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Biomedical subjects

H Schulze

Publications and source records attributed to H Schulze.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Biology and therapy of prostatic cancer.

There is no effective therapy for increasing the survival of metastatic prostatic cancer. New approaches to this major disease are urgently needed. One approach is to study the biology of prostatic carcinogenesis in order to develop a treatment that prevents the initial development of clinically manifest prostatic cancer. International epidemiological data on the incidence of prostatic cancer and the data on migrant populations make this both possible and practical. For example, it should be possible to lower the incidence of clinical prostatic cancer by more than ten-fold among men in the United States. An alternative approach is to study the tumour biology of prostatic cancer to identify better methods for treating established clinical prostatic cancer. Such studies have already demonstrated that individual prostatic cancers are composed of clones of cancer cells that are phenotypically heterogeneous even before therapy is initiated. Because of this tumour cell heterogeneity, future studies should be directed towards combining androgen ablation plus chemotherapy and/or radiation early in the disease in order to affect both the androgen-dependent and the androgen-independent cancer cells present in individual prostatic cancers.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Ribosomal protein synthesis in cultured skin fibroblast cells obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Ribosomes and ribosomal subunits were extracted from cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis system was used to test 80S ribosomes from DMD cells and normal controls as well as hybrid 80S couples of subunits from DMD cells and control cells. The activity of ribosomes extracted from the patients was 38-62% lower than that of normal controls. Of the 80S hybrid ribosomes, only those consisting of 40S subunits from DMD cells and 60S subunits from the control cells, showed a similar decrease in activity. That means that the defect is exclusively based on an alteration in the small ribosomal subunit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Enzyme immunoassay for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) in patients with testicular tumors].

The use of a two-side-binding-enzyme-immunoassay for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) in tumours of the testicles is described. The lower limit of evidence is with 4 ng/ml near to the physiological region. In 17 of 41 non-seminomatous germinal tumours of the testicles (41%) initially increased SP-1-serum concentrations were present, the other measuring values correlated with the course of the disease. In all tumours of the testicles with initially increased SP-1-titres the use of the SP-1-test gives a further possibility of the regulation of therapy and control of the course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hemodynamic measurements in a sheep model with a hollow fiber artificial kidney containing modified cellulose.

HFAK-RC caused pronounced leukopenia, increase in TXB2 levels in plasma and hemodynamic pressure changes as a reflection of complement activation during EC in sheep. In contrast no increase in TXB2 levels and no changes in hemodynamics are observed with HFAK-MC. The leukopenia and granulocytopenia in the latter is much less pronounced and probably reflects the phenomenon "frustrated phagocytosis".

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Uniform theory on the pathomechanism of closed renal stalk injuries--subpelvic ureteral ruptures and kidney vascular stalk lesions].

There are no homogeneous opinions concerning the pathomechanism of closed renal stalk injuries. On the basis of a literary analysis of 168 renal vessel stalk lesions and 78 ruptures of the ureter the attempt is made to contribute to the clarification of the etiology of these injuries. Subpelvic ruptures of the ureter and renal vessel stalk lesions are regarded as a constituent of closed renal stalk injuries and traced back to a uniform pathomechanism. Deceleration traumas leading to cranial, caudal and ventral movements of the kidney are regarded as predominant cause of closed renal stalk injuries. In accidents with deceleration processes should more be thought of closed renal vessel stalk lesions and subpelvic injuries of the ureter, also when there are no blunt abdominal traumas.

Deceleration↗
PubMed1984

[Binocular functions in unilateral pseudophakia].

71 patients (average age 64 years) were examined for binocular vision after unilateral posterior chamber lens implantation. Average visual acuity in the pseudophacic as well as the phacic eyes was 0.8. Intact stereoscopic dose-up and long-distance vision was found in 85% of the cases. Patients with vertical phorias or moderately decreased visual acuity more often presented impaired binocular functions. Further investigations will be carried out.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Hollow-fiber dialyzers and their pyrogenicity testing by Limulus amebocyte lysate.

Aqueous extracts of cellulose hollow fibers (CHF) exhibit positive reactions in some Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) tests. However, in spite of LAL activity, the extracts produce no fever reaction in rabbits. A comparison of lysates from different suppliers shows pronounced activity differences when extracts of cuprammonium-derived CHF are tested. One of the lysates, which is fully reactive against standard endotoxin, shows no reaction with such extracts, nor do CHF extracts diminish its sensitivity to standard endotoxin. Investigations of the cuprammonium process have shown that endotoxins introduced by the linters are degraded and washed out. Other endotoxin introduction, particularly by the process water, has been excluded. Oxidative or acidic degradation of cellulose does not result in the formation of LAL-reactive material (LAL-RM). On the other hand, sterile cotton wool shows LAL reactivity, and cellulose acetate regains LAL reactivity when it is saponified. Thus, it appears likely that the LAL-RM found in CHF is of purely cellulosic origin and crossreacts with a number of commercially available lysates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The importance of the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L16 for the reconstitution of the peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis activity of peptide chain termination.

The incubation of the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli with 1.5 M LiCl yields 1.5c core particles inactive in the peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis activity of in vitro termination. The omission of L16 alone from reconstitutions of the proteins into the core results in inactive ribosomes. The single omission of a number of other proteins, in particular L7/L12, L10, L25, L27, and L15, gives ribosomes with intermediate activity. L16 alone is unable to restore significant activity to 1.5c cores, but together L16 and the above "stimulating" proteins produce particles as active as those reconstituted with the full complement of proteins. The ribosomal proteins important for the expression of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis and peptidyl transferase activities are very similar. However, ribosomes lacking both L11 and L16, but not L16 alone, surprisingly can catalyze codon- and release factor 2-dependent peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. The addition of L16 dramatically increases the activity. L16 is, therefore, important but not essential for the expression of the release factor 2-dependent peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1983

The Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L11 suppresses release factor 2 but promotes the release factor 1 activities in peptide chain termination.

