[The functional significance of the pulvinar thalmi (author's transl)].
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Dominance, Cerebral↗
Biomedical subjects
H Strenge
Publications and source records attributed to H Strenge.
Correlation of electrophysiological and quantitative histological findings in the sural nerve of man. Studies on alcoholic neuropathy.
Electrophysiological results of sural nerve conduction studies were compared with quantitative histological data from the same nerve in 27 patients with alcoholic neuropathy. Diminution of amplitude and/or conduction velocity of the main component was seen in 14 nerves. Minimum nerve conduction velocity, which was studied in 11 nerves, was lowered in eight cases. Histological investigations revealed that nerve fibers of different diameter were involved to a variable extent, so at least four different types of fiber loss could be distingusihed. Relation of nerve conduction velocity to external fiber diameter revealed a conversion factor within normal range in 13 nerves, indicating axonal degeneration. A borderline value was found in four of the nerves, teased fiber studied showed demyelination in three nerves and axonal degeneration in one of the four. It was impossible in 10 nerves to relate external fiber diameter to nerve conduction velocities of the different components of the potential caused by demyelination or extensive remyelination.
Adult↗
The fine structure of myelinated nerve cell bodies in the bulbus olfactorius of man.
In the bulbus olfactorius of man numerous myelinated nerve cell bodies occur in the stratum plexiforme internum and stratum granulosum internum. In many respects they resemble the neighbouring granule cells: small chromatin clumps border on more than half of the circumference of the nucleus, the thin cytoplasmic rim contains abundant polysomes and sometimes pigment complexes with numerous light vacuoles, the cells often show a process which extends up to the stratum glomerulosum, the perikarya are devoid of synaptic contacts whereas the proximal segment of the peripheral processes display rare contacts. The myelin sheath varies in thickness consisting of 2 to 24 lamellae with distances between the major dense lines ranging from 9.3 to 11.3 nm. The myelin sheath may enclose the cell body completely or partially and accompany the proximal segment of the process arising from the perikaryon. On partially enveloped perikarya, the myelin lamellae end in formations like those of the node of Ranvier, though often less regularly. Within the compact myelin sheath all of its lamellae may be distended for a short distance by glial cytoplasm as in the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of peripheral nerve fibres. Adjacent to the outermost myelin lamella myelinated axons and cell bodies, tentatively identified as oligodendrocytes, as well as granule cells may be closely joined.
Adolescent↗
[Nucleus striae terminalis in the brain of adult man. Pigment architectionical study].
In the present article the shape and extension of the nucleus striae terminalis in the human adult brain is described. By means of selective staining of intracellular lipofuscin granules with aldehydefuchsin it is possible to examine the three dimensional shape of the griseum in complete series of 800 micrometer thick slices. The cells of the necleus striae terminalis accompany the stria terminalis along its whole course between the anterior commissure and the corpus amygdaloideum. The paraseptal part of the nucleus is divided into a pars externa and a pars interna. Along the thalamic course of the stria fibers, however, a variably shaped pars medialis can be separated from a pars paracaudata reaching the corpus amygdaloideum as an unbroken cellular column. Possible connections between stria terminalis and its bednucleus are discussed.
Aged↗
[The dorsomedial envelope in the human thalamus. A pigment architectonic study].
The shape and extension of the dorsomedial envelope (HASSLER 1959) in the human thalamus was examined in 800 micron thick slices stained with aldehyde-fuchsin. By means of selective staining of intracellular lipofuscin granules the pigment architecture of these grisea can be clearly depicted. The dorsomedial envelope consists of the nucleus cucullaris and the nucleus parataenialis. It covers the ventricular surface of the territorium mediale with an almost unbroken cellular layer stretching caudally as far as the nucleus pulvinaris superficialis. The strongly pigmented nucleus cucullaris can be seen as the main nucleus of this part of the envelope. It can be divided into three areas: nucleus cucullaris oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis.
Female↗
[Do the island neurons of regio entorhinalis belong to the class of pyramid or star-shaped cells?].
In the vicinity of the collateral sulcus the cellular islands of the entorhinal region (lamina alpha of the outer principal layer = Pre-alpha) fuse, forming a cellular plate which runs obliquely through the outer laminae. Finally, the cellular elements of Pre-alpha lie in between the third and the fourth layer of the isocortex. The islands are mainly composed of star-shaped nerve cells with thorny dendrites and an axon extending into the white matter. Within the reaches of the oblique plate the shape of these cellular elements underlies an alteration. Apical and basal dendrites become more and more recognizable, the cell body gains the shape of a pyramid. For this reason, we consider the star-shaped neurons of the islands to be modified pyramidal cells. They are compared with the genuine star cells (Golgi-II-cells) of the layer. Distinguishing characteristics not only of the Golgi- but also of the pigment-picture allow the unequivocal distinction between the modified pyramids and the Golgi-II-cells.
Adult↗
[Nucleus tuberis lateralis in the human brain. A pigmentarchitectonic study].
