Multiple domains interacting with Gs in the porcine calcitonin receptor.
The molecular basis for Gs activation by the calcitonin (CT) receptor was investigated. Based upon the analysis of conserved regions in G protein-coupled receptors, two nonoverlapping regions in the heptahelical porcine CT receptor (CTR) were selected as candidate Gs-interacting domains: the third intracellular loop residues 327-344 (KLKESQEAESHMYLKAVR, P3 region) and the C-tail residues 404-418 (KRQWNQYQAQRWAGR, P4 region). To assess their Gs-interacting function, we expressed these sequences in hybrid insulin-like growth factor II receptors in which the receptor native Gi-interacting domain was converted to CTR sequences. In COS cells transfected with either P3- or P4-substituted hybrid receptor, membrane adenylyl cyclase activity significantly increased. The up-regulated activity of cAMP was confirmed by measuring the transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element in cells expressing either hybrid receptor. A mutant CTR lacking the P4 region maintained positive cAMP response but with an attenuated maximal capacity to produce cAMP. In contrast, we could not assess the function of the P3 region using a conventional deletion method, as CT bound poorly to cells transfected with either of the two P3-deficient CTRs (one lacking the P3 region and the other lacking P3 but having the P3 sequence in reverse orientation). These data suggest that the third intracellular loop and the C-tail in CTR have domain-specific roles in Gs activation and that the hybrid receptor approach used here, combined with a conventional mutagenesis approach, is useful for intact cell analysis and functional dissection of G protein-coupled receptors.