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Biomedical subjects

H Singh

Publications and source records attributed to H Singh.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Extent of occurrence of the six vaccine preventable diseases in vaccinated/unvaccinated children.

Sixty two children who were diagnosed to be suffering from any of the six vaccine preventable diseases were studied to know their vaccination status prior to the occurrence of these diseases. A total of 33.9% of these children had developed these diseases inspite of full immunization. Nearly 75% of immunized children had received the vaccine from Government sources. The break-up diseases among the children studied was tetanus (35.5%), poliomyelitis and pulmonary tuberculosis (22.6% each), measles (11.3%), diphtheria (6.4%) and pertussis (1.6%). The vaccinated children who developed poliomyelitis belonged to a relatively higher age group. Seventy one per cent of measles cases developed bronchopneumonia as a complication. Seventy five per cent of the mortality in the children studied was due to tetanus neonatorum. Since one third of the children studied had developed diseases inspite of full immunization, it is inferred that closer monitoring of the Cold Chain System and intensive surveillance at peripheral levels are required.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Enuresis: analysis of 100 cases.

One hundred children with enuresis were studied to find out various factors responsible for this condition. Enuresis was more frequent in first born, service class and bottle fed children. There was a significant role of stress factors in causation of enuresis. We found a higher frequency of behavioral symptoms among children with enuresis. There was no significant correlation between enuresis and sex, education of parents, social class, sleep patterns, age of mother at marriage and intellectual grades of the children. Worm infestations, giardiasis, amebiasis and urinary infection were seen in 70% of cases. General body weakness, cold and nervousness were the common causes of enuresis in the parents' opinion. The main reason for not seeking the treatment at an early stage in view of parents' was that they thought enuresis a normal variant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Stressful family life events and nonspecific somatic complaints in school children.

The relationship between stressful family life events and somatic complaints in 477 school children was studied. There was a significant association between life events and somatic complaints, with a general trend for somatic complaints to increase in almost direct proportion to the number of family life events. Overall occurrence of these nonspecific symptoms was more in girls. The somatic complaints were significantly more in children from nuclear families and of illiterate or poorly educated mothers. No significant association was observed between somatic complaints and number of children in the family or socio-economic status. Assessment of psychodevelopmental tasks and family environment during routine check up of children by the school health teams and their appropriate training in this field should be stressed upon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Enriched collagen as coadjuvant therapeutic agent in experimental osteomyelitis in dogs.

Osteomyelitis was induced in the tibiae of dogs by injecting hemolytic strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical, radiological and histomorphological reactions in the diseased tibiae were studied up to 15 weeks to evaluate the response of infected bone to parenteral oxytetracycline in cases of closed wounds and surgical curettage, antimicrobial irrigation along with parenteral oxytetracycline therapy in animals carrying open wounds. Enriched collagen as a constituent of therapeutic regimen was also administered locally and its efficacy during resolution of osteomyelitis was compared with other treatments. Surgical curettage along with irrigation of lesions was observed to be an effective method for bringing an early recovery in aggravated cases of osteomyelitis. The addition of collagen enhanced the healing process in comparison with non-collagen treated animals.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1991

The effect of retrobulbar anesthesia on visual acuity in planned extracapsular cataract extraction.

To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia on visual acuity. We compared the preoperative best corrected near visual acuity of 30 consecutive patients undergoing planned extracapsular cataract extraction with their best corrected near visual acuity 10 minutes following successful retrobulbar anesthesia. The mean decrease in acuity was 2.83 lines on a Jaeger near card. Postinjection visual acuity did not change in four eyes. In general, the longer the globe axial length, the greater the decrease in visual acuity following retrobulbar block. There was no significant correlation between postinjection acuity and patient age or volume of anesthetic injected.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Physiological dead space & arterial to end-tidal CO2 difference under controlled normocapnic ventilation in young anaesthetised subjects.

