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Biomedical subjects

H Smith

Publications and source records attributed to H Smith.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Comparison of a simplified whole blood and isolated lymphocyte stimulation technique.

Whole blood and isolated lymphocyte stimulation in healthy men were compared utilizing PHA, ConA, and PWM. Dose response curves with each of the 3 mitogens were found to differ with the two techniques of lymphocytes stimulation. When incubation time was lengthened PWM responses increased markedly in both the whole blood and isolated lymphocyte assays. Increased incubation time had no effect on PHA cultures and increased the responses with ConA in the whole blood method. In each study, responses with 3H-thymidine were comparable to responses utilizing 125IUdR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The relation of interferon and nonspecific inhibitors to virus levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence.

Two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of a recombinant influenza virus (A/PR/8/34-A/ENGLAND/939/69 (H3N2)) were inactivated at the same rate by viral inhibitors present in nasal washes taken from both Clone 7a- and Clone 64d-infected ferrets. Both clones induced similar levels of interferon in the nasal washes of infected animals. The onset and rise of interferon production occurred at the same time for both clones, and was associated with a decline in virus titres. In addition, both clones showed a similar sensitivity to interferon. Thus, although nonspecific inhibitors and interferon may play a role in reducing nasal tract infection caused by both clones, the differences in virulence of the 2 clones do not appear to be determined by differential induction of, or resistance to, these host defence mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Serum opsonic activity in acute protein-energy malnutrition.

Phagocytic host defence mechanisms require both normally functioning cells and humoral factors. For example, activated complement components and/or specific immunoglobulin are essential for effective ingestion and killing of bacteria by neutrophils, and complement is especially important early in infection, before specific antibody has been produced. Abnormalities of serum complement have previously been reported in malnutrition, and the present study investigated the levels of serum opsonins in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Opsonic activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was depressed in acute PEM patients, but recovered to higher levels with treatment. This depression was detected only when low concentrations of serum (10-20 ml/litre) were used. Marked and persistent opsonin deficiencies were associated with poor clinical response. Reduced opsonic activity may adversely affect host defence mechanisms and contribute to morbidity and mortality from pyogenic infections in PEM. Replacement therapy with fresh or fresh frozen plasma might restore opsonic activity in these patients and reduce the risk of septicaemia and its attendant high mortality.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of neoplasia in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Cancer occurred in 28 of 579 patients (4.8%) with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 30 of 267 (11.2%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960--1976. The proportion of cancers that were extraintestinal was greater in CD than in UC (43 vs. 12%), as was the proportion of gastrointestinal cancers that arose in apparently normal bowels (33 vs. 4%). The incidence of gastrointestinal cancer increase with duration of disease in both CD and UC, but the absolute rates were three times higher in UC. For extraintestinal cancer, on the other hand, there was less correlation with increasing duration of disease, and no higher frequency in UC than in CD. Mortality from gastrointestinal cancer was 82% in CD and 50% in UC, but occurred only within two years of tumor diagnosis; survival beyond two years seemed to indicate a favorable prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Measles again.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Comparative ocular pressure elevation by medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate.

In age-, race-, and sex-matched groups, the relative abilities of medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate to elevate intraocular pressure were compared in a masked manner. Compliance was controlled by drops being given by nursing personnel. The 18 male hospitalized volunteers received commercial preparations of one of the corticosteroids to each eye four times a day for six weeks. The relative ability of medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate to raise IOP was 1, 4, and 7.6, respectively.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Spirometric "abnormality" in a normal male reference population: further analysis of the 1971 Oregon survey.

Conventional criteria for spirometric impairment (FVC and FEV1 less than or equal to 79% predicted, FEF25-75 less than or equal to 74% predicted, FEV1/FVC less than or equal to 0.69 for most ages) were applied to 507 healthy nonsmoking male subjects in the 1971 Oregon survey. Frequency of air flow impairment was higher than expected for a normal population. Of all subjects, 17.8% had an "abnormal" FEF25-75% and 19.7% an "abnormal" FEV1/FVC. "Decreased" lung volumes were seen in older subjects; of those over 55 years of age, 8.8% had a reduced FVC and 11.8% a reduced FEV1. These rates in a normal population may be used as a rough baseline for making inferences about a population under study. Similar rates were found in a cross-sectional survey of nonsmoking males representative of the population of a large industrial state. The major reason for these high rates of "abnormal" spirometry lies in the conventional definitions of abnormality. Tables showing cut-off points for abnormal spirometric values based on a 95% confidence interval for adult males of all ages and heights permit an alternative method for classification as abnormal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Silent ST segment deviations and extent of coronary artery disease.

Fifty patients who underwent coronary and left ventricular angiography for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) had ambulatory ECG monitoring at a time remote from that of catheterization. After correcting for positional ST segment variation on ambulatory ECG, the amount of time that ST segments deviated more than 1 mm. from baseline without corresponding angina was determined, and these results were correlated with results of angiography. Silent ST segment deviations were seen in patients without significant CAD in 2.2% of observations, but increased significantly with extent of coronary artery disease (2.9%, 8.2%, and 10.1% of observations in the one-, two-, and three-vessel disease groups, respectively). This relationship was independent of ventricular function, resting ECG, and previous symptoms. It is concluded that silent ST segment deviations on ambulatory ECG reflect the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The use of specific antiserum induced by lectin-antigen complexes to investigate the outer membrane antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Extracts of gonococcal surface antigens, examined by crossed affinity electrophoresis (CAE) with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), yielded a single antigen-lectin precipitate in agarose gels. This precipitate induced in rabbits a potent antiserum specific for the gonococcal antigen which reacted with WGA. Immune electron microscopy on whole gonococci showed that this antiserum reacted with outer membrane vesicles. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified by phenol-water extraction of whole gonococci reacted with WGA and also with the antiserum to the WGA-antigen complex. This indicated that the antiserum was specific for antigen(s) of the outer membrane complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Aeromonas hydrophila infection of a puncture wound.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative organism generally considered a pathogen of low virulence, rarely reported as causing infection in man. Recently it has been recognized as causing infection in wounds. This article reports the case of a patient who suffered a puncture wound while standing in a fresh water lake. He subsequently developed a rapidly progressing cellulitis requiring hospitalization. This organism was cultured from the wound and responded dramatically to appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The reactions of l nm particles of plutonium-238 dioxide and curium-244 dioxide with lung fluid.

The reactions of 1 nm particles of plutonium-238 dioxide and curium-244 dioxide with rat lung fluid have been studied both in vitro and in vivo. The plutonium-238 particles are positively charged and combine by electrostatic attraction with the negative pulmonary surfactant which mediates the transfer of radioactivity to the blood. In contrast the curium-244 particles are negative and are assumed to diffuse passively through the alveolar walls. The results emphasise that electrostatic charge is an important factor governing the reaction of 1 nm actinide oxide particles with macromolecules.

Actinoid Series Elements↗