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Biomedical subjects

H Suginaka

Publications and source records attributed to H Suginaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable Staphylococcus aureus bacteriolytic enzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Profiles of the bacteriolytic activities of Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatants, sodium dodecyl sulfate cell extracts, LiCl cell extracts, cell wall extracts, and cell membranes were analyzed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing Micrococcus luteus or S. aureus. A total of 20 distinct bands of bacteriolytic activity could be detected in gels containing M. luteus, 8 of these bands were found in culture supernatants. The sodium dodecyl sulfate cell extracts, the LiCl cell extracts, and the cell membranes each contained 20 bands (P1 to P20), but no activity was found in cell wall extracts. Less bacteriolytic activity could be detected in gels containing S. aureus, although three bands were found in culture supernatants and LiCl extracts and cell membranes contained one major band, P13. Crude cell extracts showed five bacteriolytic bands of which the major bacteriolytic bands were distributed in an identical manner in all 10 strains of S. aureus studied. The effects of chemical and physical factors were determined, and it was shown that iodoacetic acid, Hg2+, and Cibacron Blue 3G-A reduced activity, and an optimum pH for enzyme detection was between 7 and 8. Preincubation at 100 degrees C for 30 min reduced the activity of P1 and P2 bands.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1990

Removal of adherent bacteria from catheter materials in vitro by N-acylated amino acids.

Indwelling urinary catheters may act as a reservoir of bacteria and cause urinary tract infections. Removal of the bacteria adherent to a urinary catheter should reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Using several N-acylated amino acids with combinations of four different acyl residues, we investigated their efficacy in removing adherent bacteria from catheter materials in vitro. Among them, acyl phenylalanine and acyl glycine (with acyl lengths of eight or ten) exhibited the highest ability to remove adherent bacteria.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Purification of a 51 kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Staphylococcus aureus.

A bacteriolytic enzyme obtained from the culture fluid of Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P was purified to homogeneity utilizing dye-ligand affinity column chromatography, hydrophobic interaction high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydroxyapatite HPLC. Subsequent characterizations indicated that the purified enzyme acted as endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was 51,000 and the isoelectric point was higher than 10. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity on whole cells of Micrococcus luteus as a substrate was 8.0. Some heavy metal cations (Cu2+ and Zn2+) inhibited the enzyme activity at a concentration of 0.1 mM and others (Ba2+, Mg2+ and Co2+) showed a stimulating effect at a concentration of 1 mM.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

Aminoglycosides enhance the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to HeLa cells.

Sub-lethal concentrations of aminoglycosides enhanced the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P to HeLa cells, whereas beta-lactams, pyridone carboxylic acid derivatives and chloramphenicol did not. Treatment with aminoglycosides also enhanced the bacterial adherence of these cells to immobilized fibronectin and laminin, and changed the bacterial cell surface to a more hydrophilic state than exists in non-treated cells. The adherence of S. aureus was not inhibited by lipoteichoic acid, extracted from the same strain, regardless of whether the bacterial cells were treated with an aminoglycoside or not. No correlation was observed between the adherence and zeta-potential of S. aureus.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

The effect of ofloxacin on experimental periodontitis in hamsters infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987.

Syrian hamsters were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 by inoculation into the oral cavity to induce experimental periodontitis. The effect of an antibiotic, ofloxacin (OFLX), on the experimental periodontitis was examined. In Group A, OFLX gel was applied daily to the gingival mucosa, 2 weeks after bacterial inoculation. Groups B and C were an infected control and a noninfected control, respectively. The hamsters in these three groups were fed a powdered high-sucrose diet. The hamsters in Group D, also a noninfected group, were fed an ordinary solid diet. Salivary occult blood test, evaluation of gingival and plaque index, measurement of alveolar bone loss, bacterial examination, and histological observation were performed 11 weeks after infection. Group B exhibited significantly higher levels of gingival index, plaque index, and alveolar bone loss than the noninfected controls. Severe inflammation of the gingivae, formation of gingival pockets, migration of many inflammatory cells, and obvious bone loss were also observed in Group B. However, these inflammatory changes were milder in Group A, which was treated with OFLX.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1989

[Topical chemotherapy of chronic periodontitis using controlled-release insert containing ofloxacin (PT-01) without root planing].

Topical chemotherapy of periodontal disease using several drug delivery systems (DDS) is currently being attempted. PT-01 is a DDS which consists of fast- and sustained- release parts containing ofloxacin as an antibacterial agent. Since PT-01 was found to sustain the antibacterial effect for 7 days in a periodontal pocket, it was used tor periodontal patients without root planing or scaling in this study. PT-01 and a placebo were applied to two separate and opposite pockets of 46 patients, once a week from the first visit (week 0) to week 3. The clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, bleeding on probing, pus discharge, and probing depth) were evaluated from weeks 0 to 4. At the end of the test (week 4), global improvement at the two sites was assessed. The clinical parameters and the global improvement of the PT-01 and placebo-treated sites were compared statistically. All parameters at the PT-01 sites except for tooth mobility showed much greater improvement than at the placebo sites. The global improvement of PT-01 sites was also significantly greater than that of the placebo sites. No side effects could be seen in patients treated with PT-01. These results indicate that topical chemotherapy using PT-01 could be effective and safe for periodontal therapy.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to implant materials.

The adherence of Streptococcus mutans OMZ-176 to six implant materials (poly-crystal alumina, single-crystal alumina, titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, hydroxyapatite, and heat-curing polymethylmethacrylate resin) was studied in vitro. The change of free energy, which corresponds to the adherence process, was also evaluated for hydrophobic interaction. Adherence of S. mutans to poly-crystal alumina was lower than adherence to other materials. The adherence of S. mutans to the test materials was highly correlated with the change of free energy, which suggests that hydrophobic interaction plays an important role in the adherence of S. mutans to the implant materials.

