Biomedical subjects

H Sugita

Publications and source records attributed to H Sugita.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding.

This study elucidates the immune modulation including the expression of cytokine genes following dietary administration of three selected probiotic bacteria--Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis to fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. They were fed for 45 days on either a basal control diet or one of the three probiotic diets containing the specific bacteria in freeze-dried form at a density of 10(9)CFUgfeed-1. The non-specific immune parameters examined--superoxide anion production by the head kidney leukocytes and the alternate complement activity of serum was improved by probiotic feeding. Besides this, the relative gene expressions of interleukin-1beta1, tumor necrosis factor 1 and 2 and transforming growth factor-beta were up regulated in the spleen and the head kidney. The comparatively better performance of E. faecium could possibly be linked to their suitable ambient temperature conditions. Thus, probiotic bacteria delivered in feed exerts its influence on the immune system of fish, both at cellular and molecular levels.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2006

Purification and characterization of chitinases from Clostridium sp. E-16 isolated from the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens).

AIMS: This study was undertaken to examine the properties of chitinases purified from Clostridium sp. E-16, an intestinal bacterium of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). We also elucidated the taxonomic status of this bacterium to better understand the role of intestinal anaerobic bacteria in marine animals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two chitinases were purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis from culture supernatant fluid from Clostridium sp. E-16. Molecular mass was estimated to be 77 kDa for chitinase 1 and 98 kDa for chitinase 2 by SDS-PAGE. Optimum pH of both purified chitinases was between 5.0 and 7.0. Chitinase 1 was inhibited with Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Hg(2+) and Zn(2+), while chitinase 2 was inhibited with Fe(2+). Phylogenetic analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences and phenotypic characterization revealed that Clostridium sp. E-16 was closely related to Clostridium baratii. CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that chitinases from C. baratii or a C. baratii-like bacterium play an important role in degradation of chitin in the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion and in marine environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report of chitinase purification and characterization from a marine Clostridium strain.

Chitinases↗

PubMed2006

Identification of intestinal bacteria from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and their ability to digest chitin.

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to clarify the taxonomic status of intestinal bacteria isolated from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and describe their ability to digest chitin. METHODS AND RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences showed that 82 representative isolates were closely related to three major species of marine vibrios, Vibrio scophthalmi-Vibrio ichthyoenteri group (41 isolates), Vibrio fischeri (39 isolates) and Vibrio harveyi (two isolates), with similarities of 97.2-99.8%, 96.4-100% and 98.6-99.5% respectively. These findings indicate that V. scophthalmi-V. ichthyoenteri group is indigenous to the intestinal tract of Japanese flounder. Moreover, the ability of 82 isolates to digest chitin was examined using the agar plate method and PCR amplification of the chiA gene. The two V. harveyi isolates and 36 of 41 V. scophthalmi-V. ichthyoenteri isolates digested chitin and were chiA PCR positive, whereas all 39 V. fischeri isolates digested chitin but were chiA PCR negative. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal bacteria from Japanese flounder were mainly composed of Vibrio scophthalmi-V. ichthyoenteri group and V. fischeri. Taken together, the results showed that 81 of 82 isolates could digest chitin. However, only 38 of these isolates possessed a chiA homologue which could be identified by PCR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present study shows that Japanese flounder harbours bacteria of the V. scophthalmi-V. ichthyoenteri group, and these results are similar to what has been found for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Immune responses in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136.

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementing a suggested probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136 in feed on immune response and gut flora composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The probiotic bacteria were incorporated into a commercial feed to constitute two experimental diets containing either 10(9) or 10(11) colony forming unit of live bacteria/g of feed while a third diet without the bacterial supplement served as the control diet. The diets were offered to rainbow trout (75g average weight) in triplicate tanks for 30 days. Fish were sampled at 10, 20 and 30 days after commencement of the feeding trial to determine the proportion of the given probiont in the gut microflora composition and the nonspecific humoral and cellular immune responses on the 30th day. The relative proportion of the probiont increased with the feeding duration in the intestine, but not in the stomach. The proportion of L. rhamnosus in the stomach corresponded to the intake levels while no such relation existed in the intestine. The serum lysozyme and complement activities were significantly greater in fish fed the higher level of probiont compared with the control fish. The phagocytic activity of head kidney leucocytes also showed similar tendencies. These observations indicate the potential immuno-regulatory role of probiotic organisms in rainbow trout.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed2004

Induced radioactivity in CU targets produced by high-energy heavy ions and the corresponding estimated photon dose rates.

