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Biomedical subjects

H Smith

Publications and source records attributed to H Smith.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Intracellular killing of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes: comparison of three methods of assessment.

Three different methods, [3H]uridine uptake, viable count and 51Cr-release were used to assess the intracellular survival of a strain of Candida albicans, 19321, which was lethal for mice injected intravenously. Intracellular survival 1 h after ingestion ranged from 50 to 80% depending on the method employed and the detergent used to lyse the phagocytes. Inhibition of uridine uptake by detergents used to lyse the phagocytes led to difficulty in assessment of intracellular killing by this method.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1985

Urospasm.

This article theorizes that acute reversible narrowing can occur in the calyx/infundibular regions of the kidney. This narrowing could result from a spasm of the urinary tract smooth muscle analogous to spasms of other tubular structures containing smooth muscle (bronchi, esophagus, peripheral arteries, and coronary arteries). The spasm in the calyx/infundibular region could help explain the phenomenon of the acute renal failure that can occur with minimal change disease.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1985

Recent H1N1 viruses (A/USSR/90/77, A/Fiji/15899/83, A/Firenze/13/83) replicate poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. Brief report.

Three recent wild-type H1N1 influenza virus isolates (A/USSR/90/77, A/Fiji/15899/83 and A/Firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an H3N2 wild-type virus (A/England/939/69). All four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue. Examination of one H1N1 virus (A/USSR/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract. These results raise the possibility that the mildness of human influenza arising from the H1N1 strains may be due to lack of capacity to attack the lower respiratory tract as well as the presence of antibody in previously exposed persons.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Message disruptions during syntactic processing in schizophrenia.

Twenty-four schizophrenics and 24 nonschizophrenic psychiatric patients were given the Hunt test, which requires the subject to use syntactic strategies to synthesize an extended multisentence text on the basis of a controlled set of input propositions. This syntactic processing task induced many more meaning misrepresentations of input propositions in the schizophrenic group compared to the control group. These group differences could not be accounted for by confounding variables such as level of psychopathology, medication, and verbal skills. An error analysis indicated that schizophrenics were highly likely to produce meaning errors when the rewritten proposition assumed a passive syntactic form. Conceptually complex sequences of propositions also resulted in a high frequency of message errors among schizophrenics; this second factor did not account, however, for the high association of errors and passive rewrites. These data are interpreted as indicating that schizophrenics suffer from a multilevel language-production disturbance that includes higher-level message errors that are reflexively induced by lower-level syntactic processing disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of avoparcin interaction with anticoccidial compounds on the growth and carcase composition of broilers.

The anticoccidial drugs narasin, lasalocid, monensin and salinomycin, with and without avoparcin, were fed to 1280 broiler chickens from 1 to 49 d old. At day 49 significant interactions were detected between avoparcin and the anticoccidial compounds for body weight and food consumption. This indicated that the increases in body weight and food consumption obtained with avoparcin were greater with some anticoccidial compounds (lasalocid and salinomycin for body weights and lasalocid for food consumption) than with others (monensin and narasin for body weights and monensin, narasin and salinomycin for food consumption). Overall there was evidence that avoparcin increased body weight (5.8%), food consumption (2.5%) and efficiency of food utilisation (2.9%). In addition avoparcin produced significant increases in plucked weight and the proportion of visceral fat together with and decreases in the proportions of edible giblets and waste offal.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Diabetes and female sexuality: a comparative study of women in relationships.

Limited information is available about the effect of diabetes on female sexuality. Fifty diabetic women were compared to 50 matched controls on cognitive, psychological, interpersonal and sexual dimensions. Although the pattern of response was similar, the diabetic women scored consistently lower than controls on the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory and the Locke-Wallace Marriage Inventory. The cumulative effect of these small differences resulted in a significantly more deficient global level of psychosexual functioning and less satisfaction with their relationship. In contrast, the diabetic women had relatively little impairment in their sexual responses. Sexual desire, however, was significantly lower. Although a decrease in lubrication was reported, its adequacy for coitus was not perceived differently by the two groups. Further research should clarify the contribution of demographic variables as well as clinical characteristics, such as type of diabetes, on observed differences in the sexuality of female diabetics and controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Career choice of 'fifth pathway' graduates from New York state medical schools.