In the present article the shape of the nucleus tuberis lateralis and a hitherto unknown cell group in the human hypothalamus is described. Neurolipofuscin is selectively stained with aldehyde-fuchsin. This method enables the exact determination of the three dimensional shape of a griseum by using slices more than 500 mum thick. Differences in the distribution and amount of pigment within different types of nerve cells provide a basis for cellular demarcation and subdivision (pigmentarchitectonics). The intensely stained nucleus tuberis lateralis can be seen as consisting of a main lateral and a medial group. There are elevan cell groups which constantly occur. The individual range of their shapes causes a great variation in the shape of the lateral tuberal nucleus. It also has portions in the medial field of the hypothalamus: a pars suprafornicalis and 'mediale Streuzellen' ('medial scatter-cells'). Rostrally it extends almost to the chiasma with scattered irregularly occurring groups of cells. The amount of intracellular lipofuscin depends on the respective cell group and the age of the brain. By the age of 12 years the nucleus is already more intensely pigmented than the surrounding grisea. There is an indication of a tendency towards an aggregation of the cell groups with age. Connections between pigmentation and the phylogeny are discussed. Ventrally the nucleus tuberis lateralis is bounded by a hitherto undescribed heteromorphous cell group. It is clearly delimited and can be divided into a longish pars lateralis and a spherical pars medialis. Both parts consist of small as well as medium-sized cells which accumulate diffusely distributed granula of lipofuscin in adult brains. The name 'nucleus paratuberalis' is suggested for this griseum.
Adult↗
[The relationship between psychological stress and the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. An update].
The relationship between psychological stress and the course of MS has been investigated in several studies using methods with different qualities. The majority of findings indicates that acute short-term stressors have no negative consequences. Chronic psychosocial stressors, however, such as interpersonal conflicts, loss and complicated bereavement, low perceived social support, anxiety and depressive episodes have to be regarded as possible risk factors for the development of MS exacerbations. The neuroimmunological findings in MS and under various stress conditions are delineated with emphasis on the changes in lymphocyte and cytokine networks and evaluated with regard to their possible clinical significance. Practical consequences for psychological intervention strategies are discussed.
Disease Progression↗
The "temporalis-inhibitory reflex" in post-lumbar puncture headache.
Nausea and rigidity of the neck muscles, typical symptoms of post-lumbar puncture syndrome (PPS), may also be found in patients suffering from chronic headache of the tension-type. A decreased duration of the late suppression period of temporal muscle activity indicating a central disturbance of pericranial muscle control, can be observed in these patients. We have studied the temporalis-inhibitory reflex in 47 neurological inpatients requiring lumbar puncture. There were no significant differences of latencies or durations of temporalis silent periods between patients with and without PPS before, and 48 h following, lumbar puncture.
Adolescent↗
[Sensory neurography and quantitative-histological findings of the human peripheral nerves in normal and pathological conditions (studies on correlations in the same nerve)].
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Humans↗
Effects of nicotine gum on F waves in non-smokers.
The effects of chewing gum, containing 0 and 4 mg nicotine, on F waves were studied in healthy volunteers in a repeated measure design. F responses were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle following stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. The persistence and various amplitude measures were analysed. Chewing a 4 mg nicotine gum, with a considerable rise in systemic nicotine (6.4-37.4 ng/ml), failed to produce significant effects on F wave parameters in relation to the placebo baseline. The analysis of different F wave amplitude ranges, however, revealed significant nicotine-induced changes: a dose-related decrease of F responses > or = 500 microV and an increase of F waves between 200-290 microV. This may be due to an activation of Renshaw cells in the spinal cord.
Adult↗
Exteroceptive silent period of masseter muscle activity evoked by electrical mental nerve stimulation: relation to non-pain and pain sensations.
Exteroceptive silent periods (ESPs) of masseter muscle activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the mental nerve were studied over a large range of prepain intensities and at pain threshold in 44 normal subjects. Seven levels of stimulus intensity, based on individual sensory and pain thresholds, were applied and the relationship between ESPs, stimulus intensity and perception, as manifested by the subjective verbal response, was investigated. The analysis revealed that the occurrence of ESPs was not related to the stimulus intensity at the pain threshold. There were individually different patterns of progressive response to increasing current intensities within the pre-pain range in many cases. On the other hand, almost half of all the subjects investigated showed no or only occasional ESPs. In view of this variability the concept of ESPs being a nociceptive behavioural response has to be questioned.
Adult↗
[Questions on organ donation. An exploratory study of medical students and overview of the literature].
The attitudes of 83 medical students, aged 19-27 years, toward organ donation were assessed using a short questionnaire. 43% stated great interest, 49% were willing to come to a decision regarding organ donation and 53% showed hesitation. The most important factors for the decision were the definition and time of death, the use of the donated organs, consideration of the relatives and treatment of the corpse. The attitude toward kidney donation was most unequivocal, the willingness to donate an eye or the heart most ambivalent.
Adult↗
Activation and suppression of the trapezius muscle induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and silent periods (SPs) in the trapezius muscle induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were investigated in 15 healthy subjects. Stimuli were applied with a Novametrix Magnetic stimulator using a 14 cm circular coil 4 cm lateral to the vertex on the biauricular line. Surface electrodes were used for simultaneous bilateral electromyographic recordings of the trapezius. TMS invariably induced contralateral MEPs (latency 10.5 +/- 1.3 ms, mean +/- SD), with ipsilateral responses in 53% of the subjects (latency 11.1 +/- 2.5 ms). The mean duration of the SPs was approximately 90 ms on both sides. There were no significant side differences between any of the MEP or SP parameters. To study the influence of subcortical inhibition phenomena TMS induced responses were assessed following electrical mental nerve stimulation with interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 0-100 ms. MEP latencies significantly increased at ISI of 10-100 ms, whereas MEP amplitudes and SPs did not change. These findings may reflect a trigeminal induced exteroceptive suppression of trapezius muscle activity.
Accessory Nerve↗