Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H T Ford

Publications and source records attributed to H T Ford.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of selected physical activities on health-related fitness and psychological well-being.

To determine the effects of participation in selected physical activities on scores of self-concept, body-cathexis and four items of health-related fitness, 88 women in university physical education service classes participated 3 hr. per week for 8 wk. in one of five activities (aerobic dance, jogging for fitness, swimming for fitness, life saving, and weight training). A total of 108 subjects participated in the study, with 20 students in health science classes serving as the controls. Few differences were noted between the activity groups and the controls on the posttest with pretest scores controlled. Specifically, joggers and aerobic dancers performed significantly more situps than did the controls, and joggers, aerobic dancers, weight trainers, and those in the lifesaving group displayed significantly greater flexibility on the sit and reach test than did the controls, on the posttest. None of the activity groups differed from the controls regarding self-esteem, body cathexis, body fat, or the step test scores at posttest.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Prospective randomised trial of tamoxifen versus surgery in elderly patients with breast cancer.

116 patients aged 70 or over who were judged to have surgically resectable cancer of the breast were prospectively randomised to tamoxifen 20 mg daily or surgical resection. At a median follow-up of three years, local relapse or progression was seen in 15 (25%) of 60 patients in the tamoxifen group and 21 (37.5%) of 56 in the surgical arm. Distant metastases occurred in 8 (13%) in the tamoxifen group and in 10 (18%) in the surgical arm. There were 13 deaths in the tamoxifen group and 11 in the surgical arm, of which 8 and 9, respectively, were attributable to breast cancer. Disease-free survival did not differ between the groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Prediction of endocrine response in breast cancer by immunocytochemical detection of oestrogen receptor in fine-needle aspirates.

An immunocytochemical technique has been developed to detect the oestrogen receptor (ER) in samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration of primary or secondary breast carcinoma tissue. 45 (75%) of 60 samples contained sufficient cells for analysis. 19 (90%) of 21 patients who responded to endocrine therapy had samples with ER-positive cells compared with only 7 (39%) of 18 of those who did not respond (p less than 0.001). This test, which causes little pain to the patient and does not need a surgical biopsy, is as accurate as any other method of predicting the response to endocrine treatment in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of emesis in patients receiving cytotoxic drugs by GR38032F, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

15 patients receiving cytotoxic drugs (other than cisplatin) that had previously produced nausea and vomiting refractory to first-line antiemetics were given a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (GR38032F), 4 mg intravenously and 4 mg orally, immediately before chemotherapy, the oral dose being repeated 5 and 10 h later. Nausea, vomiting, and side-effects were recorded for the ensuing 24 h. The 15 patients received a total of thirty-one courses of chemotherapy. Only 1 patient vomited. The only adverse events were dryness of the mouth in 1 patient, mild sedation in 1, and diarrhoea in 1, and these were not clearly drug related.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Adjuvant aminoglutethimide therapy for postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer.

Three hundred and twenty-two postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer and ipsilateral axillary node involvement were randomized to receive aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone or placebo for 2 years in a double blind randomized trial between April 1980 and March 1985. Two hundred and eighty-six patients were eligible for the study of whom 145 received active drug and 141 received placebo. At the present time significantly fewer patients have relapsed or died without previous relapse in the treatment arm (P = 0.002); 43 of 145 (30%) patients receiving aminoglutethimide have relapsed or died compared with 63 of 141 (40%) of those receiving placebo. Local recurrence is also significantly reduced (P = 0.002) since only 6 patients receiving active treatment developed local recurrence compared to 21 receiving placebo. Side effects were severe enough to necessitate complete withdrawal or reduction of therapy in 27 of 145 (19%) in the treatment arm of the study compared with 21 of 141 (15%) in the placebo arm. A single treatment-related death occurred, due to agranulocytosis. Aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone therefore delay relapse after surgery for primary breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is too early to assess any effect on overall survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Oral 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, a new endocrine treatment for disseminated breast cancer.

Thirty-one post-menopausal female patients, with locally advanced or disseminated breast cancer were treated with the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione given orally at a dose of 500 mg daily. Twenty-nine patients had assessable disease. Eight patients (28%) had objective evidence of partial response and six remain in remission 7-10 months later. A further four patients (14%) had stabilisation of disease and 11 patients (37%) had progressive disease in spite of treatment. Plasma oestradiol levels were measured throughout therapy in 16 patients and were lowered to 53% +/- 8% of baseline levels within 7 days of commencing 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. With regard to toxicity, one patient developed a transient skin rash and another patient some facial swelling. A further patient developed a transient leucopaenia and treatment was therefore discontinued. Twenty-seven of the 30 evaluable patients (90%) experienced no side effects. These results indicate that oral administration of 4-hydroxyandrostenedione is an acceptable new treatment for post-menopausal women with disseminated breast cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Carboplatin (Paraplatin; JM8) and etoposide (VP-16) as first-line combination therapy for small-cell lung cancer.

