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Biomedical subjects

H Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to H Shimada.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The relation between pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) activity in colorectal cancer tissues and pathological effects].

Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) and IL-1 alpha concentration were measured in colorectal cancer tissues from 15 patients who preoperatively administered 5'-DFUR orally. The relation between changes of the PyNPase activity and pathological effects of resected specimens was studied. PyNPase activity changes showed that the increase cases were 9 patients and the decrease cases were 6 patients in pre- and post-administration of 5'-DFUR. The IL-1 alpha concentration in cancer tissues was 2933.65 +/- 2038.65 in the decrease cases and 1207.51 +/- 1378.83 in the increase cases. The level was significantly higher in the decrease case (p < 0.05). And there tended to be more pathologically effective in the decrease cases than in increase cases. The effects of preoperative oral chemotherapy in colorectal cancer was strongly influenced by changes of PyNPase activity and IL-1 alpha concentration in tumor tissues.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Construction of cDNA bank from biopsy specimens for multiple gene analysis of cancer.

We constructed a "cDNA bank" of human colorectal cancer and surrounding normal tissues with our unique mRNA assay system. Total nucleic acids extracted from patients' tissues were applied to 96-well plates, where poly(dT) sequences of oligonucleotides were immobilized. After hybridization, the cDNA was reverse-transcribed on the plate with the captured mRNA as a template, followed by synthesis of double-stranded (ds) cDNA. The resulting sense cDNA was removed from the plate, then used in PCR for analysis of various genes. The sense strand of the cDNA was repeatedly synthesized by using the immobilized antisense cDNA as a template even from plates used once and stored at 4 degrees C for as long as 6 months. Furthermore, the results of PCR could be easily compared among different specimens if the same amount of total mRNA were applied to the plate for the ds cDNA synthesis. This demonstrated that the cDNA bank constructed from clinical materials provides almost unlimited supplies of cDNA for multiple gene analysis of cancer.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

[Mode of spreading and biological behavior in bile duct carcinoma].

There are three macroscopic types of hepatic bile duct carcinoma, such as papillary (P-), nodular (N-) and diffuse (D-) type. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that P-type expressed cadherin and catenin higher than N- and D-types. The expressions of both cadherin and catenin were found stronger in pap and tub1 than tub2. The nuclear area of cancer cell, correlated with both labeling index of Ki-67 and aberrant accumulation of p53, was significantly larger in the subserosal layer than in the mucosal layer. These may explain the differences in the biological behavior between P- and N, D-types. P-type grows within the mucosal layer, while N- and d-type are more invasive, developing into the subserosal layer. Our clinical data also demonstrates the poor prognosis of N-, D-type of hepatic bile duct carcinoma. On these basis of the biological malignancy of N, D-type, it is critical to remain the surgical margin free from cancer cells to cure this type of hepatic bile duct carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[An autopsy case of multiple myeloma with pineal body and spinal cord dura mater infiltration].

An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (IgD lambda type) with pineal body and spinal cord dura mater infiltration is reported. The 63-year-old man was diagnosed as multiple myeloma (IgD lambda type). He was treated with melphalan and prednisolone. Extra bone marrow masses developed 1 year after the onset. He died with renal failure. At autopsy there were many extra bone marrow masses including pineal body and dura mater of the thoracic cord. Microscopic examination revealed that those mass lesions consisted of neoplastic plasma cells. Myeloma cells also infiltrated perivascular space near the pineal body, subdural space of the cerebrum and brain stem. The cells were labeled VS 38 c immunohistochemically. We discussed routes of the metastasis to the central nervous system of the multiple myeloma. This case suggests that the way of myeloma cells infiltration to the pineal body is hematogenous metastasis, because pineal body have no blood brain barrier.

Dura Mater↗
PubMed1997

[Comparison between indocyanine green angiography and histopathological observations of choroidal neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration].

We classified choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) (20 eyes) in age-related macular degeneration into four types (Type I: hyperfluorescence in both early and late phases, Type II: hyperfluorescence only in the early phase, Type III: hyperfluorescence only in the late phase, Type IV: virtually no hyperfluorescence in any phase) using indocyanine green angiography (IA). We performed surgery to remove CNM with these IA findings. After 17 surgically extracted specimens had been stained with hematoxylin-eosin and azan, they were examined by tight microscopy. Three other specimens were examined by electron microscopy. Type I showed many vascular channels, not present in the surrounding retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and little fibrous tissue. Type II had many vascular channels but RPE cells surrounded the CNM. Type III showed few vascular channels and RPE cell proliferation. Type IV showed abundant fibrous tissue. The IA findings of CNM were thought to be determined by the number of vascular channels, maturity of vessels, degree of surrounding by RPE cells, and the amount of fibrous tissue within the CNM.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Matrilysin gene expression in sporadic and familial colorectal adenomas.

