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Biomedical subjects

H Scott

Publications and source records attributed to H Scott.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Anorectal motility after surgery for spina bifida.

Anorectal motility was studied in 93 children (aged 15 days to 16 1/2 years) who had undergone surgery for myelocele or meningomyelocele, and 80 controls, matched for age and sex. Mean resting pressure in the anal canal of patients was markedly decreased, particularly in the presence of incontinence, and unstable. The recording of a rectoanal inhibitory reflex both in the upper anal canal and at the anal margin was associated with the presence of fecal incontinence and motor disorders of the lower extremities. Patients could be divided into four groups according to manometric pattern: 1) those with normal recordings (incontinence in 63 per cent), 2) those with spontaneous intermittent relaxations of the upper anal canal and simultaneous rectal contractions (incontinence in 91 per cent), 3) those with normal manometry except for unstable upper anal canal pressure (incontinence in 92 per cent), and 4) those with absence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex and hypotonic anal canal (patients too young to appraise continence, all under 2 years).

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1984

Functional abnormalities of the anal sphincters in patients with myotonic dystrophy.

Motility of the anorectal area was studied in 19 patients with myotonic dystrophy and in 20 control subjects, before and after pudendal block. In patients with myotonic dystrophy, before anesthesia, resting pressure in the upper anal canal ( p less than 0.001) and duration and amplitude of relaxation of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (p less than 0.01) were decreased. A myotonic contraction of high amplitude followed relaxation in all patients, but in control subjects this was not the case. In the lower anal canal, the duration of the rectoanal contractile reflex was prolonged as compared with control subjects (p less than 0.001). The pudendal block had no effect in the upper anal canal either on resting pressure or on amplitude and duration of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, neither in patients nor in controls. After blockade, however, the myotonic contraction subsequent to the reflex in patients was significantly reduced in amplitude (p less than 0.01). In lower anal canal, the resting pressure was reduced to similar levels, both in patients and in control subjects, after pudendal block (p less than 0.01), and the rectoanal contractile reflex was abolished in both groups. This study demonstrates a number of functional abnormalities in the anorectal structures of patients with myotonic dystrophy. These abnormalities produce a decrease in resting pressure in the anal canal, and a reflex myotonic contraction subsequent to rectal distention due to both external and internal sphincter dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immune response patterns in coeliac disease. Serum antibodies to dietary antigens measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Serum IgG, IgA and IgM activities to wheat, egg and cow's milk antigens were measured by an ELISA method in children and adults with coeliac disease (CD). In untreated patients, the IgA activity was characteristically raised to gluten antigens but often also to proteins from egg or cow's milk. Setting the upper reference range for gluten antibodies as the highest IgA reading obtained in healthy controls and patients with other intestinal disorders, IgA measurements afforded virtually 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and detected 94% of children and 80% of adults with untreated CD. Such measurements, therefore, represent a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of this disease. IgA activity to beta-lactoglobulin, casein or ovalbumin higher than the normal 95 percentile was found in 44-89% of untreated patients. Reduction of these antibody titres seemed to reflect relatively well the response to treatment with a gluten free diet, particularly the activity to beta-lactoglobulin. Monitoring of IgA antibodies to dietary antigens other than gluten may therefore be of particular importance in the follow-up of CD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

HLA-DR3- and HLA-DR7-restricted T-cell hyporesponsiveness to gluten antigen: a clue to the aetiology of coeliac disease?

Coeliac disease (CD) is strongly associated with the human class-II HLA determinants HLA-DR3 and -DR7. We investigated the relative frequency of gluten-reactive T cells from DR3- or DR7-positive. CD patients and healthy controls who were heterozygous at the DR locus. We found a consistently and significantly lower frequency of gluten-reactive T cells when the antigen was presented by monocytes in conjunction with DR3 or DR7 than in conjunction with the other DR determinant of the T-cell donor. In contrast, the frequency of reactive T cells in these donors to other antigens was not reduced in conjunction with DR3 or DR7. These results indicate a specific immunoregulatory function associated with class-II HLA molecules. The reduced frequency of gluten-reactive T cells in association with HLA-DR3 or -DR7 may be directly involved in the development of CD.

Antigens↗
PubMed1983

T-lymphocyte activation by a gluten fraction, glyc-gli. Studies of adult coeliac patients and healthy controls.

A gluten fraction (glyc-gli) induced proliferation of T lymphocytes obtained from coeliac patients or healthy controls. Glyc-gli acted as an antigen, and T-cell activation was strongly dependent on antigen-presenting monocytes in the cultures. The lymphocyte response was similar for HLA-B8/DR3-positive and HLA-B8/DR3-negative healthy controls, and coeliac patients in remission on a gluten-free diet could not be distinguished from the controls by the degree of proliferative activity in this test. Conversely, untreated coeliac patients showed a significantly lower lymphocyte response to glyc-gli than both coeliac patients in remission and controls. This result may reflect sequestration of gluten-specific cells into the mucosal lesion or mesenteric lymph nodes in patients with active coeliac disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

HLA-DR-expressing Langerhans'-like cells in vaginal and cervical epithelium.

Sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from human vagina and exocervix were stained by an indirect immunofluorescence method with a rabbit antiserum to HLA-DR antigens. A specific staining of cells having a dendritic appearance were seen. The cells were randomly distributed, mainly in the parabasal cell-layer of the stratified squamous epithelium. The number of dendritic cells was 1-3% of all cells in the cervical epithelium and 1-5% of the cells in the vaginal epithelium. Most probably these cells are Langerhans' cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Involvement of class II HLA molecules in T cell activation by antigen. Implications for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Our recent studies on the involvement of HLA Class II molecules in T cell activation by antigen are briefly reviewed. Both DR and MT Class II molecules were found to be able to function as restriction elements. The allotypic parts of DR molecules appeared to be most important in this respect, and were also found to influence the spectrum of antigen-specific responses. Both blood derived monocytes and Langherhans' dendritic cells were able to function as antigen-presenting cells, and expressed the same restriction elements. The relevance of these findings for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is briefly discussed.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