The incubation of the 50 S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli with 1.5 M LiCl yields 1.5c core particles depleted in 14 proteins and inactive in peptide chain termination. In codon-dependent peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis the release factor 1 (RF-1)-induced reaction essentially depends on both L11 and L16 whereas the release factor 2 (RF-2)-induced reaction is depressed by L11 and stimulated by L16. Omission of L11 results in a several-fold increase in the specific activity of the RF-2. Functional complexes are formed with RF-2 at an apparent Km (dissociation constant) for the termination codon 5-fold lower than with reconstituted ribosomes containing L11; the Vmax for the hydrolysis is unchanged. L11 suppresses this effect when added to the core at close to molar equivalence. In contrast, RF-1 has a very low activity if ribosomes lack L11 and this can be restored by titration of L11 back to the core. This is the first example of a differential or an opposite effect of a ribosomal component on the activities of the two release factors, and the studies suggest that L11 has a critical role in the binding domain for the two factors.

Codon↗
PubMed1983

Shape determinations of ribosomal proteins in situ.

Ribosomes are heterogeneous for neutrons because RNA and proteins have different neutron-scattering-length densities. This heterogeneity is an obstacle to the shape determination of single ribosomal components within the ribosome. Therefore, we homogenized (matched) the neutron-scattering-length densities of RNA and proteins. 23S and 5S RNA from the large ribosomal subunit were isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 76% 2H2O. The total protein fraction of the large ribosomal subunit was isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 84% 2H2O. When these constituents were used for total reconstitution of 50S subunits, neutron scattering measurements of the reconstituted particles revealed excellent matching near 100% 2H2O. A three-step reconstitution procedure was developed that allowed the reconstitution of 50S subunits from deuterated RNA, deuterated total (i.e., unfractionated) proteins, and single protonated proteins. The reconstituted particles contain one protonated protein or two in a matched ribosomal matrix and were used for shape determination or distance measurement of mass centers of gravity, respectively. The signal/noise ratio is high enough to allow measurement in solutions containing nearly 100% 2H2O at concentrations of only 300-500 A260 nm units/ml. Our experiments have proved the feasibility of our biochemical strategy. The shape determinations of ribosomal proteins in situ gave radii of gyration for L1, L3, L4, and L23 of 26 +/- 2, 22 +/- 2, 20 +/- 2, and 13 +/- 2 A, respectively.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1983

[Enzyme immunoassay of alpha 1-fetoproteins in patients with testicular tumors].

The use of a newly developed immunoassay for alpha-1-protein in testicular tumours is described. With 2 ng AFP/ml serum the lower detection group of the test is in the physiological range. Of 39 non-seminomatous testicular tumours, 59% had a high AFP-serum level post-operatively, of 51 on initial diagnosis 54%; 12 seminomas remained AFP-negative. Checking the AFP level ist valuable for diagnosis, staging and prognosis of all testicular tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Urine pseudocyst following multiple injury with closed subpelvic ureteral rupture in childhood].

The authors discuss special aspects concerning children and traffic accidents, prompted by the frequency of such accidents. They present a model of the pathogenesis of closed injuries of the ureter. On the basis of the mechanics of accidents and clinical experience, closed subpelvic rupture of the ureter is to be seen as the result of a deceleration trauma. Problems of the treatment of patients with multiple injuries and the diagnosis and therapy of closed injuries of the ureter are presented on the basis of a clinical observation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of a new latex agglutination test for identification of staphylococcus aureus].

286 clinical isolates of staphylococci and 19 Micrococcus spp. were tested in a new latex agglutinating test to detect bound coagulase and protein A simultaneously. Coagulase-positive strains of staphylococci (n = 119) were all found to be latex-positive. Negative latex agglutination test results were obtained with 154 out of 167 coagulase-negative strains, the other 13 (7.8%) strains gave positive latex tests. Furthermore 3 out of 19 Micrococcus strains yielded positive agglutinating results. According to the results presented a negative latex test allows a rapid exclusion of S. aureus. A positive latex test requires the determination of further typical characteristics to differentiate among the staphylococcal isolates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Interactions of light and of tetraethylammonium-chloride (TEA) on action potentials in identified neurons of Helix pomatia.

In neurons B1, B2 and B3 of Helix pomatia and illumination elicited: (1) a reduction of the width of action potentials (AP) in control bath fluid; (2) an acceleration of the development of tetraethylammonium (TEA) action on AP; and (3) a diminution of the full established effect of TEA. The shortening of the AP by light was augmented with increasing prolongation of the AP, regardless of whether it was evoked by external or internal TEA or by depolarization of the cells. The effects may be interpreted on the basis of a single mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Minimal set of ribosomal components for reconstitution of the peptidyltransferase activity.

A new approach is described to gain further information concerning the ribosomal components involved in the peptidyltransferase (PTF) activity exerted by Escherichia coli 50S subunits. A particle is reconstituted from highly purified proteins and RNA under modified incubation conditions. This particle contains only 16 out of the 34 distinct components constituting the native subunit, and yet still exhibits significant PTF activity. Single omission tests at the level of this "minimal ribosomal particle" indicate the limits set on a further reduction of the components, and in particular reveal that protein L18 can be excluded from the set of proteins which are essential for PTF activity, thus leaving L2, L3, L4, L15, and L16 as primary candidates for this function. 5S RNA is not needed for PTF activity of the "minimal ribosomal particle". Furthermore, a buffer condition is described which drastically improves the stability of total protein preparations and facilitates the isolation of individual proteins.

Acyltransferases↗