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Biomedical subjects

H Swoboda

Publications and source records attributed to H Swoboda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Salivary gland tumors. Clinical aspects and therapy].

Salivary gland tumors are rare. One-fifth are malignant. The parotid is the gland most often affected, particularly in adenomas. Adenomas and carcinomas are tumors that occur in adulthood; angiomas are the tumors that occur most frequently in childhood. Other than their localization, salivary gland tumors have few specific signs. In the clinical examination the locoregional and functional presentation is evaluated. Imaging studies refine or correct the clinical diagnosis, primarily by visualizing the deeper planes. Morphological diagnosis in benign lesions depends on resection results; in malignant lesions additional intraoperative frozen section is needed, and in questionable cases incisional biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology may provide valuable knowledge when planning therapy. Limited parotid tumors are resected by lateral or subtotal parotidectomy. Carcinomas are resected as needed, with neck dissection added in case of lymph-node involvement. Small adenoid cystic carcinomas can be treated curatively by very wide resection. Aggressive and extensive tumors are irradiated postoperatively. Malignancies not operated upon are irradiated primarily. Facial nerve paralysis can be rehabilitated by different nerve repair or static surgical techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Preclinical detection of initial vestibulocochlear abnormalities in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

A 49-year-old woman presented with a third-degree continuous spontaneous nystagmus to the left which was followed by a sudden, almost complete deafness of her left ear. These symptoms were established as the sole initial presenting manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a lesion within the left eight nerve root-entry zone and multiple small central lesions beneath the lateral ventricles. Pure-tone audiometry returned to normalcy after 2 weeks and speech discrimination was 100% after 10 weeks. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) showed abnormal parameters during a 10-month follow-up period after the acute hearing loss. Furthermore, desynchronization in ABR testing could be demonstrated 2 days before onset of hearing loss, which was interpreted as a prodromal ABR sign of the incipient MS attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fine structure of the tendon of the human stapedius muscle: comparison of normals and clinically otosclerotic patients.

The tendon of the human stapedius muscle was studied in normal post mortem material and in clinical otosclerotic patients, using light and electron microscopy. Cross section profiles of collagen fibrils were measured in various regions of the tendon and the amount of elastin was estimated. The normal stapedius tendon consisted of three concentrically arranged portions: A cylindrical central part, a tube-like mid-portion, and a cortical layer. The central part was made up of collagen fibrils with only a few elastic fibers, the mid-portion contained collagen fibrils together with significantly more elastic material, while the cortical layer, again, showed a smaller amount of elastic fibers. Mean diameters of collagen fibrils in the central part of the tendon were 65.12 +/- 11.89 nm, in the intermediate layer 41.00 +/- 9.63 nm, and in the cortical layer 70.28 +/- 19.58 nm. Stapedius tendons from clinically otosclerotic patients, though showing the same construction, were characterized by significantly altered collagen fibrillar diameters (Mann-Whitney U-test). In the central part, mean diameters were reduced to 61.05 +/- 14.70 nm, in the mid-portion increased to 50.90 +/- 10.08 nm, and in the cortical layer reduced to 61.09 +/- 8.49 nm. The changes of collagen cross section profiles estimated for the entire tendon were significant as well: 59.68 +/- 18.74 nm in controls versus 57.82 +/- 12.53 nm in otosclerotic patients. Elastin content in the mid-portion of control stapedius tendons increased with age (13% at 35 years of age to 35% at 70 years of age).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Specificity of auditory brainstem response audiometry criteria in acoustic neuroma screening as a function of deviations of reference values in patients with cochlear hearing loss.

On the basis of 79 patients with cochlear hearing loss, the statistical distribution of two criteria commonly used in auditory brainstem response audiometry (ABR) was analyzed: the interaural V latency difference (ILD V) and the interaural difference of I-V interpeak interval (ID I-V). The distribution of both criteria was Gaussian. By evaluating their standard deviations the percentages of statistical false-positives were estimated. The estimated results were 24% false-positive findings using the decision criterion ILD V greater than 0.2 ms and 5.4% false-positive findings using ID I-V greater than 0.3 ms. This corresponds closely to the actual false-positive ABR rates obtained in this sample: 21.5% and 6.3%, respectively. In a separate series of 301 unselected cases with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, 29 ABRs were suspect for retrocochlear pathology. In 20 patients, ABRs were absent due to severe hearing loss. Retrocochlear pathology could be confirmed in only 2 cases (both from the group with ABR present). Thus, 47 ABRs (15.7% of 299) were false-positive.

