Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to H Shibata.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Comparison of characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents in a national survey of Japanese elderly using six year follow-up study].

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study were twofold: 1) to examine differences between respondents and nonrespondents in sociodemographic or health characteristics, 2) to study nonresponse effects on relationships between variables, using a 6 year follow-up study for both respondents and nonrespondents at the initial survey. METHODS: The data were collected in 1987 through a national survey of Japanese adults aged 60 and over. A total of 2,200 interviews were completed from the list of 3,288 names. In 1993, 1,010 nonrespondents excluding persons who had died, moved, or whose addresses were unknown in the prior interview, were recontacted through a mail questionnaire. A total of 559 persons completed the mail questionnaire. Of the original 2,200 baseline interviewees, some by proxy interviews, 2,260 persons were reinterviewed, at the same time as the mail survey. Sociodemographic and health variables (age and sex), social indicators (educational attainment, marital status, and job status), health status (mortality, existence of diseases, and activities of daily living), subjective well-being (life satisfaction, self-rated health, and economic satisfaction) were compared between respondents and nonrespondents. Relationships between self-rated health and sociodemographic or health variables were examined by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: 1. Compared to people who participated in the survey, norespondents were likely to be male, in the lower age categories, and with higher educational attainment at the follow-up survey. Also, life satisfaction and self-rated health were lower in nonrespondents than in respondents. Reasons for nonresponse varied but appeared to be somewhat related to characteristics of nonrespondents. 2. No significant relationships between self-rated health and sociodemographic or health variables appeared for the respondent group and also when including the nonrespondent group. CONCLUSION: While differences between respondents and nonrespondents on certain variables were significant, relationships between self-rated health and sociodemographic variables were not observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Mental health among elderly relocated to a rural resort area].

OBJECTIVE: This study examined mental health and its related factors comparing elderly relocated to a rural resort area to elderly living in a rural old area. METHODS: Each sample of 400 aged 65 and over were randomly obtained. Valid responses obtained from the resort area and the old area were 193 and 242 respectively. Mental health was measured from two aspects: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA). We used self-evaluated living environment, social support, social activities, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), economic status, decision to move, and reason for move (push- and pull-factor), as factors which seem to be related to mental health. RESULTS: The findings were as follows: 1) Respondents in the resort area showed lower GDS and higher LSIA than respondents in the old area. 2) Although for the respondents in the resort area assessment that their community was safe, participation in community groups, or involvement in recreational activities occupied a significant higher level in their mental health, these factors had no significant impact on the mental health among the respondents in the old area. 3) A difference in self-evaluated housing condition, ADL, and economic status between both groups had a cause for the area differences in mental health among the elderly. 4) Push-factor had both a direct effect and an indirect effect mediated by decision to move on GDS. Pull-factor had both a direct and an indirect effect on LSIA. CONCLUSION: Elderly relocated to a rural resort area had better mental health than elderly living in an old area, partly because they had better physical health, better economic status, and better housing condition. Self evaluated living environment and social activities were related to the mental health of the elderly in the resort area stronger than that of the elderly in the old area. Reason for move was related to the mental health of the elderly both directly and indirectly mediated by decision to move.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[An intervention trial to postpone aging in competent elderly. Trial of nutritional improvement in the retirement home].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention program in changing dietary habits and nutritional status, for postponing aging in competent elderly. The intervention group (n = 44, 11 men, 33 women, mean age: 74.3 +/- 5.4 years) comprised residents of a retirement home in a suburb of Tokyo. The intervention program, which consisted of 82 lectures and practice sessions focusing mainly on improvement of life styles, was performed between May 1993 and May 1995. In addition, individualized dietary consultations were provided every week during the intervention period. The age and sex matched control group (n = 133, 33 men, 100 women) was randomly selected from participants of the community-based health examination in Tokyo. Changes in dietary habits were measured by a 15-food frequency questionnaire method. As parameters of nutritional status, serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) were simultaneously examined at pre- and post-intervention. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean score of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG Index of Competence) was 11.3 +/- 1.6 in the intervention group, 12.0 +/- 1.6 in the control group, the competent level of functional capacity was equally high in both groups. 2) Food frequencies of meat, fruit, and fat and oil significantly increased in the intervention group. A significant increase in the food frequency of meat was seen in the control group. 3) Significant increases in ALB, HDL-C and BMI were consequently observed in the intervention group, whereas levels of ALB and BMI significantly decreased in the control group. 4) The number of times of participation in the comprehensive intervention program was significantly positively related to the change in ALB between pre- and post-intervention, after adjusted for age, sex, education, TMIG Index of Competence score and ALB level at baseline. These results indicate that the comprehensive intervention program is effective for postponing aging in the competent elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of items missing in responses to a series of follow-up surveys in Japanese elderly].

