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Biomedical subjects

H Schulze

Publications and source records attributed to H Schulze.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Endogenous recoveries and true ileal digestibilities of amino acids in newly weaned pigs fed diets with protease-treated soybean meal.

Endogenous recoveries and true ileal digestibilities of amino acids were determined in pigs fed cornstarch-based diets with untreated or protease-treated soybean meal as protein sources. Twelve pigs, fitted with a modified post valve T-cecum cannula on d 14, 15, and 16 after birth, were weaned on d 20 and assigned to one of four diets according to a two-period balanced change-over design. Diets consisted of soybean meal 1) untreated (SBM), 2) incubated (1:2 wt/vol in distilled water adjusted to pH 4.5, for 16 h at 50 degrees C; CI-SBM), 3) sprayed with protease (1 microL/g of soybean meal; PS-SBM), and 4) incubated, as for CI-SBM, with protease in the water (PI-SBM) at the same application rate as that for PS-SBM. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to diets followed by collection of ileal digesta on d 6 and 7 to determine the apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities of the diets. On d 9, guanidinated meals were fed, followed by a 24-h continuous collection of digesta. Recoveries of chromic oxide and dysprosium from the guanidinated meals were 96.0 +/- .5 and 94.5 +/- 1.1%, respectively. Endogenous amino acid recoveries were similar (P > .05) for SBM, CI-SBM, and PS-SBM but less (P < .05) for PI-SBM. True digestibilities were also less (P < .05) for PI-SBM than for the other meals. Recoveries of endogenous branched-chain and aromatic amino acids were less (P < .05) during Period 2 than during Period 1, suggesting dietary change- and(or) age-dependent adaptive increases in the secretions of pepsin and pancreatic proteases. In conclusion, protease treatment did not improve the true digestibilities of amino acids in soybean meal fed to newly weaned pigs.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Nutritional evaluation of biologically treated white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pigs: ileal and amino acid digestibility.

We studied the effect of feeding young growing pigs a semisynthetic diet containing 7.5% white kidney beans-germinated (GB), pancreatin treated (PTB), or untreated (raw beans RB)--on protein and amino acid (AA) digestibilities at the terminal ileum. Eleven castrated male pigs (12.2 kg live weight) fitted with a post-valve T-cecal cannula and two blood catheters were used. The 15N-isotope dilution method was used to determine the amount of endogenous protein passing the terminal ileum and the true ileal protein digestibility. Ileal crude protein losses in pigs fed the RB, GB, and PTB diets were 51.9, 27.4, and 51.1 g/kg of DMI, respectively. The total amounts of AA passing the terminal ileum of the pigs fed the RB, GB, and PTB diets were 48.6, 21.4, and 42.2 g/kg DMI, respectively. The apparent ileal crude protein and AA digestibilities of the RB, GB, and PTB diets were 74, 87, and 75% and 76, 89, and 78%, respectively. True ileal protein digestibilities were 88, 93, and 93% for the RB, GB, and PTB diets, respectively. On the basis of this research, germination of white kidney beans improves the digestion of protein by decreasing the content of bean antinutritional factors and increasing the bean true ileal protein digestibility.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Estimating endogenous amino acid flows at the terminal ileum and true ileal amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing pigs using the homoarginine method.

True ileal lysine digestibilities were determined using the homoarginine (HA) method in casein-, barley-, canola meal-, and barley-canola meal-based diets fed to growing pigs. Four Yorkshire barrows (25 to 49 kg BW) equipped with ileal T-cannulas were fed one of the diets according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. All diets, except for the barley diet, were formulated to be similar in DE:CP ratio. Ileal digesta were collected continuously for 24 h on d 7 and 9 of each experimental period for determining apparent and true ileal digestibilities, respectively. True ileal lysine digestibility and endogenous flows were determined by feeding diets in which 50% of the protein-containing ingredients was guanidinated; the conversion of lysine to HA allows for direct determination of true lysine digestibilities. The apparent ileal CP and amino acid digestibilities were higher (P < .05) in the casein diet than in the barley, canola meal, and barley-canola meal diets. The CP digestibility was higher (P < .05) in the barley-canola meal diet than in the barley and canola meal diets. Endogenous lysine losses were influenced by diet (P < .05) and ranged between 586 and 1,429 mg/kg DM intake. True ileal lysine digestibilities in barley, canola meal, and barley-canola meal diets were similar (P > .05) and lower (P < .05) than in the casein diet. The true ileal amino acid digestibilities were estimated for other amino acids. Unlike apparent digestibilities, true digestibilities seemed additive in the barley-canola meal mixture.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1997

Representation of periodicity pitch in the primary auditory cortex of the Mongolian gerbil.

