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Biomedical subjects

H Schubert

Publications and source records attributed to H Schubert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Binding characteristics and functional G protein coupling of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes.

The non-selective labelled antagonist [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine ([3H]NMS) was used to identify muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes. Saturation and kinetic experiments revealed a binding site with a KD-value of 0.2-0.3 nmol/l and a receptor concentration (Bmax) of 100 fmol/mg protein. The affinities of eight selective muscarinic antagonists were determined and compared with those at M1 (rat cerebral cortex), M2 (rat heart), M3 (rat submandibular gland) and M4 (data from Dörje et al. 1991) receptors. The "M2-selective" agent AF-DX 116, the group of "M2/M4-selective" compounds himbacine, AF-DX 384, AQ-RA 741 and methoctramine but also the "M3-selective" HHSiD showed affinities corresponding to M2 and/or M4 sites. The intermediate affinity of 4-DAMP favours a mixed M2/M4 receptor population mainly containing M2 receptors. Two compounds, pirenzepine and AQ-RA 741, displayed biphasic displacement curves indicating the presence of a small population of putative M1 receptors. The rat duodenum antagonist binding profile, however, is not consistent with the presence of M3 receptors. We further demonstrate a concentration-dependent stimulation of [35S]GTP[S] binding to duodenal G proteins by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. Estimation of the binding parameters of GTP[S] in absence and presence of oxotremorine provided evidence for a catalytic activation of G proteins by agonist-activated muscarinic receptors in rat duodenal membranes and a strong signal amplification on the G protein level.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Insulin-like growth factor I--a connecting link between nutrition and growth].

The influence of an increasing protein supply in combination with soybean oil upon the IGF-I concentration in the serum in correlation with growth was measured on 8 x 10 male Wistar rats. With a casein content of 0% in the food, the IGF-I level was 0.13 +/- 0.02 rU/ml. An IGF-I plateau of 0.74 +/- 0.07 rU/ml was reached at some 15% casein. The additional application of 3% soybean oil increased the IGF-I concentration significantly (P less than 0.01) up to 0.95 +/- 0.16 rU/ml. The investigations show a specific increase of the IGF-I synthesis by the addition of oil, which is paralleled by a further stimulation of the growth of the rats. The nutrition-dependent IGF production in the peripheral tissues (mainly liver) represents the connection link between the growth hormone axis (genetically potential growth) and the growth realizable depending on the supply with nutrients.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Histochemistry of the porcine pilosebaceous unit.

The present study describes lectin and immunoreactivity in the pilosebaceous unit of porcine skin. Complex carbohydrates of mucin and biantennary Man/Gluc types were distributed among hair follicle epithelia (hair root sheaths, cuticula, shaft, and shaft matrix). Sebaceous glands expressed biantennary Man/Gluc carbohydrates and GalNAc residues. The expression of simple-type and epidermis-like keratins was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. Filaggrin-positive cells were found in the keratinizing zone of Henle's layer in anagen follicles. The innermost layer of the outer hair root sheath was stained with antibodies against the epidermal growth factor-receptor, keratin 10 and Ki67 antigen. The differences to humans were remarkably small.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tissue expansion in pig skin--a histochemical approach.

In the present study, a porcine model for controlled skin expansion was investigated to improve our understanding of epidermal and vascular responses following stretching. The model is of outstanding importance not only for the clinical use of tissue expansion but provides interesting data for skin physiology and oncology, too. Thirteen out of 15 animals, who underwent silicone tissue expander implantation showed good clinical results. In all of them, skin biopsies were taken at the end of a controlled tissue expansion procedure (final expander volumes 350 or 500 ccm): one tissue specimen was obtained from the centre of the expanded skin area and a second from the neighbouring but nonexpanded skin. The tissue specimens were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and processed to 4 microns thick acetone-fixed frozen sections. Lectin histochemistry and immunohistology were performed using the following techniques: direct and indirect immunofluorescence technique (DIFT, IIFT), immunoperoxidase technique (POX) with either 3,3'-diamino-benzidine (DAB) or 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole (AEC). The histochemical findings were supplemented by measurements of the number of vital epidermal cell layers, the epidermal thickness (microns), and the papillary vascular count per visual field. There was a significant diminuation of the vascular count (mean +/- S.D. = 55.0% +/- 12.5%; U-test: p less than 5%). By immunohistochemistry, a loss of the basal cell reactivity for the following antibodies was noted: ACAM (against calmodulin), K 8.12 (against keratins 13 +/- 16) and A51-B/H4 (against keratins 8, 14, 18). There was a remarkable increase of filaggrin expression in the uppermost spinal cell layers in expanded skin, which was most pronounced in those specimens with the shortest interval to the last fluid injection into the expander. We gained no evidence for alterations of the expression of suprabasal epidermal keratins, lectin binding sites (UEA I, PNA, ConA, WGA), and vascular lectin- and immunoreactivity due to tissue expansion. The subdermal capsule, which had formed around the silicone expander, was strongly vimentin-reactive. In conclusion, controlled tissue expansion is capable to change the basal cell phenotype--a feature which is shared with a number of conditions with increased proliferative activity and with the epidermis covering different skin tumours. The regular expression of suprabasal keratins and epidermal lectin binding sites provides evidence for a normal epidermal cell differentiation. Furthermore, the porcine skin is a reliable model for studying physiology and pathophysiology of human skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental studies on tissue expansion in reconstructive surgery].