PURPOSES: We examined whether the percentage of items missing and the factors related to item missing differ across follow-up surveys, Variables targeted to examine missing items included health indicators (activities of daily living, cognitive function, self-rated health, Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression, and PGC Morale Scale), health habits (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and relative weight), and socioeconomic indicators (educational attainment, income, and social networks). METHODS: Longitudinal data were collected at intervals of three years since 1987 through a national survey of Japanese adults aged 60 and over, At the baseline survey, a total of 2,200 interviews were completed from the list of 3,288 names. At the following three follow-up surveys, 1,671, 1,369, and 1,068 persons were reinterviewed respectively. Possible factors related to appearance of a missing item consisted of five aspects; 1) demographic variables (age and sex), 2) social status (educational attainment, existence of a spouse, and job status), 3) health status (activities of daily living and cognitive function), 4) cooperative attitude toward a survey, and 5) whether an item had been missing at the previous survey (s). Those factors were analyzed for each variable respectively. If a group with scaled or collective items had one or more missing items, we classified that group as a missing item group. RESULTS: 1. The percentage of cases with items missing was 5 percent or more for four variables; CES-D, PGC Morale Scale, income, and health habits. Those percentages were almost constant over the four surveys. 2. Factors related to appearance of items missing differed by psychological variables such as, CES-D and PGC Morale Scale, income, or health habits. Those factors had constant impact on appearance of items missing over follow-up surveys. 3. Regarding CES-D, PGC Morale Scale, income, or health habits, persons with an item missing at a previous survey, or who did not have a cooperative attitude toward the survey had a significant impact on an increase in the percentage of missing items. CONCLUSION: Characteristics of persons with items missing differs among the variables, and those characteristics may contribute to the incidence of items missing in subsequent surveys.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effect of food intake pattern on all-cause mortality in the community elderly: a 7-year longitudinal study.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of a food frequency pattern and survivorship in a cohort of community elderly residents (259 men, 445 women), aged 65 years old and over, based on a 7-year follow up study. Baseline survey was undertaken in July 1988 by door-to-door method. The cohort was followed up until August 1995, during which time survivorship of subjects was investigated periodically each year. Eighty-one men (31.3%) and 71 women (19.1%) died during the follow-up period. The food frequency pattern was examined by factor analysis based on a food frequency questionnaire for 15 food-groups at the baseline survey. Results obtained were as follows: 1)The first factor was expressive of frequent intake pattern of plant foods, the second factor was frequent intake pattern of meat, fat, and oil, the third factor was frequent intake pattern of bread and rice(negative), and the fourth factor was frequent intake pattern of salty pickled vegetables, fish, and shellfish. 2)The first factor as represented by frequent intake pattern of plant foods had significant negative effect on all-cause mortality for both the whole 7 years and the last 4 years surveys, adjusted for age, sex, education level, drinking habit, smoking habit, exercise habit, history of hypertension, and instrumental activities of daily living.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Correlation of dietary food intakes and serum lipid fatty acids in urban senior citizens.

Fatty acid compositions of serum lipids from elderly people (65 to 79 years old) in Koganei City of Tokyo were determined, and their correlation with dietary food intakes were examined. Cholesterol esters, triglycerides and lecithin revealed characteristic fatty acid profiles, respectively. Lecithin contained large amounts of eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids (EPA and DHA) which belong to n-3 fatty acids as compared to other lipids. Sex differences in the fatty acid composition were found only in lecithin among serum lipids. Percentages of n-3 fatty acids were higher in males than in females, and were found to be positively correlated with the intake of fish. On the other hand, linoleic acid and n-6 fatty acids were shown to have positive correlations with beans. Arachidonic acid among n-6 had weak but significant correlations with eggs and milk.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Kininogen expression by rat vascular smooth muscle cells: stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and angiotensin II.