Responses of single and multi-units in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of the Mongolian gerbil to tones and amplitude modulations (AMs) were studied. Two types of AM stimuli were used: i) those which were spectrally inside the unit's frequency response range (FRR) and ii) those that were spectrally completely outside a unit's FRR. In response to AMs spectrally within a unit's FRR, a minority of units showed phase-locked responses tuned to a certain range of modulation frequencies (envelope periodicities) of the AM. Phase-locking was confined to frequencies up to 65 Hz, the range best modulation frequencies covered by this synchrony code (sync-BMFs) contained values between 5 and 30 Hz. In response to AMs completely outside a unit's FRR, 69% of the units in the low frequency area of AI (up to 3 kHz best frequency) exhibited phasic or tonic responses tuned to certain envelope periodicities with rate-BMFs ranging from 50 to about 3000 Hz, a range that might be sufficient to account for a representation of periodicity pitch. Topographic reconstruction of the recording sites of such units revealed that, in contrast to the sync-BMFs described above, the rate-BMF values were systematically distributed within AI, therefore reflecting a periodotopic organization. We suggest that the temporal quality of the percept (rhythm) might be coded via a temporal (synchrony) code whereas the non-temporal quality of the percept (pitch) is coded via a non-temporal (rate-place) code.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Transurethral resection of the prostate with microprocessor controlled electrosurgical unit.

PURPOSE: We analyzed the efficacy and side effects of a microprocessor controlled high frequency unit for transurethral resection of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A high frequency device with microprocessor control was used in 934 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Indications for transurethral resection, medical history, preoperative findings, operative parameters, operative and immediate postoperative complications, and postoperative peak flow rate and residual urine were evaluated. RESULTS: Postoperative peak flow rate and residual urine were comparable to those with standard transurethral resection of the prostate. One patient died on postoperative day 1 for a mortality rate of 0.1%. The immediate morbidity rate was 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality in this study were lower than those in previous series on transurethral resection of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Role of the polarity of the heme environment for the CO stretch modes in cytochrome P-450cam-CO.

The CO stretch mode of various substrate complexes of cytochrome P-450cam-CO was measured using FT infrared spectroscopy. At room temperature most of the complexes show a single, but often asymmetric infrared band. The representative wavenumber of this band for the various complexes increases when the high-spin content, induced by the substrates in the oxidized protein, decreases. Additionally, the increase of the CO stretch wavenumber (1939 to 1956 cm-1) correlates with the decrease of the Soret band wavenumber (22440 to 22373 cm-1). It is suggested that the polarity of the heme pocket is modulated by the substrates due to changed accessibility of the heme environment for water molecules. The increased water content compensates positive electrostatic potentials near the CO ligand, which results in loosening the contact of CO to the I helix.

Camphor 5-Monooxygenase↗
PubMed1996

Structural changes in cytochrome P-450cam effected by the binding of the enantiomers (1R)-camphor and (1S)-camphor.

A comparative study of the enantiomeric substrate [(1R)-camphor- and (1S)-camphor)-bound cytochrome P-450cam concerns the spin-state equilibrium, substrate dissociation, the thermal unfolding of the protein structure, and the subconformer equilibria observed in the infrared spectra of the carbon monoxide (CO) complex of cytochrome P-450cam. The behavior of the different conformational equilibria in dependence on temperature, pressure, pH-value, cosolvent, and cation binding led us to suggest that (1S)-camphor is more loosely and less optimally bound in the heme pocket, which facilitates the access of solvent molecules into the heme-iron environment. The spin reaction volume difference measured using the high pressure technique is smaller by 16 +/- 9 cm3/mol for (1S)-camphor-bound P-450cam compared to the (1R)-camphor-bound P-450cam, which might indicate a higher water content in the protein and in the heme environment in the (1S)-camphor complex. The half-transition temperature of the thermal unfolding of 53.8 degrees C for the (1S)-camphor-bound oxidized cytochrome P-450cam is one degree lower than the value for the (1R)-camphor-bound protein (54.8 degrees C). In the reduced, CO-bound form of cytochrome P-450cam at 290 K the (1S)-camphor complex reveals another CO stretch vibration population distribution with slightly higher frequencies [1940.2 cm-1 (major band) and 1946.3 cm-1 (minor band)] compared to the (1R)-camphor complex [1939.7 cm-1 (major band) and 1930 cm-1 (minor band)]. A loosening of the contact between the iron-bound CO ligand and amino acids of the I-helix, probably induced by compensating effects of the increased water content, is suggested. Assuming the carbon monoxide complex as a model for the dioxygen complex, the more loosened binding of (1S)-camphor, therefore the increased water accessibility, and the weaker contact of the iron ligand to the I-helix might explain the higher amount of uncoupling of the cytochrome P-450 reaction cycle compared to that when (1R)-camphor is used as substrate.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