In the present study, a porcine model for controlled tissue expansion was investigated under the conditions or formation of extreme enlarged randomized flaps. The circulatory disturbances and necrotizing processes to be expected were evaluated immediately after flap formation by intravenous injection of fluorescein dye to predict the surviving area. Lectin histochemistry and immunohistology were performed using either the direct and indirect immunofluorescence technique (DIFT, IIFT) or immunoperoxidase techniques (POX). Over all, the expanded randomized flaps healed without complications in all animals. The acute randomized flaps showed clear necroses already after 10 days. In the thoracic area they averaged 60.3% (SD = 8.17%) and in the pelvic area 47.32% (SD = 14.11%) of the flap. The use of the fluorescein dye test in the present experiment demonstrated that the flap surviving area is significantly greater than the flap staining area. The regular expression of suprabasal keratins and epidermal lectin binding sites provides evidence for a normal epidermal cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Drug modification of post-traumatic edema of the extremities by the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin. An animal experiment study].

Posttraumatic edema remains a serious problem in traumatology. Unrecognized or improperly treated, edema poses a threat to the survival of any extremity, particularly the hand, where a number of intricate functional structures are at stake. This study, as well as other recent clinical and experimental work, show that aprotinin, a proteinase inhibitor, is valuable in the treatment of posttraumatic edema, provided it is given as early as possible and in an adequate dosage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The "post-Chernobyl" childhood leukemia study (ECLIS Study).

Numerous European cancer registries are working together to evaluate the current trends in the incidence of childhood leukemias after the Chernobyl accident. The study is coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The primary objective is to establish whether the accident has resulted in an increase in the number of cases. The results will also allow an evaluation of the clusters which could be reported. According to the provisional estimations, the accident could lead to an increase of an average of 0.8% of the frequency of new cases in the European regions covered by the study. For the whole of Switzerland, this increase would correspond to 0.5 supplementary cases per year.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

Investigations of cerebral glucose utilization into the newborn brain: a [18F]-FDG positron emission tomography study using a high resolution multiwire proportional chamber detector device.

An experimental approach is presented, where for the first time positron emission tomography (PET, the most important method for in vivo measuring the key functions of brain physiology and metabolism) was applied together with other techniques for quantitative-topological estimation of key parameters such as rCMRGlu in normal and disturbed brain function states in the newborn period.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A double-blind comparative multicentre study of controlled-release remoxipride, immediate-release remoxipride and haloperidol in schizophrenia.

A double-blind multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of remoxipride in controlled-release formulation (REM-CR), given once a day, and immediate-release formulation (REM-IR) and haloperidol, given twice daily, was conducted in patients with schizophrenic illness. In total, 150 inpatients were randomized: 49, 51 and 50 in the REM-CR, REM-IR, and haloperidol groups, respectively. The mean daily dose of REM-CR during the last week of treatment was 361 mg, that of REM-IR 332 mg. In the haloperidol group the corresponding dose was 12.5mg per day. The study treatment period was four weeks. The median BPRS total score was 37.5 in the REM-CR group at start of treatment, and 14.5 at last rating (n = 38). For the REM-IR group and the haloperidol group the corresponding figures were 36.0 and 38.0 at start of treatment and 18.0 (n = 43) and 16.5 (n = 40) at last rating. No statistically significant differences were found between the treatments. Therapy-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (Simpson & Angus rating scale) were significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent and more severe during haloperidol than during REM-CR and REM-IR treatment, despite significantly higher concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs in the haloperidol group.--REM-CR was comparable in efficacy and tolerability to REM-IR. The tolerability profile favoured both remoxipride formulations over haloperidol. Evaluation of the clinical chemistry, haematology, and cardiovascular data showed no clinically significant deleterious effects on any organ system for either drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Compulsory admission and detention at psychiatric hospitals in Tirol--a frequency analysis of 11 years].

Freedom and compulsion are burning questions in psychiatry, and often unsatisfactorily resolved. In this paper general aspects are discussed in the light of data obtained at the Innsbruck University Department of Psychiatry and the Mental State Hospital of Hall in Tyrol. From 1976 to 1986 364 (1.99%) patients required compulsory admission following certification by police (or civil service) doctors out of 18,207 admissions to the University Department of Psychiatry over this 11-year period. Of these patients 90 had to be jugded by a court commission with regard to further compulsory hospitalization. Most frequent reasons for compulsory admission were alcohol-related psychiatric diseases in men and endogenous psychoses in women. The data collected at the University Department are compared with the situation in the Mental State Hospital of Hall in Tyrol. Results are discussed in the light of recent literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Determination of regional blood flow in abdominal organs and other structures in normal female rats and in rats with TAA-induced chronic liver injury using 99mTc labelled HSA-microsphere technique.