Cochlear Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Tobacco-related cancer in relation to prevalence of drinking and smoking in eastern Austria.

Eastern Austrian regional mortality patterns of oral cancer (oral cavity, pharynx and larynx) and oesophageal, lung and urinary bladder cancer were compared to smoker rates and to liver cirrhosis mortality by type of residence: Vienna (1.7 x 10(6) inhabitants), middle towns (50,000-100,000 and 10,000-50,000 inhabitants), small towns (2000-10,000 inhabitants) and rural areas categorized by agrarian quota less than or equal to 10%, 10%-20% and greater than 20%. The study area (Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland) covers 23,600 km2 with 3.23 x 10(6) inhabitants. In men, liver cirrhosis correlated negatively with smoker rates (r = 0.74, P = 0.1). Deaths from oral cancer and oesophageal cancer correlated significantly with deaths from liver cirrhosis (r = 0.81, P = 0.03; r = 0.78, P = 0.04, respectively) but not with smoker rates; lung cancer and bladder cancer correlated significantly with smoker rates (r = 0.91, P = 0.01; r0.83, P = 0.04, respectively), but not with liver cirrhosis. In women, similar urban-rural gradients for all parameters resulted in a positive correlation between liver cirrhosis and smoker rates (r = 0.59, P = 0.22) and a significant correlation of lung cancer with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.75, P = 0.05). Oral cancer correlated significantly with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.83, P = 0.02), but not with smoker rates; lung cancer correlated more significantly with smoker rates (r = 0.92, P = 0.01) than with liver cirrhosis; bladder cancer correlated positively with smoker rates (r = 0.70, P = 0.12). Geographical distribution of oral and oesophageal cancer in Eastern Austria seems thus to be highly subject to the prevalence of heavy drinking. Sociocultural influences upon the occurrence of these cancers seem to be mediated through drinking habits rather than through smoking habits alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Expression of cathepsin D in head and neck cancer.

To determine overexpression of cathepsin D in head and neck tumours we examined cytosols from 53 primary tumours, nine cytosols of lymph node metastases and 12 cytosols from adjacent normal tissue. We found a significantly lower concentration in normal tissue compared with tumour cytosol as well as with metastases, even when we compared tumours and corresponding metastases pairwise. In addition, we found a significantly higher concentration of cathepsin D in five lymph node metastases than in the corresponding tumours. We conclude that the reported role of cathepsin D is not restricted to breast cancer but could also be important in head and neck cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Aspergilloma in the frontal sinus expanding into the orbit.

A case of primary frontal sinus aspergilloma in a 79 year old non-immunocompromised woman, who presented with a right sided pyocele expanding into the orbit, is presented. The low susceptibility of the frontal sinus is probably related to the brachycephalic shape of the human skull which locates this sinus far anterosuperiorly to the nasal cavity. In human frontal sinus aspergillosis nasal symptoms are absent; the clinical manifestation of this rare disease is initiated by complications, especially orbital or intracranial invasion. Sinus opacity may raise early suspicion. Treatment consists of surgical debridement and re-aeration. Diagnosis is established by histological analysis of intraluminal contents.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of cancer of the respiratory and upper digestive tract in urban and rural eastern Austria.

The incidence of head and neck, oesophagus and lung cancer between 1981 and 1985 was studied in Eastern Austria for an urban-rural division. In males, rural rates of oral cavity, oropharynx and oesophagus tumours were higher than urban rates. For lung tumours, urban rates slightly exceeded rural rates. In females, the incidence of oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, oesophagus and lung cancer showed an urban predominance, steepest for head and neck and oesophagus cancers. Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus and lung had a high male preponderance.

Austria↗
PubMed1991

[The development of endogenous inner ear hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure].

Pure tone audiograms of 80 workmen with preexisting endogenous cochlear hearing loss were investigated over an average of 16 years (range 10 to 26) of occupational exposure to noise. Further hearing deterioration was moderate in the majority of cases more severe hearing losses more often affected the low tone range. The pure tone threshold 0.25 to 8 kHz remained unaltered in at least one ear in 24% of cases, in the high tone range 3 to 6 kHz in 51%. The average hearing loss was least at 3 kHz, followed by 4 kHz. The average hearing loss was somewhat greater in the initially better hearing ear. Differences between the two sides mostly developed in the high and the low tone region of trough-shaped thresholds, and in the low tone region of sloping thresholds. Hearing losses were greater when preexisting impairment did not exceed 30 dB HL than in preexisting damage over 30 dB HL. The average hearing losses for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kHz were all lower than the respective average values for noise-induced hearing loss. Thus there was no evidence of increased noise susceptibility in endogenous cochlear hearing loss, either in comparison with controls or in a comparison of the sides or frequency ranges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Frequency dependence of the SISI test.(short increment sensitivity index). Clinical examples].