Irradiation experiments were performed at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) facility, National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The radioactive spallation products in a thick Cu target were obtained for Ar(230, 400 MeV per nucleon), Si(800 MeV per nucleon), Ne(100, 230, 400 MeV per nucleon), C(100, 230, 400 MeV per nucleon), He(100, 230 MeV per nucleon), p(100, 230 MeV) ions. The gamma-ray spectra from irradiated Cu samples inserted into the composite Cu target were measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. From the gamma-ray spectra, we obtained the spatial distribution of radioactive yields of spallation products of 40 nuclides in the Cu sample in the Cu target. From the spatial distribution of radioactive yields, we estimated the residual activity and photon dose induced in the Cu target. The residual activity and photon dose become larger with the increase in projectile energy per nucleon and the range of the projectile beam for the same projectile energy per nucleon.

Copper↗

PubMed2004

Clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign giant cell tumour of bone with pulmonary metastases: case series.

PURPOSE: Giant cell tumour of bone with pulmonary metastases is rare. However, some patients die of pulmonary metastases, and histological examination cannot distinguish between benign tumour and malignant metastases. In this study, we present clinical and immunohistochemical findings associated with giant cell tumour of bone with pulmonary metastases. METHODS: Five patients with benign giant cell tumour of bone with pulmonary metastases (one man and 4 women) were studied. Patients' ages ranged between 20 and 23 years (mean age, 21.8 years). Tumours were in the distal femur in 2 cases, and in the proximal tibia, distal tibia, and lumbar spine in one case each. The tissue specimens from primary tumours, recurrent tumours, and pulmonary metastases were studied using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: Three of the 5 primary tumours were of the spontaneous regression or growth cessation type, or the continuously slow-growing type, showing 4.2% to 6.2% of positive cells for Ki-67 after immunohistochemical staining. However, 2 patients with the rapid-growing type of disease died of pulmonary metastases; their primary, recurrent, and metastatic tumour specimens contained 9.0% to 11.5% of positive cells for Ki-67. CONCLUSION: Three of the 5 primary tumours had a benign clinical pattern and immunohistochemistry. Two of the 5 patients died of pulmonary metastases, which had an aggressive clinical pattern and a high prevalence of positive cells in Ki-67. Examination of Ki-67 should be carried out for aggressive type of giant cell tumour.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Surgical management of malignant soft tissue tumours in patients aged 65 years or older.

OBJECTIVE: With the aim to determine the most effective treatment for primary malignant musculoskeletal tumours in patients aged 65 years or older, we reviewed cases of low- and high-grade neoplasms, surgical margins, surgical methods, and the prognoses of elderly and aged patients at our institution. METHODS: Records of 25 patients aged 65 years or older who had malignant soft tissue tumours from December 1986 to February 1997 were reviewed. Low- and high-grade neoplasms accounted for 8 and 17 patients, respectively. 11 patients were aged 65 to 69 years, while 14 were 70 years or older. Surgical margins were wide in 19 cases, marginal in 4, and intralesional in 2. Reconstruction was done using 6 musculocutaneous flaps and/or 4 vessel grafts. As adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy was used in 5 cases and chemotherapy in 3. There was no recurrence in patients with wide surgical margins (determined on the basis of gross inspection of the excised tumour and the cut surface); but there was recurrence in 4 patients with marginal margins, and one patient with intralesional margin. Two patients with intralesional, 4 with marginal, and 2 with wide margins, died from recurrence at the primary site and metastasis, or from metastasis without recurrence at the primary site. RESULTS: Follow-up periods ranged from 4 months to 180 months (mean, 91.6 months). The overall 5-year survival rate was 79.6%; for low- and high-grade neoplasms, the figures were 100% and 69.7%, respectively; for those aged 65 to 69 years and in their 70's or older, the figures were 90.9% and 70.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: For geriatric patients, wide surgical margins are required to manage both low- and high-grade neoplasms, in order to avoid multiple surgeries.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

Photorearrangement of vinylidenecyclopropanes to 1,2,3-butatriene derivatives.

[reaction: see text] Photoirradiation of benzene solutions containing 1-diarylvinylidene-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanes (2a--d) afforded rearranged products 1,2,3-butatrienes (3a-d) in good to high yields. Photorearrangement from 2,2,3-trimethyl and 2,2- and 2,3-dimethyl derivatives 2e--g also proceeded, but the rates of the rearrangement were lower than those of 2a--d. A singlet mechanism is proposed for this photorearrangement, where alkyl migration occurs from 1,3-biradical intermediates generated via the homolysis of the C1-C2 bond. Generation of diarylvinylidene carbenes from 1,3-biradicals might be competitive with the formation of 3.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Genetic mutations in exons 3 and 4 of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in patients with pancreatitis.