We examined the expression of matrilysin mRNA in sporadic and hereditary colorectal adenomas to clarify the role of matrilysin in tumorigenesis. Matrilysin mRNA was not detected in normal colorectal mucosa from patients with either sporadic or familial adenomas. Matrilysin mRNA expression in sporadic adenomas correlated with the degree of dysplasia and the size of the mass, whereas most of the adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli expressed matrilysin mRNA irrespective of adenoma size or degree of dysplasia. Because matrilysin is more likely to be expressed in adenomas with a potential for malignancy, this enzyme may play a role in the malignant conversion of colorectal adenomas.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

[Reasonable lymph node dissection for T2 or T3 midthoracic esophageal cancer with cervical lymph-node metastasis].

In order to determine the reasonable lymph node dissection for T2 or T3 midthoracic esophageal cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis, a retrospective study was carried out on 106 patients receiving resection between 1983 and 1996. Metastasis to cervical lymph node was obtained in 27.4% (29/106) of patients with T2 or T3 midthoracic esophageal cancer. Within 29 patients, metastasis in cervical node only, in two fields and in three fields occupied 17.2%, 41.4% and 41.4%, respectively. And according to the histologic examination of dissected lymph nodes, metastatic sites spreaded from neck to perigastric region. Five-year survival rate of 23 patients receiving curative operation was 33.0%, and that of 13 patients excluding 3-field metastasis was 51.9%. But the main sites of nodal recurrence were cervical or superior mediastinal nodes along the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves, and the rate of nodal recurrence was 47.8%. These results of actual state of lymph node metastasis and prognostic benefit of aggressive dissection suggest that 3-field lymph node dissection is mandatory for T2 or T3 midthoracic esophageal cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis. And we should endeavor to upgrade the precise dissection in order to decrease the nodal recurrence.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Prognosis of Japanese membranous nephropathy patients with nephrotic syndrome.

We retrospectively investigated the prognosis and efficacy of various treatments in 58 Japanese patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL) + immunosuppressive (IS) agents (N = 22). PSL alone (N = 23), IS agents alone (N = 5) and aspirin or dipyridamole (N = 8). Overall, 25 patients (43.1%) achieved complete remission (CR), 11 (18.9%) achieved partial remission (PR) and 22 (37.9%) were non-responders (NR). The 10-year survival rate was 90% and the 10-year CR rate was 61.8% as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. There was no significant difference in the CR among treatment groups. Of the 22 patients in the PSL + IS group, 3 progressed to end-stage renal disease and 2, who were more than 65 years old, died of pneumonia. The clinical and histological data at renal biopsy did not significantly differ among the treatment groups. In conclusion, the overall prognosis of MN was excellent. Treatment with PSL and/or IS agents did not appear to be superior to treatment with aspirin or dipyridamole.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1997

Tubulointerstitial lesions in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

The clinical features and quantitative renal morphometry, including the index of mesangial expansion (IME), the index of arteriolar hyalinous change (IAHC), the percentage of globally sclerosed glomeruli (%GS), and interstitial volume fraction for total renal cortex (Vv int/T) of 67 Japanese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were examined. For the total subject population, Vv int/T correlated with urine protein, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, IME, IAHC and %GS, but not with duration of NIDDM. No significant difference in interstitial expansion between normo- and microalbuminuric patients was observed, and Vv int/T did not correlate with urine albumin excretion rate in those patients. However, in the area without hyalinized glomeruli and atrophic tubules, we found significant interstitial expansion and thickening of the tubular basement membrane (TBM) in patients without overt proteinuria as compared with those in the age-matched minimal change control group. This study confirmed that interstitial expansion in NIDDM progresses in parallel with glomerular and arteriolar lesions and that the expansion occurs concurrently with TBM thickening before the appearance of proteinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Normal predicted values of CT indices reflect emphysematous alterations in the lung].

In order to obtain normal values and 95% confidence limits of various CT indices, healthy adult subjects with no history of smoking (n = 36) underwent CT scanning under a variety of conditions. By then applying the normal limits thus obtained to CT images of COPD patients (n = 45), we examined the sensitivity for detecting abnormal emphysematous changes in the lung fields. To measure emphysematous alterations, we used the average value of lung CT densities (ROI), the maximally appearing value in a CT histogram (Hist. Peak), the relative area with low CT densities below -910 HU (%LDA) and the total cross-sectional area (Area) in each lung section. Regardless of the section thickness (10 mm or 1 mm), the lung volume level at which the breath was held or the site from which CT images were taken (upper, middle or lower lung field), no significant correlation was observed between the CT indices associated with emphysematous changes and the subjects' age. This allowed us to define, independently of the subjects' age, normal values and 95% confidence limits for the CT indices. Among the CT indices surveyed, %LDA was found to be the most sensitive indicator for detecting emphysematous abnormalities. In so far as the extent of emphysema may be determined by lung CT density, classical CT images of 10-mm section thickness appear to have a sufficiently high sensitivity for the detection of emphysematous abnormalities, such that high-resolution CT may be unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Endoscopic classification of reflux esophagitis and its new developments].