A method for simultaneous determination of cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution in a chronically instrumented, unrestrained rat preparation for different experimental conditions (i.e. conscious, free movement; general anesthesia) and in an experimental chronic liver injury model is described. The use of a modified radioactive microsphere reference sample method using 99mTc labelled HSA-microspheres provides valid measurements of cardiac output [255 +/- 21.6 ml/(min.kg b.wt.)] and of the determined blood flow rates of abdominal organs (with separate determination of arterial and portal-venous hepatic blood flow rates; the latter by means of arterial blood flow measurement of the gastrointestinal tract and the spleen), the myocard, the adrenals, the kidneys, and various brain regions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this measuring approach with chronical preparation can also advantageously be used in pharmacological or pathogenetical studies, especially because of the simple measuring equipment and the comparatively low costs that offer a broader application.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind multicentre study comparing remoxipride, two and three times daily, with haloperidol in schizophrenia.

A double-blind multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of remoxipride in relation to haloperidol was conducted in 160 inpatients with schizophrenic illness diagnosed according to DSM-III. The study period was 4 weeks. The mean daily dose of remoxipride (whether given twice or three times daily) during the last week of treatment was 395 mg; the corresponding dose of haloperidol was 17 mg per day. No significant difference in therapeutic efficacy was found; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) median total scores dropped from 41 to 20 (remoxipride twice daily, n = 51), 43 to 20 (remoxipride three times daily, n = 44) 40 to 19 (haloperidol three times daily, n = 48) at last valid rating. According to Clinical Global Impression (CGI) 68% in the remoxipride twice daily, 58% in the three times daily and 60% in the haloperidol group were very much or much improved. Treatment-emergent extrapyramidal checklist symptoms (hypokinesia, rigidity and tremor) were statistically significantly more frequent and more severe during haloperidol than during remoxipride treatment despite a statistically significantly higher concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs in the haloperidol group. Haloperidol treated patients reported more tiredness and drowsiness than remoxipride treated patients. Also, haloperidol treated patients had a significantly higher frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms on 8 out of 10 items of the Simpson and Angus scale.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Functional scintigraphic studies of perfusion and ventilation during high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV)].

In a controlled study, functional-scintigraphic investigations into perfusion and ventilation were performed on 10 dogs with non-damaged and extremely severely damaged lungs. The pulmonary damage was produced by injecting oleic acid (OA) into the right atrium of the heart under controlled ventilation (IPPV). The scintigraphic examinations were carried out using 133Xenon. The study compared HFJV (HFJV100, HFJV300) with IPPV in the non-damaged lung as well as HFJV300 with IPPV and CPPV (PEEP 1 kPa) after damage by OA. With the aid of the present radionuclide investigations, new insights can be gained into the largely unclear regional conditions of the gas exchange under HFJV in both the healthy and the damaged lung. Results from controlled studies on the distribution of ventilation and perfusion under HFJV have not been reported to date. The functional-scintigraphic examination with 133Xe on dogs shows, based on specific conditions of the gas exchange and special anatomic conditions of the lungs, a ventilation distribution that differs fundamentally from all other forms of ventilation, including HFOV, preference being given to apical pulmonary segments. This refers to the normal and the damaged lungs alike. However, ventilation-specific changes in pulmonary perfusion do not occur. The resulting deviating regional VA/Q relationship are obviously not of crucial influence upon the gas exchange. Rather, it is influenced and determined by damage-induced intraregional functional-structural alterations in the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Genetics of Hailey-Hailey familial chronic benign pemphigus].

Starting from 12 index patients with familial benign chronic pemphigus from 11 kindreds, systematic kindred examinations were carried out with 182 relatives. 11 pedigrees were established. In this process 6 patients out of 3 kindreds were identified additionally. 10 genotypic carriers of the disease were found of 30 examined relatives by a newly developed UV-provocation test. An autosomal-dominant hereditary pattern was proven for sure and with high probability, respectively, in 10 out of 11 kindreds by formal genetic genealogy-examinations. There was an incomplete penetrance in 3 kindreds. A sex-determined heredity of disease can be excluded. There was no association between familial benign chronic pemphigus and HLA-A, B, C-system.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Circular intrathoracic tracheal replacement by a devitalized artery in the dog].

Prepared artery (origin: human, calf, dog) with external or internal teflon-spiral-supporting was implanted in dogs (n = 10) as a circular intrathoracic tracheal substitute after cross-resection. Human arteries were rejected (n = 2). Calf arteries (n = 5) and dog arteries (n = 3) were incorporated fibrously. Central granulations appeared. The longest survival time was 36 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Pollen allergy as an occupational disease in gardeners].

Pollinosis due to pollens of insect-pollinated ornamental plants is only acquired under special work specific conditions of exposure, first of all in manual pollination for seed production and in cultivation of new sorts. In a big plant nursery and in hobby gardeners we found 8 cases of pollinosis to cyclamens, 3 to begonia, 1 to gloriosa rothschildiana and 1 to several kinds of lilies. The confirmation as occupational disease and a successful prevention of relapses require a change of the work place. Hyposensitization may be tried. For a primary prevention recommendations are made.

Adult↗