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Biomedical subjects

H Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to H Shoji.

281 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Secular trends in mortality for cerebrovascular diseases in Japan, 1960 to 1979.

In Japan the age-adjusted death rate from cerebrovascular diseases has decreased for both males and females since 1965. This downward trend accelerated in 1971. This is not due to artifacts such as changes in diagnostic methods of stroke and in rules for coding cause of death on death certificates. The progress and spread of detection, treatment and control of hypertension appears to have been the greatest contributing factor. Furthermore, improvement in the dietary habits, that is, a decrease in salt intake and an appropriate increase in the amount of animal fat and protein taken are also considered to have contributed to the decline in stroke mortality. The regional difference in the standardized mortality ratio for stroke markedly observed in 1960 was still seen even in the 1970's, but the difference became smaller. Mechanization of farming works may be partly accountable for the decrease in the regional difference.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic studies of stroke in Shibata, a Japanese provincial city: preliminary report on risk factors for cerebral infarction.

A 6.5-year prospective study of cerebral infarction among residents 40 years and older was conducted at the Akadani-Ijimino district in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The response rate for the initial examination was 85% of 1,182 males and 93% of 1,469 females. Nine hundred and sixty males and 1,339 females who were initially free of stroke were followed up from July 1977 through December 1983. Statistically significant risk factors for cerebral infarction appeared to be age, elevated blood pressure, high R, ST-T changes and atrial fibrillation on ECG, and albuminuria. The ECG abnormalities and albuminuria were due to the high blood pressure persisted over a long period of time. The strength of association of blood pressure with cerebral infarction got weak in comparison with other factors, and funduscopic changes which had been regarded as a risk factor for stroke in 1965-1974 did not reach statistical significance because of the spread of the community-based hypertension control. Even in 1977-1983 when Japanese dietary habits were westernized, neither hyperlipidemia nor obesity appeared to be related to the development of cerebral infarction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The synergistic action of the anterior cruciate ligament and thigh muscles in maintaining joint stability.

The synergistic action of the ACL and the thigh muscles in maintaining joint stability was studied experimentally. The EMG from the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups was recorded and analyzed in three separate experimental procedures in which the knee was stressed. The test revealed that direct stress of the ACL has a moderate inhibitory effect on the quadriceps, but simultaneously it directly excites the hamstrings. Similar responses were also obtained in patients with ACL damage during loaded knee extension with tibia subluxation, indicating that an alternative reflex arc unrelated to ACL receptors was available to maintain joint integrity. The antagonist muscles (hamstrings) were clearly demonstrated to assume the role of joint stabilizers in the patient who has a deficient ACL. The importance of an appropriate muscle-conditioning rehabilitation program in such a patient is substantiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The EMG-force relationships of skeletal muscle; dependence on contraction rate, and motor units control strategy.

The dependence of the EMG vs force relationships on skeletal muscles contraction rate, and its motor units recruitment control strategy were studied. An electrical nerve stimulation technique capable of orderly excitation of motor units according to their size with simultaneous increase in their discharge rate was applied to isometric preparations of the M. gastrocnemius muscle of the cat. Muscle force and intramuscularly recorded EMG were normalized and plotted against each other. The method of least squares (p less than .05) was used to yield the best fit linear regression polynominials to the pooled data from several preparations. Strong dependency on the motor unit recruitment strategy was exhibited by the results. Linear EMG vs force relationships was evident when all the motor units were recruited to generate the initial 50% of the maximal force while discharge rate continued to increase up to the maximal force. Progressive increase in non-linearity was evident as recruitment of motor units generated 60% and up to 100% of the initial force concurrently with firing rate increase. Contraction rate (force generation rate) increase from 36% sec up to 360% sec resulted in nearly identical normalized EMG vs force relationships, although the maximal force increased by up to 22.5% as the contraction rate increased to 360% sec. The results of this study issue a clear warning against the direct use of EMG to predict muscle force in biomechanical and kinesiological research without correcting for the variables discussed in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in electrical charge of leukocyte surface membranes during hemodialysis. Possible role in transient leukopenia.

Change in the electrical charge of leukocyte surface membranes during hemodialysis (HD) using a cellulose membrane was studied by examining adsorbability of leukocytes taken from patients undergoing HD to cation and anion exchange resins. Leukocytes of HD patients were well adsorbed to both anion and cation exchange resins, whereas normal leukocytes were only minimally adsorbed to a cation exchange resin, suggesting that the surface membranes of normal leukocytes were charged electronegatively. Adsorbability to anion exchange resin by patients' leukocytes taken from the venous limb of the HD circuit line 15 minutes after starting HD was significantly decreased when using a cellulosic membrane. This suggests that the decrease in electronegative leukocyte surface membrane charge, which may facilitate the attachment of leukocytes to electronegatively charged endothelial cell membranes, is the factor leading to leukopenia. Adsorbability to anion exchange resin by normal leukocytes incubated with plasma taken from HD patients 10 to 60 minutes after starting HD was increased, suggesting an increase in electronegatively charged substances in patients' plasma; these recombine with leukocyte surface membranes thereby increasing the electronegative charges of the leukocyte surface membranes and enabling subsequent release of leukocytes from endothelial cells, consistent with the transient nature of the leukopenia.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scintigraphy in the diagnosis of osteonecrosis.

Scintigraphy, using 99mTc diphosphonate, has the potential for diagnosing osteonecrosis before irreversible changes are visible in routine roentgenograms. If obtained within weeks of an avascular insult, a cold area will appear on scintiscan. However, months later, the revascularization and reparative processes of the dead bone produce a hot area on scintiscan.

Femur Head Necrosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current concepts in synovial fluid analysis.

The systematic examination of synovial fluid confirms the noninflammatory nature of degenerative joint disease, is diagnostic of gout, pseudogout, and septic arthritis, and will usually allow the identification of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Reiter's syndrome.

Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone injuries due to tetany or convulsions during hemodialysis.

Two patients with long standing uremia sustained bone injuries due to tetany in one, and convulsions secondary to hemodialysis-induced alkalosis and hypomagnesemia in the other. In the former, there were multiple fractures involving the scapula, clavicles and femoral necks. In the latter, there was a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Caution should be exercised against tetany or convulsive episodes which may cause bone injuries during hemodiaylsis in severely osteoporotic patients. In patients with progressive renal osteodystrophy, prevention of severe osteopenia by timely kidney transplant or subtotal parathyroidectomy is an important preventative measure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scintimetric evaluation of complications after femoral neck fractures.

The primary surgical approach to the femoral neck fracture should be one with the lowest mortality and morbidity. Internal fixation appears to be the safe and logical approach for most of the reducible intracapsular fractures. Careful follow-up of these patients then is important. 85Sr scintimetry is a simple and accurate method in the early detection and evaluation of secondary complications in these patients. The 85Sr scintimetric pattern in the normal healing process was defined in relation to time interval after the fracture. At any time after 4 months following fracture, those hips destined for osteonecrosis, with or without non-union, showed significantly more radionuclide uptake over the femoral head than those hips which healed normally. In non-union there was a trend toward increased counts over the fracture site during 6 to 18 months after fracture, but no such tendency was noted in other periods.

Adult↗