Endoscopic diagnosis and classification of reflux esophagitis were described, which is gradually increasing in number in Japan. It is important to diagnosefor a type, grade, and degree, hearing stage and others (stenosis, Barrett's esophagus etc), when we perform endoscopic examination for reflux esophagitis patients. Iodine staining should be applied as far as possible. Los Angeles system for classification of reflux esophagitis was proposed at the 10th World Congress of Gastroenterology in October 1994. As for LA classification, reflux esophagitis is classified to 4 grade, from A to D, predicated on the grade of mucosal break. For any doctors, this is easy to apply to the classification of reflux esophagitis and the diagnosis of classification will be equal. The Japanese Society of Disease of Esophagus also proposed the new classification of reflux esophagitis, that is JSED '96 Classification. This classification contains grade 0, which indicate no reflux esophagitis and grade 1, which indicate the discoloring type of esophagitis. Another 3 grades are based on the length of esophagitis and also occupation on circumference of esophagus. This will be suitable for the Japanese reflux esophagitis and can be changed to LA classification easily. The International Society of Disease of Esophagus proposed AFP classification which is useful to decide the application to surgical treatment. The detail of these classifications and the important points on the endoscopic diagnosis of reflux esophagitis were mentioned in this paper.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMed1997

[A case of interstitial pneumonia induced by intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)].

A 61-year-old man with superficial bladder cancer, which was detected after he complained of hematuria, was treated three times with intravesical BCG administration. Since liver dysfunction was detected thereafter, he was admitted to our hospital. Three days after admission, he complained of dyspnea on exertion associated with severe hypoxemia, as well as abnormal findings on chest X-ray, i.e. extensive bilateral lung densities. We performed bronchoscopic examination and obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung biopsy specimens (TBLB). In the BALF, a marked increase in the total cell number, particularly lymphocytes with a high CD4/CD8 ratio was noted. TBLB specimens revealed the lesions to be numerous non-caseating granulomas. We failed to obtain definite evidence of BCG in the sputum, urine, blood, and BALF. Instead, we found that a lymphocyte stimulation test for BCG (DLST) was strongly positive. Based on these findings, severe interstitial pneumonia probably induced by hypersensitivity against BCG, was diagnosed. Anti-tuberculous agents, and steroid-pulse therapy followed by oral administration of relatively low dose of steroid ameliorated the abnormal conditions, including chest X-ray film findings and hypoxemia. The population of lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in the BALF were reduced as well. Serious interstitial pneumonia was induced by the intravesical administration of BCG, which resulted in transitional changes in the BALF cell component.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1997

Changes in DNA copy number in primary gastric carcinomas by comparative genomic hybridization.

We examined 33 primary gastric carcinomas using comparative genomic hybridization to detect changes in the DNA copy number and the chromosomal location of these changes. Ninety-four percent (31 of 33) showed 1 or more DNA copy number changes, such as increases at 2p23-p25 (observed in 21% of the total cases), 3q26.3-q27 (24%), 7p15 (24%), 9p22-pter (18%), and 13q22-q34 (21%) and decreases at 1p34.2-p36.2 (18%) and Y (52%). Histological examination indicated that increases at 3q26.1-q26.3 and 7p15 and decreases at 1p36.1-p36. 2 and Y were commonly observed in both differentiated and undifferentiated types. Increases at 3q27, 6q23-q25, and 7cen-p14 and decreases at 1p34.2-p35 and 17p12 were predominantly observed in the differentiated type, and increases at 2p23-pter, 9p22-pter, and 13q31-qter and a decrease at 6p21.3 were predominantly observed in the undifferentiated type. In addition, clinical staging of tumors showed that increases at 2p23-p25, 7p14-p21, 7q31-q32, and 9p22-pter and a decrease at Y were observed in early-stage tumors, whereas increases at 9q32-q33 and 15q26 were observed only in late-stage tumors. Many of the abnormalities detected in this study were not previously reported in gastric carcinomas. Our comparative genomic hybridization results indicate the presence of genetic alterations that may play some important role in the development and progression of gastric carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

High-affinity calcium-binding site in the gama-carboxyglutamic acid domain of bovine factor VII.

The calcium-mediated interaction of factor VIIa with tissue factor is considered to be the primary trigger of blood coagulation. To determine the role of calcium ions in the action of factor VII, we prepared monoclonal antibodies whose binding to factor VII was calcium-dependent. A monoclonal antibody designated C6 strongly inhibited factor VII-induced clotting at a molar ratio of factor VII to antibody of 1:1. The half-maximal binding of factor VII to the C6 antibody was observed at a concentration of calcium ions of 80 microM. Proteolytic fragments of factor VII were assayed for their ability to inhibit competitively the binding of 125I-factor VII to immobilized C6 antibody. The binding was inhibited by increasing amounts of factor VII, by a fragment that contained the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain linked to first epidermal growth factor-like domain, and by a Gla domain peptide (residues 1-41), over a range of concentration of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M. The antigenic site recognized by the monoclonal antibody C6, which was generated upon the high-affinity binding of calcium ions, was located in the Gla domain. The C6 antibody inhibited the activation of factor X and the amidolytic activity of factor VIIa in the presence of tissue factor. These results demonstrate that a high-affinity calcium-binding site(s) is located in the Gla domain of factor VII, which is concerned with the initiation of tissue factor-mediated blood coagulation by factor VIIa.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