Physiological dead space and its components were determined in 27 young, otherwise healthy anaesthetised individuals before start of surgery. A squarewave inspiratory flow pattern and an end inspiratory pause (25 and 10% of cycle time respectively) were used at a respiratory rate of around 16 bpm with minute ventilation adjusted to maintain normocapnia. The physiological dead space was found to be 2.23 ml/kg with anatomical dead space forming 110.66 +/- 27.55 ml out of 125.55 +/- 27.06 ml. While VD alv was positively correlated to pause pressure, VD ant was correlated to age, weight, and body surface area. Mean arterial end tidal carbon dioxide difference was quite low (0.24 +/- 0.44 kPa).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Metabolism of saturated and polyunsaturated very-long-chain fatty acids in fibroblasts from patients with defects in peroxisomal beta-oxidation.

The metabolism of [1-14C]lignoceric acid (C24:0) and [1-14C]tetracosatetraenoic acid (C24:4, n-6) was studied in normal skin fibroblast cultures and in cultures from patients with defects in peroxisomal beta-oxidation (but normal peroxisomal numbers). Cells from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patients with a presumed defect in a peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase, specific for fatty acids of carbon chain lengths greater than 22 (very-long-chain fatty acids; VLCFA), showed a relatively normal production of radiolabelled CO2 and water-soluble metabolites from [1-14C]C24:0. However, the products of synthesis from acetate de novo (released by beta-oxidation), i.e. C16 and C18 fatty acids, were decreased, and carbon chain elongation of the fatty acid was increased. In contrast, cell lines from two patients with an unidentified lesion in peroxisomal beta-oxidation (peroxisomal disease, PD) showed a marked deficiency in CO2 and water-soluble metabolite production, a decreased synthesis of C16 and C18 fatty acids and an increase in carbon chain elongation. The relatively normal beta-oxidation activity of ALD cells appears to be related to low uptake of substrate, as a defect in beta-oxidation is apparent when measurements are performed on cell suspensions under high uptake conditions. Oxidation of [1-14C]C24:4 was relatively normal in ALD cells and in the cells from one PD patient but abnormal in those from the other. Our data suggest that, despite the deficiency in VLCFA CoA synthetase, ALD cells retain a near normal ability to oxidize both saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFA under some culture conditions. However, acetate released by beta-oxidation of the saturated VLCFA and, to a much lesser degree, the polyunsaturated VLCFA, appears to be used preferentially for the production of CO2 and water-soluble products, and acetate availability for fatty acid synthesis in other subcellular compartments is markedly decreased. It is likely that the increased carbon chain elongation of the saturated VLCFA which is also observed reflects the increased availability of substrate (C24:0) and/or an increase in microsomal elongation activity in ALD cells.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1990

Fluphenazine dose, clinical response, and extrapyramidal symptoms during acute treatment.

Fifty-three patients with acute exacerbations of Research Diagnostic Criteria schizophrenic, schizoaffective (mainly schizophrenic), and other nonaffective psychoses completed 24 or 28 days of treatment with randomized, fixed, double-blind doses of 10, 20, or 30 mg of oral fluphenazine hydrochloride daily. In the sample as a whole, improvement was not predicted by dose but was negatively related to duration of illness and of lifetime hospitalization, and to the presence of akathisia during the study (which was unrelated to chronicity). But among patients showing 40% or greater improvement in positive symptoms, percent improvement was predicted by dose and dose per kilogram of body weight; this was not the case for negative symptoms. Severity of acute extrapyramidal symptoms (excluding acute dystonia, dyskinesia, and akathisia) was significantly correlated with dosage per kilogram. Doses greater than 0.2 mg/kg per day were associated with greater clinical improvement but also with a high incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms; doses over 0.3 mg/kg per day were associated with more severe extrapyramidal symptoms. These preliminary results suggest that there is a linear relationship between fluphenazine dosage and acute outcome, and that this relationship is observed in patients whose conditions improve to a criterion level. It is suggested that the nonresponder group may include many patients in whom dose is not relevant because they are unable (for a variety of reasons) to respond to the study treatment conditions; excluding them from analysis may allow a significant dose-response relationship to be observed. Akathisia deserves further study as a possible predictor of nonresponse.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of hormonal drugs. I. Hydrocortisone.

