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Biomedical subjects

H Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to H Shapiro.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Growth suppression mediated by transfection of p53 in Hut292DM human lung cancer cells expressing endogenous wild-type p53 protein.

This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of wild-type p53 transfection on the growth potential of a human lung cancer cell line Hut292DM expressing endogenous wild-type p53. Transfection efficiencies obtained with either the wild-type or a mutant p53 complementary DNA revealed a significant decrease in the number of colonies obtained with the wild-type p53 as compared to the mutant p53 complementary DNA (27%) or control vector DNA only (20%), suggesting that wild-type p53 inhibited the growth of Hut292DM cells. A series of wild-type and mutant p53 transfection clones were then analyzed for the presence and expression of the exogenous p53 gene. Polymerase chain reaction amplification revealed that 98% of mutant p53 transfection clones analyzed contained the exogenous p53 gene as opposed to 47% for wild-type p53 clones. The majority of mutant p53 clones expressed high levels of exogenous p53 mRNA and protein as analyzed by Northern and Western blots, respectively. In contrast, all wild-type p53 clones analyzed failed to express exogenous p53 mRNA transcript or protein of a normal size. Aberrant-size p53 mRNA was detected in two wild-type p53 clones (X833.W2 and W18), and Western blot analysis revealed that these clones expressed truncated p53 proteins (M(r) 45,000 and 33,000 respectively). No difference in proliferation rates in vitro or in tumorigenic potential in nude mice were observed between mutant p53 clones or control cell lines. In contrast, a wild-type p53 clone (X833.W2) exhibited a significantly reduced tumorigenic potential in nude mice, whereas its in vitro proliferation rate was comparable to parental Hut292DM cells. The data indicate that exogenous expression of wild-type p53 is incompatible with Hut292DM lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suggest that p53-mediated growth control in vitro and in vivo may be dissociated and exerted by separate domains of the p53 protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test.

Since the Denver Developmental Screening Test was first published 23 years ago, it has been utilized worldwide and restandardized in more than a dozen countries. Concerns raised through the years by test users about specific items and features of the Denver Developmental Screening Test, coupled with a need for more current norms, have prompted a major revision and restandardization of the test. For the revision, 336 potential items were administered to more than 2000 children. The average number of times each item was administered was 540. Using regression analysis, composite norms for the total sample and norms for subgroups (based on gender, ethnicity, maternal education, and place of residence), were used to determine new age norms. The final selection of the 125 Denver II items was based on the following criteria: ease of administration and scoring, item appeal to child and examiner, item test-retest and inter-rater reliability, minimal "refusal" scores, minimal "no opportunity" scores, minimal subgroup differences, and a smooth step-like progression of ages at which 90% of children could perform the tasks. The major differences between the Denver II and the Denver Developmental Screening Test are: 1) an 86% increase in language items; 2) two articulation items; 3) a new age scale; 4) a new category of item interpretation to identify milder delays; 6) a behavior rating scale; and 7) new training materials.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Mesangiolysis: an important glomerular lesion in thrombotic microangiopathy.

Six cases of malignancy-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and eight cases of idiopathic microangiopathy have been studied by renal biopsy. All patients of both groups had mild to severe renal impairment and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The renal lesions were histopathologically identical in the two groups. The most characteristic abnormalities were glomerular mesangiolysis and glomerular and arteriolar thrombosis. Subendothelial widening, presumably due to entrapment of blood components, and the formation of capillary and arteriolar thrombi may be attributed to endothelial damage. Glomerular fibrinogen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in a majority of cases. Immunofluorescence also showed glomerular immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Clq in a majority of cases and C3 in slightly less than half. Mesangiolysis, present in every case, resulted in coalescence of capillary lumina, but mesangiolysis is a bland process, easily overlooked. The mesangial waists of the glomerular tufts seemed to unravel and come apart, with no inflammatory reaction or fibrin deposition on the luminal surface. The presence of capillary enlargement was confirmed morphometrically as an increased proportion of glomerular sectional area. In what appeared to be a late stage of mesangiolysis, the mesangium was thickened by pale fibrillary material, producing a lobulated glomerular tuft and eventual glomerular solidification. The early stages of mesangiolysis may be reflected only in glomerular capillary ectasia, whereas the late stages produce a distinctive form of glomerular sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: ultrastructural examination of sequential renal biopsies.

We present the renal biopsy findings in two brothers with nephrotic syndrome and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Mesangial expansion and capillary wall thickening were accompanied by numerous extracellular osmiophilic membranes within round lucent spaces, by round lamellar deposits, and by amorphous deposits containing thread-like structures with cross-striations. A second biopsy in one of the brothers, when he had developed renal insufficiency 8 yr later, showed increased mesangial and capillary wall thickening. The deposits, which had been in predominantly subepithelial and intramembranous locations, were now in a more prominent subendothelial location. The subepithelial localization of the deposits seen on initial examination may be related to their cationic charge, perhaps with binding to glomerular polyanion, and to uptake by glomerular epithelial cells. The accumulation of lipid is associated with progressive mesangial and glomerular sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Logarithmic amplifiers.