Fifty-two previously untreated patients with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were treated with a combination of carboplatin 300 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 IV on days 1 through 3 every 28 days for four courses. Patients with limited disease (LD) subsequently received thoracic radiotherapy; no prophylactic cranial radiotherapy was used. Forty-four patients (85%) achieved an objective response, including 82% (29% complete remissions) of LD patients and 88% (13% complete remissions) of extensive-disease (ED) patients. Median response duration for LD patients was 7 months and 5.5 months for ED patients. Median survival for both LD and ED patients was 9.5 months. Myelosuppression was the main toxicity, with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3/4 leucopenia occurring in 44% of patients. There was one (2%) treatment-related neutropenic death. Treatment was otherwise well tolerated, and in particular no renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, or ototoxicity was seen. This new combination is highly active in terms of response rate, but response duration and survival is disappointing, and might be improved by prolonged treatment or by the use of additional drugs in combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Oral gestrinone: a novel antiprogestin with no antitumor activity in endocrine-sensitive breast cancer.

We have treated 15 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer using the synthetic 19-norsteroid gestrinone (2.5 mg orally every 3 days). All patients had assessable disease and endocrine-sensitive tumors, as defined by a previous positive response to endocrine therapy. There were no objective responses. Six patients had disease stabilization and nine had progressive disease on treatment. Seven patients were given endocrine therapy after gestrinone and three have responded. Gestrinone has no significant antitumor activity in hormone-sensitive breast cancer. This, however, does not preclude its use in benign breast disease, particularly since other agents used for benign breast disease can mask occult primary carcinoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

CNS relapse despite prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

CNS relapse after PCI may reflect either suboptimal radiation dose schedules or reseeding from other sites of active disease. A retrospective study has been undertaken to investigate these alternative mechanisms of treatment failure. Between August 1981 and December 1983, 30 patients with SCLC treated by induction chemotherapy, followed by high-dose cyclophosphamide (7 Gm/m2), were selected for PCI on the basis of clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic CR. Pretreatment CT brain scans were normal in all patients, and 20 Gy mid-plane dose in 5 daily fractions were delivered by lateral fields to whole brain using megavoltage X rays and localizing check films. Progressive focal neurological signs of cranial metastases developed in 7/30 (23%) patients 3-11 months after PCI, confirmed on CT scanning in 4 patients. Relapse at other sites, predominantly the thorax, occurred in all seven patients at intervals of 1-6 months prior to CNS relapse. Published clinical data of tumor volume doubling times in SCLC predict longer CNS relapse-free intervals after PCI than those observed in our patients if reseeding was responsible for relapse. This suggests that incomplete eradication of intracranial disease is the main cause of CNS relapse after PCI. Higher equivalent radiation doses may improve the results of PCI.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Morbidity of cranial relapse in small cell lung cancer and the impact of radiation therapy.

Thirty-nine of 225 patients with small cell lung cancer developed brain metastases after the initiation of chemotherapy. Treatment with high-dose dexamethasone in all 39 patients and cranial irradiation in 32 patients resulted in a complete neurological recovery in only eight of 39 patients (20%). Twenty-one of 39 patients (53%) failed to derive lasting benefit from their palliative treatment. Thirteen of 24 patients with limited disease with cranial relapse had no clinical evidence of other distant metastases prior to death and in these patients the CNS disease was an important cause of morbidity. On the basis of this study, it appears that palliative treatment of overt cranial metastases is relatively unsuccessful and that patients with limited disease represent a group with much to gain from effective prophylactic cranial irradiation.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of micrometastases in bone marrow in patients with primary breast cancer.

Metastatic breast cancer cells were found in the bone marrow of 60 (23%) of 269 patients with primary breast cancer, none of whom had metastatic disease disclosed by any other investigation, including bone scanning and radiological skeletal survey. We estimated the number of cancer cells as less than or more than 20 cancer cells seen. Twenty-six patients had less than 20 cancer cells present, and 34 had 20 or more. At a median follow-up time of 22 months, 53 patients had relapsed, 19 of 60 (31.7%) in the group found to have micrometastases and 34 of 195 (17.2%) in the group that had normal bone marrow. Patients with micrometastases are relapsing at a faster rate than those without micrometastases (P = less than 0.05). Patients with less than 20 cancer cells present are relapsing faster than those with no cancer cells but slower than those with 20 or more cancer cells (P = less than 0.01). We conclude that the presence of cancer cells in the marrow at primary diagnosis is a prognostic factor in patients with primary breast cancer.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Survey of treatment of primary breast cancer in Great Britain.