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that mutations in the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene could promote autodigestion, leading to acute or chronic pancreatitis. Our investigation involved mutation analysis of the PSTI gene in patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: Mutation analysis for the PSTI gene was performed in patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis. Unrelated healthy volunteers and family members of a chronic pancreatitis patient with point mutations in the PSTI gene were also analyzed. RESULTS: Two types of single-point mutation in the PSTI gene were observed in one patient with chronic pancreatitis: 34Asn (AAT)-to-Ser (AGT) (101 A > G N34S: N34S) in exon 3, and 67Arg (CGC)-to-Cys (TGC) (199 C > T R67C: R67C) in exon 4. No mutations with amino-acid substitution were found in other patients or in the volunteer group. In the patient with the PSTI gene mutations, no additional mutations were observed in the cationic trypsinogen gene. The family study revealed that the mother and a maternal uncle were homozygotes for the N34S mutation, while the father and brother were compound heterozygotes for the N34S and R67C mutations. The uncle (N34S/N34S) showed clinical manifestations of pancreatitis, but the other family members did not. CONCLUSIONS: The N34S mutation may cause a predisposition to pancreatitis, with incomplete penetrance. However, with the limited information available, it is not known whether the R67C mutation promotes pancreatitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Long-term denervation impairs insulin receptor substrate-1-mediated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.

Long-term denervation is associated with insulin resistance. To investigate the molecular bases of insulin resistance, the downstream signaling molecules of insulin receptor including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) were examined in skeletal muscle of rats after 7 days of denervation. Long-term denervation attenuated insulin-stimulated activation of the initial steps of the intracellular signaling pathway. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor was reduced to 36% (P < .005), as was the phosphorylation of IRS-1 to 34% (P < .0001) of control. While insulin receptor protein level was unchanged, the protein expression of IRS-1 was significantly decreased in denervated muscles. Insulin-stimulated percent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, normalized to the IRS-1 protein expression, was also reduced to 55% (P < .01) of control in denervated muscle. Denervation caused a decline in the insulin-induced binding of p85 regulatory subunit of PI 3-K to IRS-1 to 61% (P < .001) and IRS-1-associated PI 3-K activity to 57% (P < .01). These results provide evidence that long-term denervation results in insulin resistance because of derangements at multiple points, including tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and its downstream signaling molecule, IRS-1, protein expression of IRS-1, and activation of PI 3-K.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Prognosis of subacutely progressive interstitial pneumonia depends on the presence of focal usual interstitial pneumonia].

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on patients with subacutely progressive interstitial pneumonia who underwent surgical biopsy. Pathologically, they were subclassified into subacute interstitial pneumonia (SIP) and SIP + F, which consisted of an SIP lesion and a focal usual interstitial pneumonia. The SIP group consisted of 35 cases and the SIP + F group, of 15 cases. The majority of patients in both groups were female and complained of dyspnea. Both groups showed increased neutrophil counts (8.8%, 6.3%), eosinophils (6%, 5.6%), and lymphocytes (43.1%, 42.3%) in bronchoalveolar lavage. Chest radiography generally demonstrated predominant lower lobe involvement together with shrinkage in both groups, and differentiation of the two was difficult before biopsy. All but one improved temporarily with steroid therapy, or spontaneously, in both groups. On further observation after temporary improvement, 27 cases (82%), did not show any worsening and 6 cases (18%) showed worsening (including death) in the SIP group, while 6 cases (43%) showed no worsening, though 8 cases (57%) worsened in the SIP + F group. Deaths in either group that were not related to the original diseases were excluded from the statistical analysis. We concluded that the presence of focal usual interstitial pneumonia in SIP lesions affects prognosis in patients with subacutely progressive interstitial pneumonia.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

[A focal usual interstitial pneumonia lesion: an important risk factor in diffuse alveolar damage--acute exacerbation of a focal usual interstitial pneumonia patient].

The aim of this study was to clarify whether the presence of a focal usual interstitial pneumonia lesion (F-UIP) is a risk factor for diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Our subjects were 977 patients (681 males, 296 females, mean age, 64 years). The incidence of F-UIP increased significantly with age (between 50 and 60 years, 3% and 8%, p < 0.05; between 60 and 70 years, 8% and 14.1%, p < 0.05; and between 70 and 80 years, 14.1% and 27.9%, p < 0.01). The mean age of the non-UIP group was 64 years, and of the F-UIP group was 75 years, showing significance (p < 0.001). The incidence of DAD was higher in the F-UIP group (100 patients, 30%, p < 0.01) and the diffuse UIP group (60 patients, 30%, p < 0.01) than in the non-UIP group (817 patients, 5.3%). Although the causes of DAD were various, the presence of F-UIP was a important risk factor of DAD.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed2000

Neuraminidase-producing ability of intestinal bacteria isolated from coastal fish.

