[Phlegmonous enterocolitis].
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Bacterial Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
H Shibata
Publications and source records attributed to H Shibata.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor messenger RNA levels in human blood cells of patients with primary and secondary hypertension: reference to renin profile.
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) or aldosterone levels and peripheral blood cells (mononuclear leucocytes and platelets) Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were examined in both primary and secondary hypertensive patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: The subjects were 30 patients with primary hypertension, five with primary aldosteronism, five with renovascular hypertension and five normotensive controls with renal cell carcinoma. Blood was collected from each patient for estimation of plasma renin activity and plasma Ang II and aldosterone concentrations, and for isolation of mononuclear leucocytes and platelets, which were then used to measure AT1 receptor mRNA with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Platelet AT1 receptor mRNA levels were inversely correlated with plasma Ang II levels, and mononuclear leucocyte receptor mRNA levels were positively correlated with plasma Ang II levels in patients with primary hypertension. In contrast, in secondary hypertension both platelets and mononuclear leucocytes AT1 receptor mRNA, which were elevated, were reduced after removal of the adrenal tumour or correction of stenosis of the renal artery. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet AT1 receptors, which were used to reflect physiologically important sites such as vascular smooth muscle, were shown to be regulated in a different manner from mononuclear leucocyte receptors. In patients with primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension the plasma aldosterone level was shown to be an important factor upregulating AT1 receptor mRNA.
Adrenal Glands↗
[A comparison of preventive health behaviors among middle-aged males in different types of communities in Tokyo].
Preventive health behaviors of middle-aged men living in areas of Tokyo with differing mortality rates were analyzed to determine if regional differences exist and if so why. Information on seven different health behaviors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, food intake pattern, taking breakfast, hours of sleep, and relative weight) were obtained by a survey among the sample randomly selected from men 35 to 64 years of age living in two separate communities, Koto-Ward with a high middle-aged male mortality and Bunkyo-Ward where it is low. The following results were obtained; 1) In Koto-Ward where middle-aged male mortality is high, the proportion of interviewees who participated physical activity more than once a week and had good food intake patterns was significantly lower than in Bunkyo-Ward. 2) Regional differences in both physical activity and food intake pattern appear to be due to differences in proportion of higher educational attainment which is associated with more frequent participation in physical activity and better food intake patterns.
Adult↗
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in Japan.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is being used increasingly to treat diverse diseases in Japan. The distinctive aspects of allogeneic BMT in Japan include the lower incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease, which may be attributable to less disparity in histocompatibility antigens in Japanese. Research in the field of allogeneic BMT in Japan has covered the use of recombinant hemopoietic growth factors, especially granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and novel immunosuppressive agents.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Increased expression of vascular angiotensin II type 1A receptor gene in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension.
OBJECTIVES: We recently demonstrated that glucocorticoid increases the number of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors and their gene expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. To clarify whether this mechanism participates in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the modulation of vascular AT1 receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in rats. METHODS: The effects were studied of administering dexamethasone orally to rats at a dose of 0.1 mg/day on the modulation of the expression of vascular AT1 receptor mRNA and the blood pressure. The effects of enalapril maleate, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, were also evaluated. RESULTS: The dexamethasone-treated rats showed a rise in systolic blood pressure beginning on day 3. On day 5 the blood pressure rose significantly. Before dexamethasone administration the vascular AT1 receptor mRNA was difficult to detect by Northern blot analysis. However, the level of vascular AT1A receptor mRNA began to increase on day 2, when the blood pressure was not yet elevated, and increased further on day 5. The concurrent administration of dexamethasone and enalapril maleate attenuated the elevation of blood pressure. However, as in the dexamethasone-treated rats, the level of AT1A receptor mRNA began to increase on day 2 and increased further on day 5. In rats treated with enalapril maleate alone, the AT1 receptor mRNA was difficult to detect during the experiment. CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoid increased the amount of vascular AT1 receptor mRNA and contributed to the elevation of blood pressure.
Animals↗
Social intergration and change in activities of daily living in Japanese elderly.