Alloys↗
PubMed1987

Electrophoretic studies of extracellular glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferases from seventeen strains of Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans was classified by the electrophoretic properties of glucosyltransferases (GTases) and fructosyltransferases (FTases). The cells of serotypes a, d and g did not release extracellular FTases, although those from other serotypes did. The enzymes from cells of serotypes d and g synthesized a good deal of insoluble polysaccharide compared with other serotypes. The enzymes were applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and polyacrylamide gel-isoelectric focussing (PAG-IEF). Gels were stained for their activity and protein content. Enzymes belonging to the same serotype gave the same specific pattern on both gels. The seven serotypes could be classified into the following four groups: serotypes d and g, serotype a, serotypes c, e and f, and serotype b. The results agree well with some previous reports based on other methods. The molecular weights of three GTase bands were 156K, 146K and 135K, and of four kinds of FTase bands were 108K, 95K, 80K and 76K. The isoelectric points of main enzymes were 4.25, 4.60, 5.00, 5.55 and 5.70. Those of FTases were 4.25 and 4.60.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1987

Effects of mucopolysaccharides on penicillin-induced lysis of Staphylococcus aureus.

Effects of four mucopolysaccharides and dextran sulphate on penicillin-induced lysis of Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P were studied. Heparin and dextran sulphate inhibited lysis, whereas hyaluronic acid enhanced it. Chondroitin sulphates A and C had no effect. Incubation of S. aureus suspended in 0.03 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with dextran sulphate inhibited autolysis of the bacteria, whereas incubation with hyaluronic acid enhanced autolysis. Both extracellular and cell-associated autolysin activities of S. aureus were suppressed by dextran sulphate and high concentrations of heparin. The addition of hyaluronic acid enhanced autolysin activity. The release of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a modulator of autolysin activity, from penicillin-treated bacteria was inhibited by heparin and dextran sulphate. However, hyaluronic acid had no effect on release of LTA. These results suggest that inhibition of penicillin-induced lysis of S. aureus by heparin results mainly from inhibition of LTA release while dextran sulphate inhibits both autolysin activity and LTA release. Hyaluronic acid appears to enhance penicillin-induced lysis through activation of the autolysins.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1987

Extracellular products of Staphylococcus aureus reversibly inhibit the terminal differentiation of cultured mouse epidermal cells.

The effect of extracellular products from Staphylococcus aureus on the differentiation of mouse epidermal cells was studied using an in vitro cell culture system. The extracellular products from a clinical strain of S. aureus isolated from human skin lesions reversibly inhibited the Ca++-induced terminal differentiation of epidermal cells, as determined by their morphology and the extent of cornified envelope formation. This suggests that a similar modification of cell differentiation is involved in the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced skin disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans OMZ176 with chromatofocusing.

A crude glucosyltransferase (GTase) preparation of Streptococcus mutans OMZ176 was fractionated by chromatography on a chromatofocusing column. It was separated into three major fractions. Fractions 1 and 3 mainly synthesized water-soluble glucan (SG) without primer dextran T-10. Dextransucrase activity of fraction 1 was not increased by the primer, although that of fraction 3 was increased. Fraction 2 synthesized only water-insoluble glucan (IG) in the absence of a primer, but mutansucrase activity of this fraction was greatly increased dose-dependently by the addition of a primer. The SG and IG synthesized by fraction 1 were rich in alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. On the other hand, about 80% of glucose residues of the IG synthesized by fraction 2 were alpha-1,3 linked. Both SG and IG synthesized by fraction 3 contained highly branched structures.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of fatty acid composition of Candida species by gas-liquid chromatography using a polar column.

The fatty acid composition of representative Candida species was examined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using a polar column. The major fatty acids were C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 saturated, C16:1 and C18:1 monoenoic series, with or without C18 polyunsaturated acids (C18:2 and C18:3). In Torulopsis glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae the C18:2 and C18:3 acids were not found, but the C10:0 and C12:0 acids were detected in S. cerevisiae. These results indicated that the Candida genus could be distinguished from Torulopsis and Saccharomyces genera by GLC analysis of fatty acids. Quantitative differences in the fatty acid composition between cells grown at high temperature (37 degrees C) and low temperature (25 degrees C) were found generally in Candida species, and the amounts of C18 polyunsaturated acids (C18:2 and C18:3) increased in the cells grown at 25 degrees C. Each Candida species showed a characteristic profile in fatty acid composition. Determination of the cellular fatty acid composition in Candida species is likely to be useful for the grouping or chemotaxonomy of newer isolates of Candida species.

Candida↗
PubMed1986

Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and gentamicin on the antibacterial activity of pyridone carboxylic acid derivatives against gram-negative bacilli.

Ofloxacin (9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazynyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7 H-pyrido-(1,2,3-de)1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid) and enoxacin (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dehydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1, 8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid) are newly developed pyridone carboxylic acid derivatives with broad and potent antibacterial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activities of six pyridone carboxylic acid derivatives, including these two new antibiotics, were examined against Gram-negative bacilli in the presence and absence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or gentamicin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid, cinoxacin and piromidic acid were reduced by the addition of EDTA or gentamicin. However, the MICs of pipemidic acid, ofloxacin and enoxacin were unaffected. These findings indicated the high permeability of pipemidic acid, ofloxacin and enoxacin through the outer membrane. The effects of EDTA and gentamicin against Serratia marcescens were different from those against other Gram-negative bacilli.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