The neuraminidase-producing ability of bacteria from coastal fish intestines and their environments was determined using a fluorogenic substrate, 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Of 836 isolates examined, 758 (90.7%) produced little or no neuraminidase (< 0.0002 U ml-1) while 78 (9.3%) produced >/= 0.0002 U neuraminidase ml-1. Of note, 10% of vibrios from fish intestines could produce neuraminidases, and 9% did it efficiently. This result suggests that the vibrios capable of producing neuraminidases are able to colonize and establish in the intestinal tract of coastal fish to some extent. Additionally, as many as 58% of the Vibrio isolates with high abilities were tentatively identified as Vibrio damsela.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Immobilization depresses insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.

Prolonged immobilization depresses insulin-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle and leads to a catabolic state in the affected areas, with resultant muscle wasting. To elucidate the altered intracellular mechanisms involved in the insulin resistance, we examined insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta-subunit (IR-beta) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and activation of its further downstream molecule, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K), after unilateral hindlimb immobilization in the rat. The contralateral hindlimb served as control. After 7 days of immobilization of the rat, insulin was injected into the portal vein, and tibialis anterior muscles on both sides were extracted. Immobilization reduced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR-beta and IRS-1. Insulin-stimulated binding of IRS-1 to p85, the regulatory subunit of PI 3-K, and IRS-1-associated PI 3-K activity were also decreased in the immobilized hindlimb. Although IR-beta and p85 protein levels were unchanged, IRS-1 protein expression was downregulated by immobilization. Thus prolonged immobilization may cause depression of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle by altering insulin action at multiple points, including the tyrosine phosphorylation, protein expression, and activation of essential components of insulin signaling pathways.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Three cases of cat scratch disease diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay and/or polymerase chain reaction of 16S rRNA gene of Bartonella henselae.

Three suspected cases of cat scratch disease were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay and/or polymerase chain reaction. Patient 1 was a 10-year-old female who presented swelling of the right axillary [corrected] lymph nodes with pain and fever. She kept a kitten, and many scratches were observed on her both legs and dorsum manus. Antibody titers against Bartonella (B.) henselae were 1:32 for IgM 3 weeks after the onset of the symptoms and 1:64 for IgG 8 weeks after the onset. The DNA for 16S rRNA type I of B. henselae was detected from the blood sample obtained 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms by polymerase chain reaction for the first time in Japan. Patient 2 was a 22-year-old female veterinary student with a cat scratch at the bottom of her neck by a male kitten. She developed a papule at the scratch, slight fever, and neck pain. Although both Bartonella-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were negative before the scratch, the IgG antibody titer rose to 1:512 14 weeks after the onset. B. henselae was isolated from the kitten and its DNA found to be for 16S rRNA type I by PCR. Patient 3 was a 23-year-old female veterinary student with a cat scratch on her left forearm. A small reddish papule developed on the scratch, and she experienced swelling of the left axillary [corrected] lymph node and pain. Both the IgG and IgM antibodies against B. henselae were negative before the cat scratch, and the IgG titer rose significantly to 1:128 and 1:1,024 in 2 and 5 weeks, respectively, after the onset of the symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Purification, characterization, and amino acid sequence of an embryonic lectin in perivitelline fluid of the horseshoe crab.

Hemagglutinating activity in perivitelline fluid of the horseshoe crab embryo dramatically increases during the third and fourth molt of the embryo. A 27-kDa lectin, which we named tachylectin-P (TL-P), was newly identified in perivitelline fluid of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. TL-P preferentially agglutinated human A-type erythrocytes, and the activity was inhibited by N-acetyl group-containing monosaccharides. The amino acid sequence analysis indicated that TL-P is almost structurally the same as a hemocyte-derived lectin with no hemagglutinating activity, tachylectin-1 (TL-1), and that 218 out of 221 amino acid residues in total were conserved between the two lectins. Despite the high sequence similarity, biological and biochemical characteristics of TL-P differed from those of TL-1: (i) unlike TL-1, TL-P agglutinates several animal-derived erythrocytes; (ii) unlike TL-1, TL-P has no significant affinity for bacterial lipopolysaccharides or antibacterial activity; (iii) Based on apparent molecular masses determined by gel filtration, TL-P forms a dimer in solution, while TL-1 is present as a monomer; (iv) and TL-P interacts with endogenous proteins of 13 and 14 kDa present in the perivitelline fluid; however, neither has any affinity for TL-1. We propose that TL-P may have an important role in completing embryonic development by interacting with endogenous glycoproteins or N-acetylhexosamines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Anisotropy of osteoporotic cancellous bone.