The prospective association of social integration reported in 1987 with change in activities of daily living (ADL) over three years was examined in a cohort of 2200 Japanese elderly, aged 60 years and over. Social integration data was obtained from a national survey which measured both the quantity and frequency of attachment. Social ties were classified into five types: spouse, child(ren) living together, child(ren) living separately, friend, neighbor, and community group. Eight potential confounding variables--age, educational attainment, existence of chronic diseases, subjective well-being, drinking, sleeping hours, cigarette smoking, and exercise--were controlled using logistic regression analysis for each sex. Men who attended community group meetings more frequently had significantly less decline in ADL during the follow-up period for those who were ADL unimpaired at the baseline survey, and were also significantly more improved for those who were ADL impaired people at the baseline survey. Trends for women were not significant.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Precision and measurement errors in bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in mass health examination].
Decreasing mortality and the low birth rates has resulted in a high rate of increase in the elderly population in Japan. Increases in osteoporosis and its complication (fractures) are inevitable among the Japanese elderly. The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan and other municipalities are in the process of developing standards for noninvasive and quantitative assessment of bone minerals in mass health examinations in order to prevent osteoporosis fracture in elderly females. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has undergone development to significantly improve scan speed, image resolution and precision with relatively low exposure to x-rays, and is now considered one of the most suitable instruments to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in both clinical and mass-screening for osteoporosis in population-based mass health examinations in Japan. The purpose of the present study using DXA fixed in a mobile van are: 1) to compare the precision of anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LT) projections of the lumbar region, and three areas of the proximal femur (neck: NK, trochanter: TR, Ward's triangle: WD); 2) to analyze the physical factors influencing the precision; 3) to study the magnitude of intra- and inter-observer measurement errors and of different sets of regions of interest (ROI) in LT projection; and 4) to examine which measurement items should be selected in mass health examination in order to minimize measurement errors particularly for longitudinal observational study. Results are as follow: 1) Precision estimated by the reproducibility of measurements in the spine phantom bone were relatively good in both short and long terms. However, in female volunteers, precision of LT-BMD was remarkably inferior to that for AP-BMD and the three BMD of the proximal femoral region. Among the physical characteristics, body mass index and menopausal state were significantly associated to the precision of LT-BMD. 2) Regarding the correlations of BMD in the same region, all correlation coefficients except LT-BMD (r = 0.65) exceeded 0.97. Intra-regional BMD showed that correlations when including LT-BMD were significantly lower than the other correlations with LT-BMD excluded. 3) Concerning the magnitude of observational errors in both intra- and inter-observer measurements, LT-BMD showed the largest measurement error, largely due to lack of consensus in the ROI setting for the vertebral body and to the instability of positioning when lateral scanning was carried out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[Significance of serological genotyping of hepatitis C virus in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C].
Recently, T-Kohara et al. reported that most hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Japan can be classified into two groups, group 1 (G-1) and group 2 (G-2), on the basis of the NS4 region nucleotide sequence. Using a genetic engineering method, they developed a new assay in which antibodies against group specific recombinant proteins of the NS4 region were measured by ELISA (Serological Genotype, Serotype). In the present study, we examined 100 patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C. The sensitivity of this assay was 98.0% (98/100). The HCV serotype distribution was 74/100 (74.0%) for serotype G-1, 22/100 (22.0%) for serotype G-2, 2/100 (2.0%) for both being positive and 2/100 (2.0%) for indeterminate. The distribution of G-1 was significantly higher than that of G-2 (p < 0.05), however, we found no difference between the distribution of G-1 and that of G-2 in age, sex, history of blood transfusion or type of liver disease. In the same serum samples, we performed HCV genotyping by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using type specific primers derived from the NS5 region of HCV to verify the specificity of such serotyping. The sensitivity of genotyping by RT-PCR was 88.0% (88/100). The HCV genotypes determined by both methods were consistent in 86.0% (86/100) of cases, and were not contradictory in any sample. These data indicated that serological genotyping was more sensitive and was consistent with genotyping by RT-PCR. Therefore, we consider the method useful for epidemiologic studies of HCV in Japan.
Adult↗
Role of intracellular proteases in differentiation of L6 myoblast cells.
The activities of cathepsins B, L, and H increased by 3.0, 2.3, and 1.9 fold in differentiation of L6 myoblasts. Separating from the intrinsic inhibitor, both mu- and m-calpain activities also increased by 4.9 and 1.7 fold during differentiation. Calpeptin (10(-5)M), cell penetrating calpain inhibitor, blocked fusion of myoblast by 55% and increment of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity by 20.3% with inhibiting the activities of cathepsin L and mu-calpain. E-64(10(-4)M) did not block fusion of myoblasts but increment of CPK activity by 25.0% with inhibiting the activities of cathepsin L and B. Calpain may be involved in the process of myoblast fusion.
