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Biomedical subjects

H Smith

Publications and source records attributed to H Smith.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Changes in leucocyte numbers without diapedesis in rats given platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether).

Changes occurring in the blood and the peritoneal cavity following the intraperitoneal injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) into rats were compared with those when antigen was injected intraperitoneally into actively sensitised rats. A blood eosinophilia had been produced in the rats by an intravenous injection of Sephadex G200 6 days before either challenge. 5 min after PAF-acether, the total number of cells in the peritoneal washings had decreased and the concentration of extravasated dye-labelled plasma protein had increased with no change in histamine levels. On the other hand, antigen at this time produced nor only a decrease in cells and an increase in dye but also an increase in histamine concentration. Only antigen produced a cellular infiltration into the peritoneal cavity with an increase in numbers of neutrophils in the peritoneal washings at 4 h and of mononuclear cells and eosinophils at 24 h. In the blood at 4 h after either challenge, there was a neutrophilia and an eosinopenia. When PAF-acether and antigen were injected together into actively sensitised rats, leucocyte counts in the peritoneal washings increased by a similar amount, both at 4 and 24 h, as those in rats given antigen alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between neutrophil infiltration and tissue eosinophilia in the rat.

Infection of rats with the parasite Mesocestoides corti increased the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the blood. These peaked 11 days after infection and had declined to control levels by day 24. Increased number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells were also present in the peritoneal cavities of rats 24 days after infection. These gradually declined to reach control values by day 81. Intraperitoneal administration of glycogen to uninfected rats and to rats that had been infected for 24 and 81 days caused a transient increase in blood neutrophil numbers, maximal at 4 h. Although glycogen increased the numbers of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavities of uninfected animals and animals infected for 81 days, it did not increase the number of peritoneal neutrophils in rats that had been infected 24 days earlier. These results suggest that neutrophil infiltration can be impaired in animals undergoing an inflammatory response characterized by increased numbers of eosinophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acheson and after.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1987

Acute myelopathy associated with primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus.

A 29 year old white homosexual man presented with a two and a half week history of severe sore throat, fever, and extreme fatigue. His symptoms did not respond to antibiotics. He had mild bilateral conjunctivitis, a rash over his chest and back, and enlarged lymph nodes, but examination of the nervous system yielded normal results. He had low total white cell and platelet counts. The results of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were equivocal when HIV IgM was detected in serum. Despite treatment with ampicillin his temperature remained high and he developed abnormal neurological signs, including a paraparesis and hyperreflexia of the arms. HIV was isolated from lymphocytes from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Over the next six weeks the patient improved and was discharged. Two months later abnormal neurological signs persisted in his legs. Although various neurological syndromes associated with seroconversion to HIV have been described, this is probably the first report of a patient with myelopathy at the time of seroconversion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Oscillations and multiple steady states in a cyclic gene model with repression.

In this paper we study the cyclic gene model with repression considered by H. T. Banks and J. M. Mahaffy. Roughly, the model describes a biochemical feedback loop consisting of an integer number G of single gene reaction sequences in series. The model leads to a system of functional differential equations. We show that there is a qualitative difference in the dynamics between even and odd G if the feedback repression is sufficiently large. For even G, multiple stable steady states can coexist while for odd G, periodic orbits exist.

Feedback↗
PubMed1987

Gonococci in vivo and in vitro. Further studies on the host and bacterial determinants of gonococcal resistance to killing by human serum, and by phagocytes.