Logarithmic amplifiers (log amps), which produce an output signal proportional to the logarithm of the input signal, are widely used in cytometry for measurements of parameters that vary over a wide dynamic range, e.g., cell surface immunofluorescence. Existing log amp circuits all deviate to some extent from ideal performance with respect to dynamic range and fidelity to the logarithmic curve; accuracy in quantitative analysis using log amps therefore requires that log amps be individually calibrated. However, accuracy and precision may be limited by photon statistics and system noise when very low level input signals are encountered.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1989

Breech presentation after cesarean section: always a section?

A retrospective review of 71 breech deliveries after previous cesarean was done to determine the need for repeat cesarean section. Twenty-four (33.8%) women were allocated to the elective repeat cesarean section group and forty-seven (66.2%) patients were allocated to a trial of labor group. Thirty-seven (78.7%) were delivered of their infants vaginally. A total of 37 of the 71 women (52.1%) had successful vaginal deliveries. Neonatal morbidity did not differ for women who were delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. Maternal febrile morbidity was significantly higher in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery group (p less than 0.001). On the basis of these data, a trial of labor seems reasonable in carefully selected cases of breech presentation after a previous cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Late maternal age and postdate pregnancy.

Charts of 443 postdate pregnancies were reviewed to determine the effect of late maternal age on pregnancy outcome. There were significantly more low 1-minute Apgar scores, intrapartum decelerations, and cesarean sections in the group of women greater than 35 years old. Use of oxytocin percentages and the results were similar with regard to both groups. Five-minute Apgar scores also were similar. Women greater than 35 years of age are less able to be delivered of postdate infants with optimal outcomes, but it is still safe to allow them to exceed 42 weeks' gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Regional infusion of urokinase into occluded lower-extremity bypass grafts: long-term clinical results.

The initial outcome, long-term patency rate, and rate of limb salvage were studied in patients after regional urokinase infusion for treatment of thrombosed lower-extremity grafts. Seventy-one infusions were performed in 53 patients. Complete clot lysis occurred in 75% of grafts, with establishment of antegrade blood flow in 66%. Variables that favorably influenced clot lysis and the reestablishment of antegrade blood flow through the graft were a short duration of occlusion and a suprainguinal graft position. The median duration of patency after infusion and adjunctive therapy was 162 days, with 75% limb salvage at 301 days. No statistically significant variables that influenced the length of patency were identified. These long-term patency results are inferior to the reported results in suprainguinal grafts after reoperation. They appear similar to reported results for occluded infrainguinal grafts treated with thrombectomy and patch grafting.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Three year hospital experience with control of major obesity by VLCD in medically compromised individuals.

A very low calorie formula diet (VLCD) with physician and dietitian support was used to achieve and maintain weight loss in 408 overweight patients, referred by consultants because of concurrent health problems. The patients had failed to lose weight on conventional diets, and their obesity was considered a significant risk factor in their health. Using 330 or 405 kcal formula diets, the mean rate of weight loss in men was 1.87 kg/week and in women 1.27 kg/week. Women sustained the dieting process over longer periods, with a time to maximum weight loss of 5-72 weeks (mean 24) compared to the achievement in men of 4-40 weeks (mean 12.5). Sixteen per cent of the patients dropped out in the first 3 weeks. Of the remaining 84 per cent, weight loss to within 80-100 per cent BMI 25 (target weight) was achieved by 53 per cent men and 46 per cent women who had completed more than 5 weeks dieting. Women were more complaint than men at weight maintenance follow-up and 58 per cent of the start group were observed for more than 50 weeks (50-164), only 10 per cent experiencing weight regain of 20-70 per cent. Physician support was required to adjust medication in patients attending. Complications of obesity were remarkably improved after weight loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of aerobic training on left ventricular diastolic filling.

The effects of aerobic training on left ventricular diastolic filling were determined and related to the effects on maximal oxygen uptake, left ventricular systolic function, and left ventricular mass. Nine untrained healthy males with a mean age of 32 years underwent a ten-week program of bicycle training. Echocardiographic left ventricular mass, maximal oxygen uptake, radionuclide-derived left ventricular ejection fraction, and average left ventricular filling rate were obtained before and after training. Training resulted in significant increases in maximal oxygen uptake (from 30 +/- 6 (mean +/- S.D.) to 40 +/- 7 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001) and average left ventricular filling rate (from 2.04 +/- 0.36 to 2.22 +/- 0.31 end-diastolic volumes/sec, p less than 0.05), but no changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, or left ventricular mass. These data indicate that short-term high-intensity aerobic training enhances average left ventricular diastolic filling independent of any change in left ventricular geometry, systolic function, heart rate, or blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Methodology for intraventricular and subarachnoid continuous recording of intracranial pressure in clinical practice.

The methodology for continuous monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) being presently employed in the Neurosurgery Service of the University of Pennsylvania is presented. The methods are intraventricular recording of ICP (IVP) and subarachnoid recording of ICP (SaP). The indications for employing either method are briefly presented. IVP is favored in those situations in which the lateral ventricles are enlarged and SaP is preferred in the cases of brain swelling or other situations in which there is a small ventricular system.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1976

Radiographic evaluation of pancreatico-jejunal shunts.

This paper describes opacification and identification of two surgically constructed pancreatico-jujunal shunts. A fibreoptic panendoscope was used with retrograde injection via the ampulla of Vater (ERCP). This procedure makes possible more accurate anatomical evaluation and so more precise clinical appraisal of both pre- and post-surgical states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug-using parents.

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Humans↗