Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Singh

Publications and source records attributed to H Singh.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Dynamic light scattering investigation of sodium caseinate and xanthan mixtures.

Aqueous solutions of sodium caseinate and xanthan at pH 7 and containing 0.1 M NaCl, and their mixtures were investigated using dynamic light scattering. Sodium caseinate solutions showed a bimodal distribution of relaxation rates; with the aggregate peak distribution predominating. Xanthan solutions showed a single distribution at low concentrations (< or =0.06 wt.%) and a bimodal distribution at higher concentrations. The sodium caseinate-xanthan mixture modes were independent of the total biopolymer concentration, and behaved as a superposition of sodium caseinate solution alone and xanthan solution alone. This indicates that there is no interaction between xanthan and sodium caseinate in the range of concentrations considered in this study.

Caseins↗
PubMed2002

Ciprofloxacin-induced QTc prolongation.

Ciprofloxacin has been widely used for treating infections and has been found to have very low cardiovascular side effects. QTc prolongation with the use of ciprofloxacin is yet to be reported in literature. A case report highlighting QTc prolongation by use of ciprofloxacin is being presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Life and past one year stressful events in coronary artery disease.

UNLABELLED: Personality type and role of stressful life events in the etiology of various disease has been a fertile field for research for past few decades. OBJECT STUDY: Very limited studies have been conducted especially for the estimation of stressful life events in Indian population with coronary artery disease (CAD), so a study was conducted to evaluate the same. METHODOLOGY: Ninety patients of CAD (positive for TMT or angiographic proved coronary obstruction) formed the study material. These were evaluated by Jenkin's activity survey (JAS) for personality type and on Presumptive Stressful Life Events (PSLE) scale for life events. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 57 +/- 8.03 years and male: female ratio was 14:1 Fifty one subjects (57%) had Type A personality while thirty nine subjects (43%) had Type B personality. Mean life time stressful life events were 3.4 +/- 1.92 which were higher (p < 0.001) when compared to respective average score of normal Indian population i.e. 10.34 +/- 5.4 and 1.90 +/- 2.62 respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on the present study it may be concluded that Type A personality is more frequently seen in CAD and also that these subjects had a statistically higher incidence of lifetime and past one year stressful events which could have made these subjects more vulnerable to CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The surgical management of congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of surgery for congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of different types of spine surgery in the management of congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis are much less common than congenital scoliosis but potentially more serious, because these curves can progress rapidly and Type I deformities can lead to spinal cord compression and paraplegia. No one operative procedure can be applied to all types and sizes of deformity. The method of surgical treatment depends on the age of the patient, the type and size of the deformity, and the presence or absence of spinal cord compression causing a neurologic deficit. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with a congenital kyphosis (n = 14) or kyphoscoliosis (n = 51) were treated by five different methods of spine arthrodesis: prophylactic posterior arthrodesis before age of 5 years (n = 11), posterior arthrodesis after age 5 years without instrumentation (n = 26) and with instrumentation (n = 12), combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis without instrumentation (n = 7) and with instrumentation (n = 9). Six patients had preoperative lower limb spastic paraparesis caused by spinal cord compression. The mean age at surgery was 9 years 6 months (range, 11 months to 25 years), and all 65 patients were observed for a minimum of 2 years (mean 6 years 6 months, range 2 to 18 years). Fifty-seven patients reached skeletal maturity. RESULTS: A posterior arthrodesis performed before the age of 5 years resulted in a gradual reduction of the kyphosis by a mean 15 degrees in 9 of the 11 patients, followed up for a mean of 11 years, whose initial kyphosis was less than 55 degrees. Patients treated after the age of 5 years by a posterior arthrodesis followed by cast application had poor correction and a high incidence of pseudarthrosis. This was not significantly improved by the addition of posterior instrumentation. For curves greater than 60 degrees, the most successful results were achieved by an anterior spinal release and arthrodesis with strut graft correction followed by posterior arthrodesis with instrumentation (if possible). CONCLUSION: All patients with a Type I or Type III congenital kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis should be treated by a posterior arthrodesis before the age of 5 years and before the kyphosis exceeds 50 degrees. A kyphosis that does not reduce to less than 50 degrees as measured on the lateral spine radiograph made with the patient supine requires an anterior release and arthrodesis with strut grafting followed by posterior arthrodesis with instrumentation (if possible).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Important aspects of behaviour of organic energetic compounds: a review.