Genotoxic evaluation of a widely used glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone, was undertaken using a battery of in vitro and in vivo test systems. Human lymphocyte cultures and mouse bone marrow studies (micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange analyses) showed the drug to be very potent clastogen. However, the Ames/Salmonella assay both with and without S9 did not show an increase in the His+ revertants.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Calcium handling by renal tubules during oxygen deprivation injury to the kidney prior to reoxygenation.

Efforts to more precisely define the mechanism(s) of ischemic injury to renal epithelial tissue, both during O2 deprivation and reflow, have led to the expanding use of freshly isolated renal tubules. This tissue is prepared in a manner that eliminates the impact of changes in vascular resistance and influences of hormones, as well as temporal changes in pH and in regional pO2, and has permitted investigators to focus on the definitive cellular responses to O2 deprivation itself. When such studies are evaluated it becomes clear that in vitro anoxia, for up to 60 minutes, is not associated with any increase in total tissue Ca2+ as measured by atomic absorption techniques, whereas severe hypoxia is attended by a time-dependent increase in total tissue Ca2+. In both severe hypoxia and anoxia, however, the Ca2+ uptake rate is increased, but during hypoxia the less severe acidosis, as well as the continued, albeit modest, mitochondrial energization, appears to facilitate mitochondrial (and thus total tissue) Ca2+ accumulation. In vivo and in vitro, the administration of calcium channel blockers (CCB) attenuates renal oxygen-deprivation-induced injury and one, often overlooked, effect of verapamil, a prototypical CCB, is to reduce K+ loss from treated tissue via inhibition of Ca2(+)-mediated K+ efflux pathways. This may be the cause of the higher levels of K+ reported for several tissues, including kidney tubules, during CCB treatment. In addition, reduced rates of Ca2+ uptake effected by CCB may modify cytosolic free Ca2+ levels such that activation of phospholipases is impaired.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid on to poly(vinyl chloride) films and their thrombogenicity.

Methacrylic acid (MAA) was radiation grafted on to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films to improve the blood compatibility of PVC. The thromobogenicity of MAA grafted PVC was evaluated by thrombus formation, platelet adhesion and haemolytic activity in vitro. The hydrophilicity of grafted PVC films was investigated by contact angle measurement. Methacrylic acid grafted PVC film showed lower thrombogenicity than that of PVC. It was found that the weight of thrombus formed on grafted PVC was less than that of PVC and glass and decreased with the increase in the graft level. The adhesion of platelets on grafted PVC was retarded after grafting with MAA hydrogels.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

Study of perturbed angular correlation parameters in bovine serum albumin using 133Ba as a probe.

The gamma-gamma sum peak method has been applied to the measurement of the total attenuation factors G22, in different concentrations of biological material, bovine serum albumin (BSA) using 133Ba as a probe. It is observed that G22 is inversely proportional to the correlation time of the two cascade radiations and to the concentration of biological sample surrounding the probe.

Barium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates.

Methodological issues involved in assessing the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia are discussed, and previous research in this area is comprehensively reviewed. Many studies suffer from methodological shortcomings, including the lack of diagnostic rigor, adequate sample sizes, and simultaneous assessment of different types of substance abuse (e.g., stimulants, sedatives). In general, the evidence suggests that the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia is comparable to that in the general population, with the possible exceptions of stimulant and hallucinogen abuse, which may be greater in patients with schizophrenia. Data are presented on the association of substance abuse with demographics, diagnosis, history of illness, and symptoms in 149 recently hospitalized DSM-III-R schizophrenic, schizophreniform, and schizoaffective disorder patients. Demographic characteristics were strong predictors of substance abuse, with gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status being most important. Stimulant abusers tended to have their first hospitalization at an earlier age and were more often diagnosed as having schizophrenia, but did not differ in their symptoms from nonabusers. A history of cannabis abuse was related to fewer symptoms and previous hospitalizations, suggesting that more socially competent patients were prone to cannabis use. The findings show that environmental factors may be important determinants of substance abuse among schizophrenic-spectrum patients and that clinical differences related to abuse vary with different types of drugs.

Adolescent↗