Graduates of "fifth pathway" programs at medical schools in New York state between 1976 and 1978 were studied to determine their professional careers and choice of medical specialties. Of the 545 physicians participating in the program, 510 were able to be located. Of this latter cohort, 177 (34.7 percent) had entered primary care fields as of 1981. Of the physicians no longer in residency training, 19.1 percent had full-time salaried positions in academic institutions, and the remaining physicians were engaged in various clinical medical activities. Of the 545 fifth pathway graduates, 74 (13.6 percent) had not been able to pass the licensing examinations as of 1981, and an additional 54 (9.9 percent) had not taken those examinations. Comparisons with regular students graduating from a medical school in New York state showed that fifth pathway graduates were more likely to select nonprimary care specialties than primary care specialties (p less than 0.001). These data suggest that although a majority of graduates of fifth pathway programs in New York state are involved in the provision of health care, a small number are still unable to engage in the practice of medicine.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1985

Severity of fever in influenza: studies on the relation between viral surface antigens, pyrexia, level of nasal virus and inflammatory response in the ferret.

Previous work has shown that fever in influenza of ferrets occurs following release of endogenous pyrogen from virus-phagocyte interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT), and suggested that the poor inflammatory response and correspondingly low fever elicited by A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), compared with H3N2 reassortant clones of A/Puerto Rico/8/34-A/England/939/69, were related to its H1 and N1 surface antigens. Nasal virus levels, inflammatory and pyrexial responses produced in ferrets by clones 31 (H3N1) and 64b (H1N2) of the same reassortant system suggested a connection between the H1 antigen and low inflammatory response, but results were not conclusive. Unlike A/Puerto Rico/8/34, two recent H1N1 isolates, A/USSR/90/77 and A/Fiji/15899/83, produced a high inflammatory response yet low fever despite large amounts of virus in the URT, suggesting that either no connection exists between the acquisition of the H1 antigen and production of a low inflammatory response, or the H1 antigen of recent isolates, whilst antigenically related to that of A/Puerto Rico/8/34, is biologically different.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Association of resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to killing by human phagocytes with outer-membrane proteins of about 20 kilodaltons.

The determinant(s) of gonococcal resistance to killing by human phagocytes has been extracted from outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of a phagocyte-resistant strain, BS4 (agar), with sodium cholate (1%, w/v). The extracts, like the OMV, nullified the effect of antiserum raised against whole BS4 (agar) to promote intracellular killing of the latter by human peripheral blood phagocytes. Fractionation of the extract on Sephadex G75 produced an active fraction with much less protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than in the original extract. Furthermore, crude LPS prepared from the resistant gonococci was inactive. These results imply that the factor(s) promoting intracellular resistance is a protein. SDS-PAGE of the active fraction suggested that the factor was not a principal outer membrane protein nor one of three proteins previously thought to be associated with resistance. In contrast to a similar preparation from a phagocyte-susceptible strain, BSSH, the active fraction from BS4 (agar) showed faintly staining proteins in the regions of 20 and 60 kDal. When eluted from the gels, the former but not the latter neutralized the above effect of antisera, thus associating the 20 kDal protein(s) with resistance to intracellular killing.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Rapid suppression of extension growth in dark-grown wheat seedlings by red light.

Continuous recordings were made using a linear displacement transducer to investigate short-term growth responses of intact dark-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Maris Huntsman) seedlings to red light. To eliminate any effect of light prior to the experimental treatments, the seedlings were grown and mounted on the transducer apparatus in total darkness. The growth kinetics after irradiation were complex and appeared to consist of three successive phases of growth deceleration. When the tip of the intact coleoptile was irradiated with red light from two opposite fiber bundles (fluence rate: 2 x 64 micromoles per square meter per second) for varying periods of time (10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, continuous), a decrease in extension rate was detectable after a latent period of 8 to 10 minutes. Up to 30 minutes after the start of the irradiation treatment, there was no difference in the kinetics of inhibition (about 20 to 25% inhibition) between the different lengths of irradiation. Extension rate reached a minimum (65% inhibition) at about 85 minutes, after which growth acceleration toward the dark control rate was observed. Far-red reversibility of the rapid effect of red light on growth was not observed, even when far-red light was given only 4 seconds after the end of 10 seconds red light. Short (15 seconds) far-red light did not induce a response.

Journal Article↗