The CO stretching mode infrared spectrum of substrate-free cytochrome P-450cam-CO: the effect of solvent conditions, temperature, and pressure.

The effect of pH, glycerol, temperature, and pressure on the carbon monoxide (CO) stretch mode of substrate-free cytochrome P-450cam (CYP101) was studied. Complex spectra of overlapping bands have been observed. CO stretch bands centered at about 1911-1918 cm-1 (band I), 1927-1931 cm-1 (band II), 1940-1942 cm-1 (band III), 1950-1953 cm-1 (band IV), 1960-1963 cm-1 (band V) and 1966-1973 cm-1 (band VI) are obtained from the fitting analyses independently of the lineshape model used. Only two or three bands are dominant in each spectrum. Compared to bands I, II and III, the bands IV and V are assigned to correspond to a weaker polar contact between the CO ligand and a polar group in the heme pocket (probably Thr252) because of the opposite effect of glycerol (osmotic pressure) and hydrostatic pressure on the intensity and frequency of these bands. The different CO stretch bands are interpreted as indicating conformational substates of the protein. It is suggested that water in the heme pocket plays an important role for the substate equilibrium. This substate equilibrium freezes in at the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the protein/solvent mixture. For the temperature region above Tg the thermodynamic parameters and volumes for the substates have been determined by a global fit analysis of the temperature- and pressure-dependent populations and they are compared to the respective values for camphor-bound cytochrome P-450cam.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1996

Changes in chromatin condensation of human spermatozoa during epididymal transit as determined by flow cytometry.

Inasmuch as caput epididymal and even testicular spermatozoa are now being used to generate pregnancies by direct injection into the oocyte, differences in the chromatin of spermatozoa from proximal and distal locations in the epididymis were studied. Acridine Orange staining was used to investigate chromatin structure in human spermatozoa which had left the testis and were undergoing maturation in the epididymis. Measurement of green and red fluorescence intensities of human spermatozoa by flow cytometry demonstrated a decrease in binding of Acridine Orange to DNA as the spermatozoa traversed the epididymis. Using spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis as the standard, the percentages of spermatozoa from the efferent duct, proximal corpus epididymis, midcorpus epididymis, distal corpus epididymis, proximal cauda epididymis and distal cauda epididymis that had matured with regard to chromatin condensation were 28 +/- 5, 39 +/- 3, 49 +/- 5, 64 +/- 5, 69 +/- 6 and 74 +/- 4% respectively. It may be concluded that eggs fertilized by ejaculated spermatozoa receive a more highly condensed form of chromatin than that received by eggs inseminated with proximal epididymal or testicular spermatozoa.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1996

Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: retrospective analysis of liver toxicity in the long-term follow-up of 89 patients.

Cyproterone acetate (CPA) was the first steroidal antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostatic cancer. In recent studies CPA has been linked with DNA adduct formation and increased DNA repair synthesis in vitro, suggesting an increased risk for the development of hepatic malignancies. To assess liver-toxic and carcinogenic effects, 89 patients who received CPA 50 mg/day p.o. over 4 (range 2-152 months) years for prostatic cancer treatment were retrospectively evaluated. 22 patients (28.2%) showed elevated liver enzyme concentrations. In none of the 89 patients alpha-fetoprotein serum levels were elevated. In no case hepatocellular carcinoma has been observed, and in no case CPA administration was discontinued due to side effects. Considering the life expectancy of patients with advanced prostatic cancer and the long-term and high-dose exposure to CPA necessary to possibly induce liver tumors, it appears highly unlikely that CPA treatment may account for a substantial number of liver carcinomas in such patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Urodynamic and rectomanometric findings in urinary incontinence.