The importance of a prediction tool increases with greater relevance for synthesis, performance and vulnerability predictions. Some important aspects of performance behaviour and their theoretical calculations, which are indispensable in recognising energetic molecules of interest, are described here. This review also discusses on factors influencing sensitivity and overall stabilities of organic energetic compounds especially on nitroaromatics and nitramines, and exceptions to this relationship suggest other factors playing roles in specific instances.

Explosions↗
PubMed2001

A Phase I/II study of weekly paclitaxel and 3 days of high dose oral estramustine in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of weekly 1-hour paclitaxel with 3 days of high dose oral estramustine were evaluated in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. METHODS: Patients enrolled in cohorts of three received two cycles of six weekly treatments with 1 week of rest: Cohort I received paclitaxel 40 mg/m2 and estramustine 600 mg/m2, and Cohorts II-IV received paclitaxel 60 mg/m2, 75 mg/m2, or 90 mg/m2, respectively, and estramustine 900 mg/m2. Toxicity was assessed weekly, and response was measured by serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), abdominal computed tomography scans, and bone scans at Week 13. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were enrolled, with 12 in Cohorts III and IV. Four patients did not complete treatment. Grade 3 toxicity included one patient with nausea and diarrhea in Cohort III and one patient each with neutropenia and edema followed by Grade 4 thromboembolism in Cohort IV. Grade 1-2 anemia or myelotoxicity were not observed; 3 patients had neuropathy, 5 patients had hair loss, and 8 patients had gastrointestinal symptoms. A decline in the serum PSA level > or = 50% occurred in none of three patients, one of three patients, four of six patients, and four of six patients in Cohorts I-IV, respectively. An intent-to-treat analysis showed responses in 9 of 18 patients (50%) in Cohorts I-IV, with 9 of 15 responders (60%) in Cohorts II-IV. Seven patients achieved declines in serum PSA levels > 75%. The median duration of PSA response was 16.7 weeks. Response was observed in one of three patients with measurable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD for 1-hour weekly paclitaxel was 90 mg/m2 with 3 days of 900 mg/m2 estramustine. Hematologic and neurotoxicity were reduced markedly, and gastrointestinal symptoms were ameliorated, but thromboembolic events were unaffected. PSA response rates were within the expected 60% range for these agents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Differential requirement for the transcription factor PU.1 in the generation of natural killer cells versus B and T cells.

PU.1 is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors required for the development of various lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, but its role in natural killer (NK) cell development is not known. The study shows that PU.1 is expressed in NK cells and that, on cell transfer into alymphoid Rag2/gammac(-/-) mice, hematopoietic progenitors of PU.1(-/-) fetal liver cells could generate functional NK cells but not B or T cells. Nevertheless, the numbers of bone marrow NK cell precursors and splenic mature NK cells were reduced compared to controls. Moreover, PU.1(-/-) NK cells displayed reduced expression of the receptors for stem cell factor and interleukin (IL)-7, suggesting a nonredundant role for PU.1 in regulating the expression of these cytokine receptor genes during NK cell development. PU.1(-/-) NK cells also showed defective expression of inhibitory and activating members of the Ly49 family and failed to proliferate in response to IL-2 and IL-12. Thus, despite the less stringent requirement for PU.1 in NK cell development compared to B and T cells, PU.1 regulates NK cell differentiation and homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evidence from the Pacific troposphere for large global sources of oxygenated organic compounds.

The presence of oxygenated organic compounds in the troposphere strongly influences key atmospheric processes. Such oxygenated species are, for example, carriers of reactive nitrogen and are easily photolysed, producing free radicals-and so influence the oxidizing capacity and the ozone-forming potential of the atmosphere-and may also contribute significantly to the organic component of aerosols. But knowledge of the distribution and sources of oxygenated organic compounds, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, is limited. Here we characterize the tropospheric composition of oxygenated organic species, using data from a recent airborne survey conducted over the tropical Pacific Ocean (30 degrees N to 30 degrees S). Measurements of a dozen oxygenated chemicals (carbonyls, alcohols, organic nitrates, organic pernitrates and peroxides), along with several C2-C8 hydrocarbons, reveal that abundances of oxygenated species are extremely high, and collectively, oxygenated species are nearly five times more abundant than non-methane hydrocarbons in the Southern Hemisphere. Current atmospheric models are unable to correctly simulate these findings, suggesting that large, diffuse, and hitherto-unknown sources of oxygenated organic compounds must therefore exist. Although the origin of these sources is still unclear, we suggest that oxygenated species could be formed via the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, the photochemical degradation of organic matter in the oceans, and direct emissions from terrestrial vegetation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Comparative studies of the estrogen receptors beta and alpha and the androgen receptor in normal human prostate glands, dysplasia, and in primary and metastatic carcinoma.