Animals↗
[Detection of thymidylate synthase mRNA in 5-fluorouracil resistant human colon adenocarcinoma cells].
To investigate the resistance against 5-fluorouracil (FU), thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA level was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technique and quantitated by a competitive-PCR method in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SNU-C1 and its FU resistant cell line, C1/FU. Using a set of primers covering 3'-untranslated region of mRNA, PCR products were amplified from cDNAs prepared from both SNU-C1 and C1/FU. However, only a cDNA extracted from C1/FU was amplified in a stationary growth phase. Then, the amount of mRNA was quantitated by competitive-PCR technique in both cell lines using another set of primer enable to amplify product in both stationary and logarithmic cell growth phase. The amount of mRNA in C1/FU was four times more than that of C1. The gene level in TS gene in genome DNA in these cell lines were not different incidentally. These data suggest that TS mRNA was more increased and can be more stable in C1/FU, accounting for FU resistance.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Inhibitory mechanism of experimental stress ulcer in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from the view point of mucosal blood flow].
Stress ulcer formation is reportedly much less frequent in SHR than in normotensive control rats (Wistar Kyoto Rat: WKY). The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) during imposed stress in SHR. In stressed-only SHR, GMBF did not significantly change during water immersion and restraint conditions and ulcer index (UI) was significantly lower than that of WKY. Stress conditions led to a fall in blood pressure and a gradual fall in heart rate in WKY and SHR. It was assumed that the changes in blood pressure and heart rate during stress were due to vagal hyperfunction. The catecholamine level in the fundic gland of the gastric tissue was higher in the non-stressed SHR than in the non-stressed WKY. The administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to SHR produced a significant reduction in GMBF during stress conditions and UI was significantly higher in this group than in the stressed-only SHR. In SHR treated with nifedipine, UI was lower than that of the control group and GMBF showed no significant change compared with the stressed-only SHR. However, the administration of verapamil produced a significant reduction in GMBF during stress conditions and increased UI. The norepinephrine and dopamine levels of the groups treated with verapamil were significantly lower than those in the groups treated with nifedipine. These results suggest that local regulation of gastric mucosa mediated by sympathetic hyperfunction in SHR is more important for the maintenance of GMBF during stress conditions than changes in peripheral artery resistance.
Animals↗
[Risk factors for falls among the elderly living in a Japanese rural community].
The purpose of the present study is to explore risk factors for falls among the elderly in a Japanese rural community. Subjects comprised 658 elderly persons aged 65 and over living in a rural village of Akita Prefecture (response rate; 96.1%). In 1988, the baseline medical health examinations and an interview survey were performed and repeated at the follow-up survey one year later. Results obtained were as follows; 1) The rate of falls at the follow-up survey was 17.3% in men, 15.6% in women. There was no difference in rate of falls between sexes. The rate of falls in the old-old did not significantly differ from that in the young-old in both sexes. 2) Chi square test or Cochran-Armitage test was performed by sex to examine the relationship between the factors investigated at the baseline survey and occurrence of falls at the follow-up survey. Significant factors in men were income, spouse, need for assistance in daily living, history of stroke, fall experience within one year preceding the baseline survey, ECG abnormalities, standing time with eyes open, grip strength, TMIG (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology) index of competence. In women, mobility, need for assistance in daily living, admission to a hospital within one year preceding the baseline survey, fall experience within one year preceding the baseline survey, standing time with eyes open, grip strength, TMIG index of competence were significant. 3) Using the significant variables in univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for age was performed by sex. Significant risk factors for falls in men were fall experience within one year preceding the baseline survey and ECG abnormalities, while for women fall experience within one year preceding the baseline survey was significant. The present longitudinal study revealed that falls experience within one year preceding the baseline survey was the highest risk factor for falls in the elderly residents in the community. This indicates that even a simple interview on fall experience can identify high risk elderly.
Accidental Falls↗
[Complications of marrow harvesting for transplantation].