To investigate the correlation of urinary and fecal incontinence, 52 patients with urinary incontinence underwent cystometry and rectomanometry. Twenty-five patients suffered from stress, 20 from urge and 7 from overflow urinary incontinence. The rectomanometry showed normal results in 29 patients, 5 presented with a compensated and 18 with a partially compensated sphincter incompetence. Whereas 18 of 20 urge incontinent patients had a normal rectal sphincter function, in contrast 16 of 25 stress incontinent patients suffered from rectal sphincter incompetence. In conclusion, there is a marked correlation between stress urinary incontinence and rectal sphincter incompetence. This supports the general thesis that a weakness of the entire pelvic floor is one of the characteristic features of urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of continent ileal urinary diversion on vitamin B12 absorption.

PURPOSE: Because vitamin B12 is mainly absorbed in the terminal ileum, we evaluated potential absorption deficiencies in continent ileal reservoirs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight to 25 months (mean 13) after surgery we evaluated 25 patients with a Kock pouch and 29 with an ileal neobladder. A Schilling test and red blood count were done, and serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were determined. RESULTS: Absorptive capacity was decreased in 20 of the 25 Kock pouch patients but none of the 29 ileal neobladder patients. Four patients in each group had low vitamin B12 levels. No patient had megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid levels were normal in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: A loss of 50 cm. of terminal ileum seems to be the critical margin sufficient vitamin B12 absorption.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical relevance of incidental prostate carcinoma. A retrospective study].

Between July 1973 and December 1992, 5156 men underwent either TURP (n = 4259) or open prostatectomy (n = 897) because of infravesical obstruction supposedly due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this retrospective study, 86 men in whom an incidental carcinoma of the prostate had been found were followed up. Thirty-seven cases had been classified as pT1a tumor and 49 cases as pT1b tumor; 73 patients had undergone TURP and 13 open surgery. The mean age of the patients was 70.6 years (range 54-89). Twenty-seven patients (73%) with a pT1a tumor and 19 patients (38.8%) with a pT1b carcinoma received no further treatment. Radical prostatectomy was performed in four cases, one of pT1a and three of pT1b tumor. In all other cases the patients received androgen deprivation, and in four cases external radiotherapy was applied. With a mean follow-up of 5 years (range 17-229 months) 48 patients died (55.8%). The median survival was 73 months (95% CI: 52; 89). Compared to the overall population in the same age range, the standard mortality rate (SMR) was 1.72 and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.23; 2.21 and 1.46; 2.64 respectively) using the "Allgemeine Sterbetafel" of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949-1951 and 1986-1988). Using the log-rank test (P = 0.5, two-sided) no difference in survival was found between patients staged pT1a and pT1b. Ten of 48 patients dead at the time of evaluation died of prostate cancer. This means that 20.8% (pT1a n = 3; pT1b n = 7) of the patients succumbed to progressive disease during follow-up. All four patients who underwent radical prostatectomy are free of tumor at time of this evaluation. These results are in accordance with other studies. In younger men with incidental carcinoma of the prostate and life expectancy of more than 10 years, radical surgery of the prostate should be recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

TULIP: transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced prostatectomy.

Laser treatment has become increasingly attractive for treatment of bladder-outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, it is unknown whether laser treatment may be as effective as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), how long effective treatments may last, and whether there may be substantial differences with respect to clinical outcome between different laser treatment modalities currently under clinical investigation. TULIP (transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced prostatectomy) was one of the very first laser systems designed for treatment of BPH. The procedure is performed exclusively under transurethral ultrasound guidance, with which the surgeon has to become familiar. However, data reported from single-institution as well as multicenter studies demonstrate that the technique has only a small learning curve. The majority of patients treated by TULIP will experience substantial improvements in subjective and/or objective symptoms, which nevertheless do not appear to be as good as those seen after TURP. This is also shown by data from a prospective and randomized TULIP versus TURP study. However, it has to be emphasized that the clinical significance of such differences remains unknown. Advantageous for TULIP (which may be performed under analgosedation) are reduced blood loss, hospitalization, and rate of postoperative sexual dysfunction. Disadvantageous (as compared with TURP) are the delayed onset of success combined with the prolonged catheterization time and irritative symptoms in the early postoperative phase. In addition, as no tissue is obtained for histology examination, incidental prostate cancer may be missed.

Humans↗