Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Schmidt.
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It was the aim of this study to improve tissue characterization using ultrasonic scatter signals and image processing procedures by computer. Analysis of various tissue probes and phantoms showed that structures can be differentiated by scatter as a function of frequency and angle of scatter. The application of this method as an imaging system was realised by a reconstruction algorithm to compute scatter images. By means of analysing images of the thyroid and prostate we found that the detection rate of computerised texture analysis is much higher than that of visual evaluation.
Carcinoid tumors may develop in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. They constitute 1.5% of all gastrointestinal tumors (1). The duodenum is one of the least common sites of this tumor, with a reported incidence varying between 0.2% and 8.9% (2, 3). We report on a case of a bleeding duodenal carcinoid in a patient who underwent bilateral nephrectomy for malignant hypertension.
Acute focal bacterial nephritis is a very rare type of infective nephritis. It is characterised by groups of abscesses of 1 to 5 mm. situated in the renal cortex with pus tracking to the papillae. Urography is normal or suggests a non-specific enlargement. On sonography, non-homogeneous foci with reduced echogenicity are observed. Unenhanced CT shows indefinite lesions of reduced density, which do not enhance as much as the surrounding parenchyma after contrast injection. On angiography these areas appear as hypovascular lesions. The disease must be differentiated from a malignant renal tumour and from an acute renal abscess. The clinical findings and the results of sonographic and radiological observations on five patients with acute focal bacterial nephritis are described.
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Three groups of women were examined by culture for Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida. Group I consisted of 427 women, who complained spontaneously of vaginal discharge, group II of 311 women who did not complain of vaginal discharge until questioned prior to gynaecological examination, and group III of 100 women who denied vaginal discharge. Groups I and II also had cultures made for Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoica. In group I with spontaneous complaints the one-year prevalence rate of vaginal discharge was 3.4%. Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoica were cultured in 24%, 8% and 1% respectively. Gardnerella vaginalis was cultured in half of the women in all groups. A characteristic discharge or a positive microscopic finding was related to high concentration of Gardnerella vaginalis. A characteristic discharge even without spontaneous complaints of vaginal discharge was related to a high prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis. Women complaining from discharge had higher concentrations of Gardnerella vaginalis than non-complaining. This leads to the conclusion that clinical disease may not be present unless concentrations of Gardnerella vaginalis have risen above some minimum level. The Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome defined by positive culture, clinical finding and microscopy was found in 20% of symptomatic women.
In the hypoxic liver an increased rate of cytosolic and peroxisomal H2O2 generation is due to the accelerated purine nucleotide degradation. The relative contribution of the oxidase type of xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases in hypoxia by less than 10%, the dehydrogenase type of this enzyme is hardly inhibited by the increased concentration of free NADH. Nevertheless, due to the high hypoxanthine supply the xanthine oxidase related H2O2 formation is increased six-fold and together with the peroxisomal uricase-mediated share it accounts for half of the oxygen consumption.
In 27 patients with vitiligo punch biopsies from vitiliginous skin to normal skin and vice versa were performed. Of the vitiligo grafts 69% showed donor dominance and 31% receptor dominance. When normal skin was transplanted 74% showed receptor dominance and 26% donor dominance. In 13 patients (52%) blood screening pointed towards an autoimmune disease.
A prognostic study of 18 patients with a diagnosis of psoriasiform napkin dermatitis was performed. The observation period had a duration of 7 to 15 years. Two patients developed psoriasis and two developed atopic dermatitis.
Terfenadine, a new specific and peripherally acting antihistamine, was compared with clemastine and placebo in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover study of the treatment of chronic urticaria. Sixty patients with chronic urticaria participated in this multicenter trial. The treatment time was two weeks per drug treatment, totalling six weeks. Terfenadine proved more effective than clemastine and was associated with significantly less sedation. Few adverse reactions were noted.
Carnitine metabolism was studied and a therapeutic trial with L-carnitine was undertaken in 3 patients with methylmalonic aciduria. Prior to carnitine therapy, the concentration of free carnitine was diminished and the contribution of acylated carnitine to total carnitine was increased in both plasma and urine. During a metabolic crisis, in a patient the intravenous administration of L-carnitine greatly increased, the urinary excretion of acylcarnitine and the plasma concentration of methylmalonic acid fell. In all 3 patients, the chronic oral administration of L-carnitine resulted in the normalisation of the plasma free carnitine concentrations and an increased urinary excretion of carnitine esters. One patient clearly showed clinical improvement under carnitine therapy. The administration of L-carnitine to patients with methylmalonic aciduria results in an increased elimination of toxic propionyl groups and thus to a regeneration of intramitochondrial CoA. In conjunction with appropriate dietary measures, this may improve the metabolic situation of these patients.
The case described in this article shows an almost typical course with blunt abdominal trauma that occurred a long time ago, a primarily recognized but not surgically treated rupture of the diaphragm on the right side, and subsequently developing intestinal signs with recidivating attacks of jaundice caused by displacement of the liver with kinking of the bile duct. The relatively rare late complication of a right-sided enterothorax with ileus makes this a remarkable case and underlines once again the need for immediate or at least early surgery to avoid late complications.
One percent metronidazole in an emollient cream base was compared with 250 mg oral tetracycline taken twice daily for the treatment of seventy-five patients with rosacea. After eight weeks of treatment there was no statistically significant difference between the results of the two treatments. Tetracycline did have a more rapid onset of effect on papules and pustules. Both treatments were well tolerated.
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The use of the enzyme proof for the application of cell mediated immunological defence reactions was demonstrated with preparations of pus, xenogenic transplantations, delayed hypersensitivity, and the granuloma formation.
Investigations of tissues from a naevus pigmentosus and 5 malignant melanomas were carried out. In malignant melanomas, the number of phenoloxidase reactive cells and the quantity of preformed pigment are very variable. It is discussed whether the in vitro phenoloxidase reactive cells and the in vivo pigment formation can be interpreted as expression of a cell mediated immunological defence reaction.
Using 34 muscle specimens from the pars obliqua of the vastus medialis muscle of patients with a clinically manifest patellar chondropathy and of those suffering from a gonarthrosis in various positions (cut biopsies under operation), we depicted the slow-twitch (ST) and the fast-twitch (FT) fibres histochemically and ascertained morphometrically the fibre distribution, the areas of the FT- and the ST-fibres as well as the relative fibre volume of the FT-fibres. Furthermore, we determined biochemically the total activity of the enzymes PGK and of the MDH, according to Bergmeyer (1970). By means of the electrophoresis, we determined the isoenzyme pattern of the LDH from simultaneously cut material (Agar-Agarose technique). The mathematical date processing was made by means of the cluster- und discriminance analysis. The results show that the "rule member" (pars obliqua m. vast. med.)--in order to maintain the orthograde gliding motion of the patella in the course of the development of degenerative joint illness--experiences extreme structural and biochemical changes caused by modifications within the neuromuscular motor control pattern. This becomes evident by a FT-hypertrophy at the beginning of the intraarticular disorders and by the increasing development of the "neurogeneous tissue syndrome" with partly fascicular FT-atrophy in cases of progressive degenerative joint processes.