To investigate the mechanism underlying femoral neck fracture, it is necessary to determine the various mechanical properties, including the bone strength, of the primary compressive group. We investigated the mechanical anisotrophy of the primary compressive group by comparing differences in its mechanical properties, depending on the loading direction. Twenty-three femoral heads of 20 female and 3 male patients with femoral neck fracture were studied. The mean age of these patients was 79.9 years (range, 63-98 years). A total of 82 cubic specimens (6.5 mm in length) were obtained (one to six specimens from each femoral head). The specimens obtained from each femoral head were randomly assigned into two groups: parallel and perpendicular. The parallel group included 43 specimens, and the perpendicular group included 39 specimens. A compressive load was applied either parallel or perpendicular to the primary compressive group of the specimens in each respective group. Three parameters were obtained: compressive stiffness, maximum stress, and maximum energy. We calculated the regression of three parameters against the square of the apparent dry density. These mechanical properties were compared between the two groups by testing the difference of the slopes in two regression lines by using analyses of covariance, in which two main effects of group (nominal value) and the square of the apparent dry density (continuous value) and an interaction between two factors were modeled. Three parameters were significantly correlated with the square of the apparent dry density in both groups. In all three measurements, the difference of the slopes between two regression lines was significantly different. This means that all three measurements decreased in the parallel group more than in the perpendicular one, as apparent dry density decreased. We consider that the bone strength of the proximal femur decreases more when stress is applied in the longitudinal direction (as in walking) and less when stress is applied in the transverse direction (as in a fall) when bone density decreases.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Six-months chemotherapy (2HRZS or E/4HRE) of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis--six year experiences on its effectiveness, toxicity, and acceptability].

The incidence of tuberculosis in Japan, 33.7 per 100,000 in 1997, is very high compared with USA or Western European countries. The decrease in the incidence has slowed down from the early 1980s, and the average annual rate of decrease has been 3.8% in the last 5 years. About 9 percent of tuberculosis patients defaulted from the nine-month regimen (6HRS or E/3HR) in urban areas. Regimens shorter than nine-month are needed to achieve high effectiveness of tuberculous chemotherapy. Out of 1128 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients, six-hundred twenty started treatment with six-month (2HRZS or E/4HRE) in Fukujuji Hospital, JATA, in Tokyo from January 1991 to December 1996. Out of 620, four-hundred twenty eight were both smear and culture positive, 136 were smear negative and culture positive and 56 were bacilli negative. Out of 564 bacilli positive cases, 530 were susceptible to INH and RFP. Out of 530 drug susceptible cases three hundred ninety-three patients completed the regimen. Ninety-three percent of these patients had converted to negative at two months of chemotherapy and all of them at five months. Out of 450, two-hundred ninety five completed 6-month regimen, one-hundred fifty-five were changed their regimen or prolonged duration of chemotherapy. Out of 295, nine patients (3.1%) relapsed after the completion of 6-month chemotherapy. Mean follow-up period was 17.2 months and the median was 15.5 months. The relapse rate was 2.2 per 100 person-years. Six of the relapsed cases were complicated with Diabetes Mellitus. Relapse rate was higher in patients with Diabetes Mellitus than in patients without (6/54, 7.9 per 100 person-years vs 3/237, 0.8 per 100 person-years) (p < 0.001). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity was defined as elevated serum transaminase level with clinical symptoms of hepatitis or elevated serum transaminase level more than 5 times of upper limit of normal range with or without symptoms. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity developed in 43 (8.0%) of 535 with initial normal liver function test results, this rate was similar to that in patients treated with nine-month regimen (34/420, 8.1%). But the frequency of hepatotoxicity of more than 400 IU/ml of serum transaminase level was higher in patients treated with PZA-containing regimen than with nine-month regimen (16/536, 3.0% vs 4/420, 1.0%), but this deference was not statistically significant. Hepatotoxicity developed in 13/85 (15.3%) of patients treated with PZA-containing regimen with abnormal liver function tests at the beginning of chemotherapy, and this frequency was similar to 7/65 (10.8%) in patients with nine-month regimen. The relapse rate in patients with Diabetes Mellitus was statistically higher than in without Diabetes Mellitus (7.9 vs 0.8 per 100 person-years). We concluded that the six-month regimen was highly effective, but the frequency of severe hepatotoxicity was relatively higher than in nine-month regimen and the duration of chemotherapy was not enough for patients complicated with Diabetes Mellitus. Further study is needed for sufficient chemotherapy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Adult↗