An antibody, GC-17, thoroughly characterized for its specificity for estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta), was used to immunolocalize the receptor in histologically normal prostate, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, primary carcinomas, and in metastases to lymph nodes and bone. Comparisons were made between ER-beta, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), and androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining in these tissues. Concurrently, transcript expression of the three steroid hormone receptors was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis on laser capture-microdissected samples of normal prostatic acini, dysplasias, and carcinomas. In Western blot analyses, GC-17 selectively identified a 63-kd protein expressed in normal and malignant prostatic epithelial cells as well as in normal testicular and prostatic tissues. This protein likely represents a posttranslationally modified form of the long-form ER-beta, which has a predicted size of 59 kd based on polypeptide length. In normal prostate, ER-beta immunostaining was predominately localized in the nuclei of basal cells and to a lesser extent stromal cells. ER-alpha staining was only present in stromal cell nuclei. AR immunostaining was variable in basal cells but strongly expressed in nuclei of secretory and stromal cells. Overall, prostatic carcinogenesis was characterized by a loss of ER-beta expression at the protein and transcript levels in high-grade dysplasias, its reappearance in grade 3 cancers, and its diminution/absence in grade 4/5 neoplasms. In contrast, AR was strongly expressed in all grades of dysplasia and carcinoma. Because ER-beta is thought to function as an inhibitor of prostatic growth, androgen action, presumably mediated by functional AR and unopposed by the beta receptor, may have provided a strong stimulus for aberrant cell growth. With the exception of a small subset of dysplasias in the central zone and a few carcinomas, ER-alpha-stained cells were not found in these lesions. The majority of bone and lymph node metastases contained cells that were immunostained for ER-beta. Expression of ER-beta in metastases may have been influenced by the local microenvironment in these tissues. In contrast, ER-alpha-stained cells were absent in bone metastases and rare in lymph nodes metastases. Irrespective of the site, AR-positive cells were found in all metastases. Based on our recent finding of anti-estrogen/ER-beta-mediated growth inhibition of prostate cancer cells in vitro, the presence of ER-beta in metastatic cells may have important implications for the treatment of late-stage disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of patient characteristics and utilisation of invasive cardiac procedures in a UK ethnic population with unstable angina pectoris.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient characteristics and utilisation of invasive cardiac procedures in a UK ethnic population with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral cardiology centre in the United Kingdom serving a large Asian ethnic population. SUBJECTS: White and Asian patients undergoing PTCA for UAP over a 2.5-year period at a UK referral cardiology centre from a comprehensive PTCA database. Data were also collated for all emergency admissions with unstable angina, or angina (type unspecified), to our institute. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic and angiographic characteristics of patients undergoing PTCA. Frequency of usage of invasive cardiac procedures was determined in emergency angina admissions. RESULTS: From January 1997 to July 1999, 435 White and 36 Asian patients underwent PTCA for UAP at our institute. Asian patients were on average 4.4 years younger (P=0.015), had 19.3% more diabetes (P=0.003) and 19.7% less smoking (P=0.007). Trends to more single vessel disease in Whites and more double vessel disease in Asians were observed, with similar rates of triple vessel disease. Interestingly, Asians also had trends towards more left-sided coronary artery disease and revascularisation, smaller vessels and less bail-out stenting. Asian patients were significantly less likely to undergo coronary angiography, OR 0.64 (CI 0.45-0.91, P=0.012), during the index admission, and showed a trend to less PTCA. CONCLUSIONS: Asian patients with unstable angina pectoris appear to have clinical and angiographic differences from their White counterparts, and are less likely to have invasive cardiac procedures deployed. The reasons for these observations require elucidation and the prognostic significance of these findings is uncertain.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of heat-induced aggregates of beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin in a whey protein concentrate environment.

