The simultaneous determination of morazone and its major metabolite, phenmetrazine, using an on-column injection technique with fused-silica capillary column gas chromatography is described. The on-column injection technique prevents the decomposition of morazone. The limit of quantitation in 0.1 mL of rat plasma for morazone and phenmetrazine is 5 ng/mL and that in 1.0 mL of rat urine is 1 ng/mL. The within run precisions (%CV) at the concentration of 0.5 micrograms/mL are 3.27% for morazone and 3.09% for phenmetrazine.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A new endo aortic occlusion balloon for limited access cardiac surgery: development and clinical evaluation.

In recent years, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), or limited access cardiac surgery, has been presented as a promising operative procedure. We developed a new balloon device that is inserted directly into the ascending aorta to stop the heart during limited access cardiac surgery. The balloon has a three lumen structure: balloon lumen port, cardioplegia/vent lumen port, and aortic root lumen port. This direct EAC balloon catheter, designed to be inserted directly into the ascending aorta, is different from the Heartport system. The Heartport EAC balloon catheter is inserted into the aorta via an artery in the lower limb, making lower limb arterial disease a key concern. Our Direct Endo Aortic Clamp (EAC) balloon overcomes this problem. The device was clinically used in seven cardiac cases. All patients were discharged within 5 postoperative days, confirming the utility of the device.

Aorta↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficiency of an air filter at the drainage site in a closed circuit with a centrifugal blood pump: an in vitro study.

In a closed circuit with a centrifugal blood pump, one of the serious obstacles to clinical application is sucking of air bubbles into the drainage circuit. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficiency of an air filter at the drainage site. We used whole bovine blood and the experimental circuit consisted of a drainage circuit, two air filters, a centrifugal blood pump, a membrane oxygenator, a return circuit, and a reservoir. Air was injected into the drainage circuit with a roller pump, and the number and size of air bubbles were measured. The air filter at the drainage site could remove the air bubbles (>40 microm) by itself, but adding a vacuum removed more bubbles (>40 microm) than without vacuum. Our results suggest that an air filter at the drainage site could effectively remove air bubbles, and that adding the filter in a closed circuit with a centrifugal blood pump would be safer.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral outcomes.

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Cardiovascular Diseases↗