A postal survey of current management of breast cancer among surgeons in Great Britain was carried out. The results showed that there is no consensus among surgeons about the treatment of primary breast cancer. Many different types of primary surgery are practised, and patterns of referral for postoperative radiotherapy vary widely. Adjuvant systemic treatment is given often by some surgeons and not at all by others. Few patients are entered into controlled randomised trials.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

High-dose cyclophosphamide with autologous bone marrow rescue after conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma.

Within an original consecutive series of 94 patients, 36 eligible patients with small cell lung carcinoma were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide 7 g/m2 after conventional chemotherapy with VP16, adriamycin, and vincristine. The first 17 also underwent autologous bone marrow rescue. Treatment was well tolerated apart from one treatment-related death. Measurable tumour was still present in 15 patients before high-dose cyclophosphamide, and although 12 (80%) of these achieved further tumour response, these responses were all short-lived, with a median duration of 9 weeks. In 14 limited-disease patients already in complete remission before high-dose therapy the initial result was better, but 11 (79%) have now relapsed following overall median response duration of 10 months. High-dose cyclophosphamide after conventional chemotherapy is feasible and achieves a high response rate, but it does not appear to be associated with significant survival benefit either overall or in patient subgroup.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carboplatin: a very active new cisplatin analog in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Carboplatin, a cisplatin analog without significant clinical nephrotoxicity, has been evaluated in the treatment of 56 patients with small cell lung carcinoma at a dose of 300-400 mg/m2 iv monthly in a phase II study. Twenty-three patients (41%) achieved a response, including five (9%) complete remissions. Of 30 previously untreated patients, 18 (60%) achieved a response, including three (10%) complete remissions. Median response duration was 4.5 months (range, 2-9). No nephrotoxicity was seen and hydration was not required. Nausea or vomiting occurred in only 24 patients (43%) and was rarely severe. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting: 20 patients (36%) developed leukopenia and eight (14%) developed thrombocytopenia, but leukopenic infections occurred in only three patients. Carboplatin is a very active new agent in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, with less toxicity and better tolerance than cisplatin. It merits further investigation in combination chemotherapy and against non-small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of disseminated breast cancer with tamoxifen, aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone, and danazol, used in combination or sequentially.

222 patients with disseminated breast cancer have been randomised to receive either a combination of hormone therapies using tamoxifen, aminoglutethimide with hydrocortisone, and danazol (TAD), or tamoxifen alone. The response to the combination was significantly better (43%) than that to tamoxifen alone (31%). Patients who relapsed after response or failed to respond to tamoxifen were subsequently treated with aminoglutethimide and then, if possible, with danazol. Some patients who received TAD were subsequently treated with alternative endocrine therapy, which was usually medroxyprogesterone acetate. Of the 111 patients who initially received tamoxifen, 43 responded to the tamoxifen and/or subsequent endocrine therapy. Of the 111 patients who initially received TAD, 50 responded. Although the duration of response to TAD was the same as for tamoxifen, the TAD patients achieved remission more quickly. The total time in endocrine remission for patients receiving TAD is 303 months to date, compared with 264 months for patients receiving tamoxifen. Survival for patients randomised to receive TAD or tamoxifen is the same.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1984

Mitomycin C, melphalan and methotrexate combination chemotherapy for palliation of disseminated breast cancer.

Fifty-seven patients with metastatic breast carcinoma have been treated with mitomycin C (10 mg/m2 IV 6-weekly), melphalan (6 mg/m2 PO X 3 days, 3-weekly), and methotrexate (35 mg/m2 IV 3-weekly) to assess the efficacy and toxicity of this regimen. Of 48 evaluable patients 19 (40%) responded for a median period of 5 months and 12 (25%) had stabilisation of disease. Of the 12 patients previously treated with adriamycin only one responded, whereas 18 of the 36 patients without previous chemotherapy responded. Although healing of bone metastases was infrequent control of hypercalcaemia was commonly seen. Generally the treatment was well tolerated and treatment was stopped in only five patients because of toxicity. Cumulative marrow toxicity was observed but was not a significant problem in the first 6 months of treatment. Mitomycin C, melphalan, and methotrexate (MMM) appears to provide an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination for metastatic breast carcinoma.

Adult↗