A small M, heat and acid labile, host inducer(s) of gonococcal resistance to complement mediated killing by fresh human serum (-FHS), being purified from red blood cell (RBC) extracts, produced changed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, surface antigens and proteins; and acquirement of resistance related to loss of a target antigen for bactericidal IgM, possibly LPS components. A 20 kDalt. lipoprotein with a high content of glutamic acid isolated from outer membranes of a gonococcal strain selected in vivo is a determinant of gonococcal resistance to killing by human phagocytes. Sonic extracts of gonococci may contain a cytotoxin for human phagocytes. At the 4th International Pathogenic Neisseriae Conference, we reported (Parsons et al. 1985) that conditions in vivo induced phenotypic change leading to gonococcal resistance to complement-mediated killing by human serum; and, also, selected gonococcal types which showed a greater resistance to intracellular killing by human phagocytes than laboratory strains. Furthermore, evidence was presented that not only was resistance to complement mediated killing important in gonococcal pathogenesis, but also resistance to phagocytic defences. This paper describes the continuance of our studies on the determinants of induced serum resistance and of resistance to killing by phagocytes including toxicity to these cells. Each section begins by summarising previous work that was referenced in Parsons et al. (1985).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunolocalization of a human basal epithelium specific keratin in benign and malignant breast disease.

This report describes the immunocytochemical localization of a human basal- or myoepithelial-specific anti-keratin antibody in benign and malignant breast disease. Reactivity patterns with this antibody have demonstrated the lack of myoepithelial or basal epithelial participation in most benign breast specimens examined including those displaying cystic disease, fibrosis, or hyperplasia. However, in specimens of sclerosing adenosis, strong reactivity with the majority of cells in most ducts suggests a major participation of the myoepithelial cell type. Analysis of 118 breast carcinoma specimens has demonstrated strong, homogeneous reactivity in 4% of the specimens, suggesting a role for the basal epithelial cell in malignancy of the human mammary gland and implications for the prognosis of such tumors. Antigenic characterization of the malignant and benign mammary specimens which are uniformly reactive with the antibody has demonstrated the presence of a 51 kd keratin polypeptide not found in the non-reactive specimens.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1987

The differential impact of diabetes type on female sexuality.

Although diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of erectile impairment in men, its effect on the sexuality of women remains unclear. Since diabetes consists of different disorders, diabetes type may have confounded previous studies by differentially impacting on sexual functioning and marital satisfaction. To evaluate this possibility, 35 Type I diabetic married women were compared with 42 healthy married controls and 23 Type II diabetic women with 23 controls. Assessments were made on all aspects of sexual response, activity, dysfunction and satisfaction; on cognitive and psychological dimensions of sexuality; and on marital adjustment. Results indicated that diabetes type is highly associated with sexual responsiveness and marital satisfaction. Type I diabetes was found to have little or no effect on women, while Type II diabetes had a pervasively negative impact on sexual desire, orgasmic capacity, lubrication, sexual satisfaction, sexual activity, and on the relationship with the sexual partner.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sibling incest: a study of the dynamics of 25 cases.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the frequently observed dynamics distinctive to the sibling incest family system, and to evaluate how these dynamics might predispose the family system to act out its dysfunction through sibling sexual conduct. Being a descriptive study by nature, the data is based on 25 families which were reported to the Boulder County (Colorado) Sexual Abuse Team between May 1982 and December 1985. The 25 families yielded a significant pattern of common dynamics. Those dynamics which were repeatedly observed throughout these cases were: distant, inaccessible parents; parental stimulation of sexual climate in the home; and family secrets, especially with regard to extramarital affairs. The implications of the findings suggest that the patterns that are emerging are becoming more predictable, making prognosis and therapeutic intervention far more encouraging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Publication bias and clinical trials.

A study was performed to evaluate the extent to which the medical literature may be misleading as a result of selective publication of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with results showing a statistically significant treatment effect. Three hundred eighteen authors of published trials were asked whether they had participated in any unpublished RCTs. The 156 respondents reported 271 unpublished and 1041 published trials. Of the 178 completed unpublished RCTs with a trend specified, 26 (14%) favored the new therapy compared to 423 of 767 (55%) published reports (p less than 0.001). For trials that were completed but not published, the major reasons for nonpublication were "negative" results and lack of interest. From the data provided, it appears that nonpublication was primarily a result of failure to write up and submit the trial results rather than rejection of submitted manuscripts. The results of this study imply the existence of a publication bias of importance both to meta-analysis and the interpretation of statistically significant positive trials.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