Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Scott

Publications and source records attributed to H Scott.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Ioversol in ascending phlebography--a clinical trial.

In this controlled randomised double-blind parallel group study of the use of ioversol-240 and ioversol-320 in venography all studies were considered diagnostic with comparable quality in the two groups. Patient tolerance was high with mild heat observed in 7 patients in the ioversol-320 group and 1 patient in the ioversol-240 group. Assessment of pain was also comparable (2 patients in the ioversol-240 group and 1 in the ioversol-320 group). Both strengths of the contrast agent produced no clinically significant, drug related, changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters and there were no significant clinical adverse reactions.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1990

Intraepithelial TcR alpha/beta+ lymphocytes express CD45RO more often than the TcR gamma/delta+ counterparts in coeliac disease.

Expression of CD45RO on intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) bearing the T-cell receptor (TcR) alpha/beta or gamma/delta was studied in situ by three-colour immunofluorescence on jejunal tissue sections from 21 patients with coeliac disease and eight controls. CD45RA-TcR alpha/beta+ IEL expressed CD45RO significantly more often (75%) than the preferentially expanded TcR gamma/delta+ counterpart (59%). Triple staining for CD3, CD4/8 and CD45RA or CD45RB revealed that all CD3 + 4 - 8 - IEL (taken to be TcR gamma/delta+) expressed CD45RB and none were CD45RA. CD45RO positivity was of the same magnitude (66%) on the predominating monoclonal antibody delta TCS1-reactive fraction of TcR gamma/delta+ cells as on the remainder of the TcR gamma/delta+ subset. These results suggest that gluten exposition in patients with coeliac disease leads to accumulation of CD45RA-, putative antigen-primed memory cells of both TcR phenotypes. The less marked CD45RO expression within the preferentially expanded TcR gamma/delta+ subset of IEL may be of particular biological interest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Measurements of serum IgA and IgG activities to dietary antigens. A prospective study of the diagnostic usefulness in adult coeliac disease.

Serum samples from 458 consecutive adult patients with intestinal symptoms and/or suspected food intolerance were examined for IgG and IgA antibody activities to gluten, egg, and cow's milk antigens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Increased IgA and/or IgG activities to gluten were seen in 61 patients: 35 had coeliac disease (CD) as suggested by jejunal villous atrophy and subsequent histologic and/or clinical improvement on a gluten-free diet; 4 were previously diagnosed CD patients with clinically suspected dietary failure; 2 had dermatitis herpetiformis with a CD-like intestinal morphology; and 3 had possible gluten intolerance without villous atrophy. The rest had other disorders that might have affected the permeability of the gastrointestinal mucosa or the hepatic IgA catabolism. When the IgA activity to gluten was increased, neither the IgA/IgG activities to nongluten antigens nor the ratio of nongluten to gluten antibodies could discriminate between CD patients and those without CD. However, the median IgA activity to gluten was significantly higher in the CD group. The probability for CD thus increased from 33% in patients with IgA activity to gluten between 0.4 and 0.8 OD units to 90% in those with such activity above 2.4 OD units. Nevertheless, seven untreated CD patients had IgG and IgA activities to gluten within the normal range. ELISA determinations of serum antibodies to gluten antigens are a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of adult CD, but a negative test does not exclude this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Preparedness for pediatric emergencies encountered in the practitioner's office.

Pediatricians in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area were surveyed to assess their readiness to deal with life-threatening emergencies in their offices. Information about emergency equipment, prearranged emergency plans, advanced life support training, and emergency medical services assistance was elicited. Recommendations are made to attain appropriate levels of preparedness in all of these areas.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Serum antibodies to dietary antigens: a prospective study of the diagnostic usefulness in celiac disease of children.

We examined 1,541 consecutive serum samples from 707 children with suspected food intolerance and 32 with treated celiac disease (CD) for IgG and IgA antibody reactivities to antigens from gluten, egg, and cow's milk by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples from 72 patients showed increased IgA and/or IgG reactivity to gluten antigens; four were known CD patients not complying with a gluten-free diet, 13 were suspected CD patients challenged with gluten, and 30 most likely had CD as suggested by small intestinal villous atrophy and histological and/or clinical improvement on a gluten-free diet. The remainder with increased antigluten activity had other disorders that might have affected mucosal permeability. Nevertheless, the median IgA reactivity to gluten was significantly higher in the CD group, and the probability for CD increased from 25 to 100% when this reactivity was above 2.4 optical density (OD) units in our ELISA. Sixteen CD patients (but none of those without CD) had IgA reactivity to gluten higher than 2.4 OD units. We conclude that ELISA determinations of levels of serum antibodies reacting to dietary antigens is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of CD in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Chronic infectious mononucleosis; a case report.

A 39-year-old woman had an adenitis colli followed by anaemia, splenomegaly, atypical lymphoid cells in blood with increased B-lymphocytes, reduced T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells, increased polyclonal IgM, high titres of EB VCA IgG, EB EA IgD&R +/- and EBNA IgG-. The disease progressed slowly for 2 years, splenectomy was followed by clinical improvement; spleen morphology was compatible with a benign disease of viral origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

T lymphocytes in human gut epithelium preferentially express the alpha/beta antigen receptor and are often CD45/UCHL1-positive.