To identify the presence of a local kallikrein-kinin system in vascular wall, we have studied whether rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) express kininogen in vitro and in vivo. Western blots using anti-T-kininogen antibody revealed the presence of T-kininogen in conditioned medium of cultured VSMC. T-Kininogen secretion by VSMC was markedly enhanced by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), angiotensin II (AII) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to the culture. Experiments using specific inhibitors for protein kinases and on the PMA-induced down-regulation of protein kinase C suggested that a protein kinase C-dependent or unidentified pathway is involved in AII or LPS action, respectively. The intravenous injection of LPS (0.5 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in T-kininogen mRNA levels in the vascular smooth muscle of rat aorta, peaking at 16 h. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cDNA products generated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from aortic mRNA using primers specific for either T- or low-molecular-weight kininogen revealed that rat vascular smooth muscle expressed T-kininogen gene but not low-molecular-weight kininogen gene, and that LPS exclusively stimulated T-kininogen expression. The mRNA for high-molecular-weight kininogen was undetectable in either aortic smooth muscle or cultured VSMC by means of RT-PCR analysis. RT-PCR using specific primers for rat tissue kallikrein genes showed that aortic smooth muscle expressed KLK1 (true kallikrein) mRNA, but not KLK10 (T-kininogenase) mRNA. These results demonstrated that rat VSMC are a source of T-kininogen but not of low-molecular-weight- or high-molecular-weight kininogen, in contrast to the expression of true kallikrein but not of T-kininogenase by these cells.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1998

Phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes of cynomolgus monkeys acutely infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.

The quantitative and phenotypic changes of peripheral blood monocytes during the acute stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection were investigated. We inoculated intravenously three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with 100 TCID50 of SIVmac239 and collected whole blood twice a week until 35 days postinoculation. We found that the relative number of monocytes in peripheral blood leukocytes significantly increased at 7-17 days postinoculation. This increase was concomitant with the peak of primary SIV antigenemia. To determine if the monocytes observed during the acute stage were phenotypically altered, they were periodically examined for the expression of surface markers (i.e., CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD29, D32, CD56, CD62L, CD64, CD80, and MHC-II-DR) by flow cytometry. The results showed that the expression levels of CD14 and CD56 on most of the monocytes were remarkably reduced at 7-17 days postinoculation, and a new subpopulation, CD14lowCD16+CD80+ monocytes, was clearly detected at 10 days postinoculation. These results indicate that the phenotypic alteration of peripheral blood monocytes occurs during the primary SIV infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

PKN interacts with a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration-associated antigen, which is a potential transcription factor.

PKN is a fatty acid-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, having a catalytic domain homologous to protein kinase C family. PKN has been recently reported to interact with a small GTP-binding protein Rho and cytoskeletal proteins such as neurofilament and alpha-actinin. To identify the new components of the PKN-signaling pathway, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed. Using the amino-terminal regulatory domain of PKN as a bait, cDNA encoding a neural antigen PCD17, which is recognized by characteristic antibodies of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, was isolated from a human brain cDNA library. The interaction between PKN and PCD17 was also determined by the in vitro binding analysis. PCD17 was coimmunoprecipitated with PKN from the lysate of COS7 cells transfected with both expression constructs for PKN and the amino-terminal region of PCD17. PCD17 was phosphorylated by PKN, and the extent of this phosphorylation was enhanced by addition of 40 microM arachidonic acid. The amino-terminal region of PCD17 could form a homodimer in vitro, and PCD17 fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain showed the transcriptional transactivation of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to 5 Gal4 binding sites and minimal promoter in rat C6 glioma cells. These results suggest the participation of PCD17 in gene expression and lead to a clue for elucidating the PKN signaling pathway from the cytosol to the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Crystallization of the alanine dehydrogenase from Phormidium lapideum.

Amino-acid dehydrogenases catalyse the interconversion of their respective amino acids to the corresponding keto acid, with concomitant reduction of NAD or NADP. The enzymes phenylalanine, glutamate, leucine and valine dehydrogenase all share a similar three-dimensional subunit structure and a high degree of sequence similarity, indicating that they belong to an enzyme superfamily related by divergent evolution. In contrast, alanine dehydrogenase shows no sequence similarity with any of these enzymes despite catalysing a reaction with the same chemistry and thus it is predicted that it possesses a different three-dimensional structure. The alanine dehydrogenase from Phormidium lapideum has been crystallized in space group R32, cell dimensions a = b = 123.1 and c = 184.8 A, with a monomer in the asymmetric unit. The structure determination of this enzyme will shed light on how nature has evolved two different systems to carry out the same reaction.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1998

A methylation imprint mark in the mouse imprinted gene Grf1/Cdc25Mm locus shares a common feature with the U2afbp-rs gene: an association with a short tandem repeat and a hypermethylated region.