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), dispersed in ultrafiltration permeate, that had been prepared from whey protein concentrate solution (100 g/kg, pH 6.8), were heated at 75 degrees C. The sequent protein aggregation was studied by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). When 100 g beta-lg/kg permeate solution was heated at 75 degrees C, cooled and examined, large aggregates were observed. These aggregates were partially dissociated in SDS solution to give monomers, disullphide-bonded dimers, trimers and larger aggregates. When mixtures of beta-lg and alpha-la or BSA were heated, homopolymers of each protein as well as heteropolymers of these proteins were observed. These polymer species were also served in a heated mixture of the three proteins. Two-dimensional PAGE of mixtures demonstrated that these polymers species contained disulphide-bonded dimers of beta-lg. alpha-la and BSA, and 1:1 disulphide-bonded adducts of alpha-la and beta-lg, or BSA. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which the free thiols of heat-treated beta-lg or BSA catalyse the formation of a range of monomers, dimers and higher polymers of alpha-la. It is likely that when whey protein concentrate is heated under the present eonditions. BSA forms disulphide-bonded strands ahead of beta-lg and that alpha-la aggregation with beta-lg and with itself is catalysed by the heat-induced unfolded BSA and beta-lg.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Molecular marker analysis of protein content using PCR-based markers in wheat.

Grain protein concentration (GPC) of hexaploid wheat is one of the important factors that determines the end-product quality as well as playing a pivotal role in human nutrition. In an attempt to identify PCR-based DNA markers linked to GPC, 106 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from a cross between two wheat cultivars PH132 and WL711, which differ significantly in GPC, by the single seed descent method. The RILs were phenotyped for GPC at two diverse agroclimatic locations, namely Pune and Ludhiana, to study the influence of genotype and environment interactions on this trait. The parents were screened with 85 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and 350 random primers. The selective genotyping and whole population analysis revealed nine DNA markers associated with the trait. Three markers (UBC8441100, UBC8801000, and OPA4800) were observed to be associated with the trait in both locations, whereas two markers (OPH41400) and UBC873750) werefound to be specific to Pune, and four markers (OPM5870, OPO10870, OPV141200, and UBC8251000) were specific to Ludhiana. Together five markers at the Pune location representing five QTLs and seven markers at Ludhiana representing four QTLs accounted for 13.4 and 13.5% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. This study clearly demonstrates that GPC is highly influenced by the environment, and the applicability of ISSR and RAPD markers in finding regions on chromosomes associated with quantitative characters in wheat such as GPC.

Breeding↗
PubMed2001

Acute renal failure due to bilateral matrix renal calculi--a diagnostic dilemma.

We report an unusual case of acute renal failure caused by bilateral matrix calculi. The difficulties in diagnosing the cause of renal failure and the management of the case are discussed. Matrix calculi are rare causes of acute renal failure. Being radiolucent they can be elusive and systematic investigation and a diligent search are required for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2001

Interventional radiology in the gynaecological oncology patient.

The use of radiologically guided percutaneous procedures has greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality of gynaecological oncology patients. Certain procedures, previously requiring major surgery, can now be performed with little patient discomfort, with conscious sedation instead of general anaesthesia, and frequently on an outpatient basis. In this chapter, diagnostic and therapeutic arteriography and venography will be discussed as well as radiologically guided genitourinary interventions. This represents an overview of what is available to the gynaecologist from the interventional radiologist in his/her practice.

Angiography↗
PubMed2001

ProPred: prediction of HLA-DR binding sites.

UNLABELLED: ProPred is a graphical web tool for predicting MHC class II binding regions in antigenic protein sequences. The server implement matrix based prediction algorithm, employing amino-acid/position coefficient table deduced from literature. The predicted binders can be visualized either as peaks in graphical interface or as colored residues in HTML interface. This server might be a useful tool in locating the promiscuous binding regions that can bind to several HLA-DR alleles. AVAILABILITY: The server is available at http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/propred/ CONTACT: raghava@imtech.res.in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/propred/page3.html

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Issues in public health: assuaging concern from contaminated land resulting from land use dynamics in Malaysia.

The anthropogenic disturbance of pristine natural areas caused by land use and transformation from one use to another as a result of increased pressure from demographic changes and the economics of this shrinking resource can result in adverse health hazards for the community. This paper appraises the consequential impact of land use dynamics, its assessment and measures required to assuage this overlooked public health issue. The anthropogenic impact from land use in Malaysia from the industrial sector alone points toward the potential capacity to cause adverse health hazards. A deficiency in assessing this impact due to limited information has resulted in the inability to establish the extent of this problem. Several necessary measures to establish the extent of the problem involving ways to characterise contaminated land and the evolution of a strategy to resolve it are discussed.

Agriculture↗