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Biomedical subjects

H Stein

Publications and source records attributed to H Stein.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Spread of gold injected into the joints of healthy rabbits.

This study shows that after intra-articular injection, aurothiomalate and colloidal gold of small (200 A) particle size were rapidly absorbed from joints while the larger, 300 A, particle size colloidal radioactive gold could not be found outside them. Larger particle size suspensions seem therefore more likely to remain localised in the joint and its lining synovium after intra-articular injection, the systemic absorption from the joint cavity diminishing with increasing particle size. It was also found that the intra-articular injection of small amounts of aurothiomalate, of colloidal gold and of colloidal radioactive gold produces identical degenerative lesions in the lining cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. These lesions were always found, although gold particles were demonstrated only in sampled kidney tissues of the animals injected with the soluble gold preparation whereas no gold could be detected in the tissues of animals injected with colloidal non-radioactive or radioactive gold. Electron microscopic evidence is presented to suggest the possibility that the mitochondria are the "target" organelles of the gold-induced cellular damage. Mitochondrial damage was demonstrated in liver and spleen in addition to the already described kidney damage. The correlation between structure and function of the mitochondrial changes is not clear, and ionic shifts may be both a cause and a result of damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas on the basis of Morphological and immunological features shared by normal and neoplastic lymphatic cells (author's transl)].

A review is given of the new Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and of the findings which led to its development. The Kiel classification of NHL is based on morphological and immunological features shared by normal and neoplastic cells. Therefore, the origin, maturation, and reaction of nonneoplastic T- and B-cells together with their immunological, enzyme-cytochemical and morphological features are discussed first. In the T-cell system T-precursor cells, prothymocytes, T1/T2-cells, and T-immunoblasts can be distinguished on the basis of the given features. The B-system is primarily composed of cells of the two antigen-dependent B-cell reactions, the germinal center reaction, and the plasma cell reaction. These cells can be distinguished both morphologically and through demonstration of the complement receptor in frozen sections. We differentiate the following entities of NHL, divided into six groups for better understanding: 1. lymphocytic lymphomas: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), prolymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, mycosis fungoides, and Sézary syndrome; 2. secretory immunoglobulin-producing lymphomas: plasmacytoma and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma; 3. germinal center cell tumors: centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma, centrocytic lymphoma, centroblastic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and lymphoma of the Burkitt type; 4. lymphoblastic lymphomas: "convoluted cell" type and "unclassified" type; 5. immunoblastic lymphoma; 6. reticulosarcoma. B-cell characteristics are revealed by more than 80% of the NHL, namely by 97% of the cases of CLL, by all secretory immunoglobulin-producing lymphomas, by all germinal center cell tumors, and by most immunoblastic lymphomas. More than 50% of the B-cell tumors are evidently derived from germinal center cells. The following are T-cell tumors: a few rare forms of CLL, mycosis fungoides Sézary syndrome, about 50% of the lymphoblastic lymphomas, and a few immunoblastic lymphomas. It could be shown that the cells of lymphoblastic lymphoma, "convolted cell" type with strong acid phosphatase reactivity have the same features as fetal thymocytes. So far, we have not observed any cases of true reticulosarcoma as described by Roulet and Rappaporti, i.e. tumors of phagocytic reticulum cells. The morphological features which could be defined for the entities distinguished in the Kiel classification of NHL are so characteristic that most of these entities can now be diagnosed on the basis of their histological and cytological pictures alone.

Antigens↗
PubMed1975

Synovitis of familial mediterranean fever. A histologic and ultrastructural study.

The microscopic and ultrastructural features seen in the synovium of twelve patients affected by the protracted arthritis variety of FMF is described. It would appear that the small vessels of the synovial membrane are the principle target organ in this articular pathology. Intra articular injections of colloidal radioactive gold, or hydrocortisone, do not alter the histologic and ultrastructural appearance of the affected synovia. Neither do these findings change in the regenerated synovia, growing after a surgical synovectomy. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Familial Mediterranean Fever↗
PubMed1975

Maternal protein depletion and small-for-gestational-age babies.

