameters between effective and non-effective groups were detected when the patients were divided into two groups according to anti-neoplastic responses. These results indicate that increased serum concentration does not always provide therapeutic benefits to patients receiving continuous infusions of 5-FU.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pilot phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) against metastatic gastric cancers.

Fifty patients with metastatic gastric cancer were entered for a phase II study of Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), 45 of whom were able to have their responses evaluated. CDDP was given intravenously at a dose of 80 mg/m2 over two hours every three weeks. There were four partial responses (25%) among the 16 patients who had had no prior chemotherapy, and three partial responses (10%) among the 29 patients who had had prior chemotherapy. The total response rate was 16%. The chief manifestations of toxicity were gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and/or vomiting. Severe nephrotoxicity was not observed. From these data, the administration of CDDP at a dose of 80 mg/m2 every three weeks was considered tolerable, and CDDP as a single agent was considered effective against metastatic gastric cancers. In addition, three of the 29 pretreated patients who responded suggested that CDDP could be given as a second-line chemotherapy when initial treatment with other active agents, i.e. fluorinated pyrimidine or mitomycin C, fails to obtain a response.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Imaging diagnosis of portal tumor thrombus secondary to gastric cancer.

Tumor thrombus in the portal vein secondary to advanced gastric cancer was diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), and was confirmed at autopsy in a 54-year-old man. The register data for 3176 patients of resected gastric cancer disclosed that there was no patient with portal tumor thrombus secondary to gastric cancer.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Transient perihilar attenuation difference in the liver on dynamic CT secondary to portal vein thrombosis: report of two cases.

In two patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) accompanied by cavernous transformation, transient perihilar attenuation difference (TPAD) was demonstrated in the liver in the arterial phase of dynamic CT. It changed to an isodense shadow in the late phase. In one case, the area demonstrated as TPAD was well enhanced by postarterial portal CT, and in the other case, perihilar region was also densely opacified as contrasted by the peripheral area which was enhanced slightly with postarterial portography. It suggested that the TPAD area well supplied by portal blood flow via cavernous transformation and that the peripheral area surrounding TPAD was mainly supplied by increased hepatic arterial blood compensating for reduced portal flow. When the TPAD is found in the early phase of dynamic CT scan, attention should be paid to the existence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Chronic pancreatitis was the likely cause in one patient, and in the other it was idiopathic.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Prevention of neonatal HBV infection with the combination of HBIG and HBV vaccine and its long-term efficacy in infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers.

Seventy-three infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers were protected from neonatal HBV infection with our standard prevention schedule consisting of two doses of HBIG (0,2 mo) and three doses of HBV vaccine (2, 3, 5 mo). In 62 infants who successfully responded to HBV vaccine with a titer of anti-HBs greater than 2(3), anti-HBs titer was monitored for as long as 48 months (25.6 +/- 11.0 mo) and found to decrease as follows: 5.1 +/- 1.7 at 12 mo., 4.5 +/- 1.8 at 18 mo., 4.2 +/- 1.8 at 24 mo., 4.0 +/- 1.6 at 30 mo., 3.7 +/- 1.7 at 36 mo., 3.2 +/- 2.0 at 48 mo. During the follow-up period, eight HBV events (11.9%) were demonstrated: one case showed an increase of anti-HBs, three showed a reappearance of anti-HBc alone, three showed a reappearance of anti-HBc with increase of anti-HBs, and one became a chronic HBV carrier. All infants were further divided into three groups by their maximal response of anti-HBs to HBV vaccine: Group I (greater than or equal to 2(6)), Group II (2(3)-2(5)), and Group III (2(2) greater than or equal to). Group I sustained a higher titer from 12 to 30 months of age and had less HBV events than G-II and G-III. Our study suggests that acquisition of a high titer of anti-HBs is important in long-term prevention of HBV infection as well as in the neonatal period in infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1989

[Factors influencing the prognosis of carcinoma of the pancreas--an analysis of 155 cases].

At the National Cancer Center Hospital, the survival rates of 155 patients with pancreatic cancer, during the period from 1980 to 1987, have been retrospectively analysed. The size of tumor, type of histology, liver metastases, peritoneal metastases, and type of therapy affected the survival rates significantly. Survival rates at one year were 64% among the curative resections, 29% among non-curative resections, 30% for radiotherapy and chemotherapy and 10% for patients with only chemotherapy. We have concluded from the above that the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy enabled a longer survival in patients with a non-resectable pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Study of local interstitial hyperthermia induced by low power Nd:YAG laser].