We identified a sperm-specific methylation imprint mark (Site II) associated with a short tandem repeat sequence and a site/region methylated in both gametes (Site I) in the Grf1 locus on mouse chromosome 9, which shared a common feature with the U2afbp-rs gene. Sites or regions of gamete-specific methylation in imprinted genes are strong candidates for carrying information regarding the parental origin of alleles. The gamete-specific methylation pattern of Sites I and II was conserved after fertilization, but attained the somatic cell pattern by the blastocyst stage. In primordial germ cells, Site I was methylated, but Site II was unmethylated in both male and female embryos, suggesting that the sperm-specific methylation imprint mark in Site II was established during spermatogenesis. These common features in methylation imprint regions may be a clue to identifying regions carrying primary information for the imprinting regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Simultaneous resection of gastric carcinoma and splenectomy in a patient with polycythemia vera: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent resection of gastric carcinoma after being treated for polycythemia vera (PV) for 16 months. He was admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding; barium meal roentogenogram and endoscopic examination subsequently revealed a Borrmann type II carcinoma in the cardia of the stomach with extension into the lower esophagus. Thus, a lower esophagogastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and lymph node dissection were performed. Although an insufficiency of the esophagojejunal anastomosis occurred, the patient suffered no hematologic complications in the setting of careful myelosuppressive and antiplatelet coagulation therapy. He is currently doing well 5 years after his operation, with grade 1 performance status and no signs of recurrence or any hematologic complications.

Cardia↗
PubMed1998

Immediate onset of DNA synthesis in remnant rat liver after 90% hepatectomy by an administration of follistatin.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Follistatin is an antagonist of activins and is effective in promoting liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy. To examine its efficacy under more critical conditions, we studied the effect of follistatin on liver regeneration in 90% hepatectomized rat. METHODS: Human recombinant follistatin was infused into the portal vein immediately after 90%, hepatectomy in 24-h-starved rats, and changes in the liver regeneration rate and nuclear bromodeoxyuridine labeling were measured. RESULTS: In control rats, nuclear labeling was first detected at 11 h of hepatectomy. In follistatin-treated rats, nuclear labeling was markedly increased at 3 h, and was significantly higher than that in control rats at 24, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. The liver regeneration rate was significantly higher in follistatin-treated rats at 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h. To determine the reason for the accelerated growth in starved rats, we compared the expression of mRNA for c-myc, p53, p21CIP1, p15INK4B, p27KIP1, and subunits of activins in fed and starved rats. mRNA for p21CIP1 and p15INK4B, but not p27KIP1 were decreased in 24 h-starved rats compared to the fed rats. mRNA for betaA subunit of activin was not detected in either fed or 24-h-starved rats, whereas that for betaC subunit was increased in starved rats. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that follistatin induces immediate onset of DNA synthesis in 90% hepatectomized rats and is quite effective in promoting liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Long-lasting actions of Bay K 8644 on responses of guinea pig taenia coli.

1. Bay K 8644, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ agonist, (10(-6) M), induced strong rhythmic contractions in taenia coli and induced a contracture after about 5.5 hr of the application. Increases in Bay K 8644 concentrations prolonged the period of rhythmic contractions and slowed the onset of the contracture. 2. Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, inhibited the delayed contracture to Bay K 8644 more than the initial rhythmic contractions. The contracture to Bay K 8644 may be preferentially dependent on extracellular Ca2+ entry in comparison with the rhythmic contractions in taenia coli.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1998

Effects of nifedipine on contraction by Mn2+ in Ca2+-free, high-K+ medium in ileal longitudinal muscle.

1. The tension development due to 5 mM Mn2+ in Ca2+-free medium was dependent on the external K+ concentration above 35 mM in ileal muscle. 2. Nifedipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, dose dependently inhibited both the contraction and the manganese uptake by the application of 5 mM Mn2+ in the Ca2+-free, 35-60 mM K+ medium. 3. These results suggest that Mn2+ is entering through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels depending on ileal membrane depolarization, and it directly activates the contractile protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Development of agents for reinforcement of fluorescence on near-infrared ray excitation for immunohistological staining.

Fluorescence intensity of indocyanine green (ICG) derivative (ICG-sulfo-OSu) was too low for its use to detect microlesions. Therefore, we examined the effects of reinforcement agents on ICG-sulfo-OSu labeled antibodies. Solutions of distearoylphosphatic acid sodium salt (DSPA) and octylglucoside (OG) in physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were found to increase the intensity of fluorescence of ICG-sulfo-OSu labeled antibodies, with shift in the fluorescence peak wavelength from 804 to 821 nm.

Antibodies↗