It has been established that there is a high incidence of small-for-gestational-age babies among underprivileged urban Africans. This community suffers from endemic malnutrition. Serum albumin studies on mothers of low birthweight babies showed a direct correlation with size of babies for gestational age. Thus maternal protein depletion, and probably therefore malnutrition, was associated with the high incidence of small-for-age-gestational babies.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow. Pattern of joint involvement, and results of synovectomy with excision of the radial head.

Thirty-two rheumatoid elbow joints in 25 patients which had undergone synovectomy and excision of the radial head have been studied from the point of view of pattern of joint involvement and the efficacy of surgery. In this group of patients there was a significant trend towards affection of proximal joints occurring earlier in the course of the disease than distal joints. There was a high incidence of involvement of wrist and knee. There was a positive relationship between dominance and the elbow affected. Pain diminished in all cases after surgery, and there was a significant improvement in hinge movement but no significant improvement in range of forearm rotation though it was less painful. Single lateral approach gave satisfactory exposure and is favoured. Complciations of the procedure were few.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal steroids: effects on the vascular system.

An increase in the incidence of thromboembolic disorders has been associated with oral contraceptive use, though the causative mechanisms remain unclear. Our studies indicate that the contraceptive steroids, irrespective of the intermediary metabolic processes involved, cause changes in the surface charge characteristics of the blood vessel wall and blood cells in the following cases: (i) in experiments using dogs, the hormonal steroids result in a greater reduction in the pore surface charge of veins than in arteries; (ii) in rats, the current induced mesenteric occlusion times are significantly lowered following administration of combined contraceptives steroids; (iii) in humans, the electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes and platelets from women taking Ovral and Demulen are lower than in controls, and (iv) there is no significant alteration of plasma coagulation times of women who are on injectable progestin therapy. Demulen and Ovral appear to result in a slight decrease in activated partial thromboplastin times compared to controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cytological and functional criteria for the classification of malignant lymphomata.

The subtle morphology and functional properties of cells are the best parameters to use for their definition. This is also true for the corresponding tumours, especially malignant lymphomata. In studies of 106 cases of malignant lymphoma we therefore applied as morphological methods haematological staining (Giemsa in sections and imprints) and electron microscopic analysis. As functional criteria we used the nonspecific esterase reaction to define tumours of histiocytes and an estimation of the immunoglobulin content of tissue extracts and single cells to define tumours of B lymphocytes and their derivatives. By combining all of these methods it was possible to propose a new classification. Whereas not one histiocytic malignant lymphoma ("reticulosarcoma") was found in the series, at least most of the malignant lymphomata investigated seemed to be derived from the B lymphocyte system. The following types are distinguished: (1) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; (2) diffuse germinocytoma (malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic, intermediate); (3) germinoblastoma (follicular, follicular and diffuse, diffuse; sclerotic, nonsclerotic) which can show a transition into germinoblastic sarcoma; (4) immunoblastic sarcoma of the B cell type (previously called reticulo-sarcoma); (5) lymphoplasmocytoid immunocytoma, which may be associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and can show a mixed cellularity; (6) lymphoblastic (paraleukoblastic) sarcoma and leukaemia, which are, at least in most cases, probably neoplasias of germinoblasts. All of these lymphomata can produce immunoglobulins. Sixty-seven cases showed an Ig increase in the tumour. This was mostly IgM, but sometimes IgG, IgA, IgD and/or IgE. A morphological equivalent of even abnormal Ig secretion is the globular positive (diastase resistant) PAS reaction in lymphoid cells (not in the histiocytes) in paraffin sections, which we found in 43 cases. Only 19 of the 63 cases with an IgM increase in the tumour showed an increase of IgM in the serum. Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia is a facultative symptom of morphologically different malignant lymphomata and should therefore be considered only as a clinical syndrome and not as a nosological entity.

B-Lymphocytes↗