Seventy-four responses were received from a questionnaire which had been mailed to 91 bone marrow transplantation institutes throughout Japan to assess the activity of bone marrow transplantation and complications in bone marrow donors. A total of 2329 bone marrow harvests, performed from 1688 adult donors and 641 child donors for allogeneic or syngeneic transplantation up to August 1992, were available for study. Analyses of the responses showed slight diversity regarding the marrow harvesting preparation and methods of the different bone marrow programs. The resulting perioperative complications were principally caused by anesthesia: 73 episodes of hypotension including one death 18 months later, seven of arrhythmia, one of respiratory arrest, three of mental confusion, one of asthma, one of malignant hyperthermia, one tooth injury and one broken aspiration needle. The postoperative complications were chiefly caused by marrow aspiration per se: 731 episodes of transient fever, 26 of long-lasting pain or discomfort, 10 episodes of liver dysfunction including two cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis, four cases of infection, one episode of hypotension, one of dysuria and one case of keloid formation. The study further revealed that the frequency of complications was lower in child donors than in adult donors.
Adolescent↗
Immunohistochemical study of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Tumor-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was reported in cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma and animal hepatoma models. This ALDH isozyme is similar to ALDH3 which exists in the stomach and lung; however, the biochemical and clinical significance of this unique ALDH isozyme have not been established. Human tumor-associated ALDH was purified, and polyclonal antibodies prepared. Using these antibodies, specific development of tumor-associated ALDH was confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques. It was found that about 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas reacted with the antibody. This unique ALDH isozyme may be a novel tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
Direct projections from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the retrohippocampal region in the rat.
The present study examined the areal and laminar distribution of direct projections from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the retrohippocampal region in the rat, with anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. The anteromedial nucleus (AM) projects to the temporal subiculum, medial entorhinal area, perirhinal area, and caudomedial part of the lateral entorhinal area. The interanteromedial nucleus (IAM) projects to the perirhinal area and the caudolateral part of the lateral entorhinal area. Furthermore, both the AM and IAM project to the temporal area 2, occipital area 1, and lateral occipital area 2. The projections from the AM and IAM to these retrohippocampal and neocortical regions terminate mainly in deep layers. The anteroventral nucleus (AV) projects to the subicular complex with a complex topographic organization. The most rostral part of the AV projects to layers I and III of the ventral presubiculum, the pyramidal cell layer of the temporal subiculum, and deep layers of the parasubiculum and medial entorhinal area. At the midrostrocaudal level of the AV, the lateral and the dorsal quadrants of the AV project, respectively, to layers I and III and to layers I and IV-VI of the ventral presubiculum, whereas the ventral and the medial quadrants project, respectively, to layers I and III and to layers I and IV-VI of the dorsal presubiculum. Furthermore, the lateral and dorsal quadrants project to the pyramidal cell layer of the temporal subiculum, whereas the ventral and medial quadrants project more septally. At the caudal third level of the AV, the dorsolateral part projects to layers I and III of the presubiculum with a patchy pattern and to the pyramidal cell layer of the septal subiculum. The anterodorsal nucleus projects mainly to deep layers of the presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal area. The results show that each subdivision of the anterior thalamic nuclei projects to a distinct field in the retrohippocampal region. This suggests that each of these projections may have a distinct modulatory influence upon the activity of retrohippocampal neurons that play important roles in limbic functioning such as memory and learning processes.
Animals↗
Infrared reflectivity of La1.89Ca1.11Cu2O6+/- delta single crystals at various O2 annealing pressures.
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Journal Article↗
[Basic study of bone mineral density in os calcis by single energy X-ray absorptiometry].
We studied bone mineral density (BMD) in the os calcis by means of single energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA), and BMD in the third lumbar spine by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), results were as follows. (1) The doses absorbed in SXA at the exposure site and the opposite site were measured by thermoluminescent dosimetry. The dose absorbed in SXA may be lower than that in DXA. (2) The BMD of the os calcis was measured in 30 female volunteers by SXA and that of the third lumbar spine by DXA, and age, weight, height, and consequences of physical exertion were investigated. BMD as determined by SXA was significantly correlated with that determined by DXA (r = 0.65). BMD as determined by SXA and DXA tended to decrease with age, to increase with height and weight, and to be significantly higher in those who made some physical exertion. In conclusion, SXA may be a useful method for the measurement of BMD.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Activin A increases intracellular free calcium concentrations in rat pancreatic islets.
Activin A stimulated insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets, an effect that was attenuated by reduction of extracellular Ca2+ and abolished by either nitrendipine or verapamil. Activin A increased intracellular the free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i in fura-2-loaded islets. Activin A-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]i was abolished by the reduction of extracellular Ca2+ or the addition of nifedipine. In addition, activin A did not increase [Ca2+]i in the presence of diazoxide, an opener of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. These results suggest that activin A increases insulin secretion by stimulating Ca2+ entry.
Activins↗