Experimental data on the influence of test frequency on the SISI-score are controversial. Comparability is limited by the diversity of experimental conditions. In a series of cases of pancochlear sudden hearing loss SISI-scores at 0.5 kHz and 3 kHz were compared. Some examples show that the sensitivity of the SISI-test at 0.5 kHz is much lower to that at 3 kHz. Low SISI-scores, of little evidence per se, have to be considered very critically in the low pitch range.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the respiratory and upper digestive tract in Austria].

Between 1981 and 1985 the incidence of malignant tumours of the buccal cavity and mesopharynx, the larynx and hypopharynx and of the oesophagus in males was higher in the mainly rural Burgenland and Lower Austria than in Vienna. In lung tumours a slight urban-rural gradient tended to level out (Tables 1-4). In women, the cancer incidence on all locations showed an urban-rural gradient, steeper in the buccal cavity and mesopharynx, in the larynx and hypopharynx and in the oesophagus than in lung tumours (Tables 1-4). Cancer incidence in the nasal and paranasal cavities, middle ear, epipharynx, salivary glands and lips was low. Sex ratios, lips excepted, were lower than in other sites studied (Tab. 6). In Eastern Austria the mortality of malignant neoplasms of the mouth and pharynx in males increased steadily from 1960 to 1987. In laryngeal and oesophageal cancer no persistent trend was discernible. The lung cancer mortality decreased from the mid-seventies onwards (Figs. 1-2). In women, the lung cancer mortality increased continuously, and for some years now also that of the mouth and pharynx. Cancer of the oesophagus decreased, and laryngeal cancer mortality showed nearly constant rates (Figs. 5-6).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The latency behavior of early auditory evoked potentials in high frequency hearing loss].

We evaluated the auditory evoked brainstem responses of 53 patients with unilateral or bilateral (79 ears) high-frequency hearing loss of cochlear origin, to see whether the reduction of I-V latency difference in high-frequency hearing loss that has been described by several authors, was present in our patients. We were able to confirm that in high-frequency hearing loss wave I-latency is significantly positively correlated with the degree of hearing loss. The I-V latency difference is significantly negatively correlated with the degree of hearing loss at 2000 Hz.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1990

Determination of HER-2/neu amplification and expression in tumor tissue and cultured cells using a simple, phenol free method for nucleic acid isolation.

A rapid, simple and non-toxic procedure for the simultaneous isolation of DNA and RNA from tumor tissue and cells grown in vitro is described. Guanidinium isothiocyanate was used for homogenization of tumor tissue and for cell lysis. Separation of proteins, DNA and RNA was carried out by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium trifluoroacetate. DNA was further purified by salting out residual protein. Nucleic acids prepared by this method from 47 primary human carcinomas and 17 human cell lines were analysed for amplification and expression of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene. 2- to 10-fold amplification of HER-2/neu was noted in 7/22 mammary carcinomas (32%) and in 4/14 ovarian carcinomas (28%). No amplification of the proto-oncogene was found in 4 laryngeal carcinomas, 1 pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 retrolingual carcinomas, 3 gastric carcinomas and 1 kidney carcinoma. HER-2/neu overexpression was observed in 6/22 of mammary carcinomas (27%) and 7/14 of ovarian carcinomas (50%). No overexpression was found in all other carcinomas studied. Concordance between amplification and overexpression was noted in 3 mammary and 4 ovarian carcinomas, respectively. 3 mammary and 3 ovarian carcinomas showed overexpression without amplification. 5 human mammary carcinoma cell lines showed both amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu. In two mammary carcinoma cell lines (MDA MB-453 and ZR 75-1) overexpression was noted without amplification of the proto-oncogene. These data combine to suggest that mechanisms other than gene amplification may also lead to overexpression of the HER-2/neu protooncogene in cancer cells.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

[Therapy of juvenile angiofibroma].

We describe 12 juvenile angiofibromas treated predominantly by surgical excision. The course of the disease and therapy are analysed. Four interventions on 3 patients were done after pre-operative embolization. Superselective digital subtraction arteriography allowed detailed analysis of all feeding vessels, and a search for anastomoses between extra- and intracranial arteries and endarterial occlusion of tumour vessels. Intra-operative blood loss was reduced and visibility in the field of operation was improved.

Adolescent↗