A comparative study of local interstitial hyperthermia induced by low power Nd:YAG laser (laser hyperthermia) and microwave hyperthermia was carried out in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to clarify the therapeutic effect and the mechanism. Both therapies, after seven days, caused marked amounts of coagulated necroses in the transplanted tumors of human pancreatic carcinoma. Immediately after those therapies, electron microscopic examination of the tumor tissues showed membranous, cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial damage; however, this damage was much more extensive in laser hyperthermia compared to microwave hyperthermia. The cytocidal effects of heating alone, laser hyperthermia and microwave hyperthermia were also studied in vitro. Of the three, laser hyperthermia demonstrated the most notable decrease in viability. Thus, in the mechanism of laser hyperthermia, it seems that the immediate effect is cellular damage caused by both heat energy and Nd:YAG laser light followed by subsequent damage of tumor vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Laserthermia. A new method of interstitial local hyperthermia using the contact Nd:YAG laser.

Laserthermia is a new method of delivering interstitial local hyperthermia using a synthetic contact probe with a computer-controlled Nd:YAG laser to deliver both pulsed and continuous laser energy. The system allows an easily controllable increase in temperature (for example, from 42 to 43 degrees C) over a fixed period of time (for example, 20 minutes) to be delivered to tissue. A single or multiple channel system can be used depending on the volume of tissue to be treated. Tumor necrosis appears to be related to avascular infarction. Early clinical results support the beneficial therapeutic effects of Laserthermia in its oncologic applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Laserthermia: a new computer-controlled contact Nd: YAG system for interstitial local hyperthermia.

Contact Nd:YAG laser surgery is assuming a greater importance in endoscopic and open surgery, allowing coagulation, cutting, and vaporization with greater precision and safety. A new contact probe allows a wider angle of irradiation and diffusion of low-power laser energy (less than 5 watts), using the interstitial technique for producing local hyperthermia. Temperature sensors that monitor continuously can be placed directly into the surrounding tissue or tumor. Using a computer program interfaced with the laser and sensors, a controlled and stable temperature (e.g., 42 degrees C) can be produced in a known volume of tissue over a prolonged period of time (e.g., 20-40 min). This new laserthermia system, using a single low-power Nd:YAG laser for interstitial local hyperthermia, may offer many new advantages in the experimental treatment and clinical management of carcinoma. A multiple system is now being developed.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1988

Oral feeding of isolated lectins from red kidney bean stimulates rat small intestinal mucosal DNA synthesis and crypt cell division.

A lectin preparation containing enterokinase inhibitor purified or partially purified from red kidney bean (RKB) when fed to weanling rats was shown to cause small intestinal hyperplasia. To see if this hyperplastic effect on the rat small intestine was due to the mitogenic properties of the isolated lectin, male weanling rats were fed a chow containing 0.1% of the isolated lectin for six days. Age-matched control rats were fed regular chow. Both control and lectin-fed rats were sacrificed at one, two, three, four, and six days after the start of lectin feeding. The proximal small intestinal mucosa of rats fed lectin showed gradual increases in protein and DNA contents throughout the experimental period. Morphological studies showed marked increases in crypt depth from days 1 through 6 in these rats with essentially no change in mucosal thickness or villous height. DNA synthetic activity peaked at day 2, but was higher than control throughout the experimental period. Labeling index was 0.36 +/- 0.03 in duodenum of controls as compared to 0.45 +/- 0.02 in duodenum of weanling rats fed lectin for two days. These results demonstrate that RKB lectin stimulates overall DNA synthetic activity and increases crypt cell proliferation on the small intestine of weanling rats. The observed mucosal hyperplasia is probably due to increases in crypt cell population as shown by the increase in crypt depth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Long-term pancreatic-biliary diversion in the rat: persistent loss of mucosal enterokinase, with reinduction by delayed oral pancreatic biliary supplementation.

Diversion of pancreatic-biliary (PB) secretions in rats for 23 days led to loss of enterokinase (EK) activity in bypassed segments of the small intestine. Simultaneous oral trypsinogen and bile salt (TB) supplements prevented the loss of EK activity. To study the temporal course of events after PB diversion and to determine if the loss of EK is reversible, PB diversion was performed in rats by surgical transposition of the 4-cm segment of duodenum including the ampulla of Vater to a point 30 cm distal to its original site. Bypassed and control (sham- and nonoperated) rats fed standard rat chow were sacrificed at 10, 23, and 45 days after surgery. One bypassed group was fed standard chow for 23 days and then chow supplemented with TB until sacrifice at 45 days. At sacrifice, the intestines were divided into segment 1 (the bypassed proximal 30 cm) and segment 2 (the 30 cm distal to the bypass). In segment 1, EK disappeared almost completely by 10 days and remained at the same low levels at both 23 and 45 days (p less than 0.05). No significant changes in EK levels were found at any time in segment 2 distal to the bypass. Mucosal disaccharidase activity in segment 1 increased or showed no change. In rats with delayed TB supplementation, EK activity in segment 1 returned almost to control levels at the time of sacrifice. The results confirm the importance of PB secretions in the maintenance of EK activity. The effects of bypass on EK are both enzyme- and site-specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