A revived interest in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) has been elicited by several recent reports suggesting that murine and avian intestinal epithelium contains mainly CD3+CD8+ cells expressing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TcR) for antigen; this contrasts with systemically distributed T cells which preferentially employ the TcR alpha/beta. An anatomical dichotomy in the distribution of these two T-cell lineages has hence been proposed. Here we report that this concept does not hold true in man. In situ studies with monoclonal TcR-framework antibodies showed that most (70-90%) human intestinal IEL (which are mainly CD3+CD8+) expressed TcR alpha/beta. Moreover, almost half of the intraepithelial CD3+ cells were positive for the smallest (180 kDa) CD45 molecule (UCHL1); this probably reflected that they are antigen-primed and thus represent traditional CD3+CD8+ alpha/beta+ memory T cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Intraepithelial T cells of the TcR gamma/delta+ CD8- and V delta 1/J delta 1+ phenotypes are increased in coeliac disease.

Expression of the gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TcR) for antigen on CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was studied in situ by two-colour immunofluorescence on jejunal tissue sections from 24 patients with coeliac disease and 17 controls. The proportion of intraepithelial TcR gamma/delta+ cells was significantly increased (P less than 0.002) in untreated (median 20%, range 11-53%) as well as in treated (gluten-free diet) coeliac disease (median 23%, range 16-55%) compared with controls (median 2%, range 0-39%). Although TcR alpha/beta+ IEL dominated both in controls and coeliac disease, T cells expressing the TcR gamma/delta were preferentially located within the epithelium rather than in the lamina propria. Paired staining for TcR gamma/delta and CD8 revealed that most (approximately 90%) intraepithelial TcR gamma/delta+ lymphocytes in coeliac disease were CD8-. A remarkably large fraction (median 67%, range 58-94%) of intraepithelial TcR gamma/delta+ cells expressed the V delta 1/J delta 1-encoded epitope revealed by monoclonal antibody delta TCS1. Our results suggested that increase of the intraepithelial TcR gamma/delta+ CD8- subset of T cells is particularly related to coeliac disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Raised number of jejunal IgG2-producing cells in untreated adult coeliac disease compared with food allergy.

The subclass distribution of IgG-producing immunocytes was studied by two colour immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies in jejunal biopsy specimens from 10 adults with untreated coeliac disease, 11 coeliac disease patients on a gluten free diet, and seven patients with established food allergy. Paired immunofluorescence staining was performed with subclass specific murine monoclonal antibodies in combination with polyclonal rabbit antibody reagent to total IgG; the proportion of cells belonging to each subclass could thereby be determined. The ratio of IgG2 immunocytes was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in untreated coeliac disease patients (median, 35.2%; range, 26.7-65.2%) than in those on a gluten free diet (median, 7.3%; range, 0-31.9%) or those having food allergy (median, 12.5%; range, 0-36.5%). The disparity in the local IgG2 response between patients with untreated coeliac disease and those with food allergy might be due to differences in the nature of the antigenic stimuli, dissimilar genetic 'make-up' of the subjects, or both.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The nonextractable tined endocardial pacemaker lead.

With the advent of the tined pacemaker electrode to improve endocardial fixation, increasing difficulty in extracting them when needed has resulted in reports of serious complications. The authors reviewed their experience between January 1975 and January 1985. During this 10 year period, 942 pacemakers were inserted and 73 were reoperated upon. In the reoperations, repositioning or removal of tined electrodes was attempted 28 times. Repositioning or removal was not possible in 12 of the 28 cases (43%). In 22 of 28, the attempts to remove tined leads were carried out more than one month after the original implantations and in this group the failure rate was 54.5% (12 of 22). All attempts of removal within one month of implantation were successful (six of six). No leads were retained during the period between January 1984 and January 1985. All 12 retained leads were followed-up for five years, five of which were retained in the presence of pacemaker pocket infections. After removal of the power pack and lead distal to the cephalic or subclavian vein inlet, control of infection was achieved in all five cases. One patient was noted to have the retained lead migrate into the right pulmonary artery but was asymptomatic at 35 months after catheter migration was detected. Until now, no thoracotomy for lead extraction has been required in this series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Electrodes, Implanted↗
PubMed1988

Rhabdomyoma of the tongue. Report of a case with light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations.

Adult rhabdomyoma is a benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin, which mainly occurs in the head and neck region. Because of its rarity the diagnosis may be missed, especially if cross-striations cannot be demonstrated by light microscopy. By applying supplementary diagnostic evaluation with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, the diagnosis is established. Positive staining with desmin unequivocally demonstrates that the tumour cells are derived from muscle tissue. The presence of myofibrils, Z-bands and numerous mitochondria by ultrastructural examination are characteristic features of this tumour.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Immunological studies of patients with Down's syndrome. Measurements of autoantibodies and serum antibodies to dietary antigens in relation to zinc levels.

Recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss in many adult patients with Down's syndrome (DS), initiated a search for malabsorption based on determination of serum IgG and IgA antibody levels to dietary antigens. The results were compared with measurements of autoantibodies and serum zinc levels. DS patients had increased IgG and IgA activities to gluten proteins, casein and ovalbumin compared with an age- and sex-matched group of other mentally retarded patients in the same institution. Intestinal biopsy was performed in six of the 38 patients; one had total and one partial villous atrophy. Serum zinc was significantly lower in DS patients (median 14.7 mumol/l, range 5.5-20 mumol/l) than in the controls (median 16.4 mumol/l, range 12.7-19.5 mumol/l). DS patients with increased IgA activity to gluten weighed less and had lower concentrations of zinc in serum than DS patients with normal IgA activity. Twenty-eight per cent of the DS patients had autoantibodies to the thyroid gland. Our results suggest intestinal malfunction in DS, perhaps related to a defect of immune regulation caused by reduced levels of zinc in serum.

Adolescent↗