Continuation vs discontinuation of low-phenylalanine diet in PKU adolescents.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
H Schmidt
Publications and source records attributed to H Schmidt.
African trypanosomiasis: haematogenic brain parasitism early in experimental infection through bypassing the blood-brain barrier, with considerations on brain trypanosomiasis in man.
A hematogenic invasion of the brain in suckling NMRI mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was initiated by means of a mechanical damage of the blood-brain barrier. The brain was punctured after development of a blood infection. Brain infection was found in 31 out of 32 animals examined. Trypanosomes are initially capable of rapid multiplication. The number of parasites was highest during the 1st week. From the middle of the 2nd week the number of parasites decreased continuously, alongside increasing atrophy. In the 3rd and 4th week only rare degenerating or ghost trypanosomes were present. No reactions were detected in the glial and mesenchymal cells. It is presumed that the short phase of trypanosome multiplication is due to the temporary collateral oedema of the brain tissue. The decrease in parasites from the 2nd week onwards is mainly attributed to natural death due to particular anatomical features of the brain tissue. These are also responsible for the absence of defensive inflammatory reactions, based on the hypothesis that contact between trypanosomes and the cells of the brain blood vessels is prevented.
Animals↗
D600 prolongs inactivation of the contractile system in frog twitch fibres.
(1) Single twitch fibres were dissected from tibialis muscles of Rana temporaria and used to study the effect of D600 (gallopamil) on potassium-induced contractures. (2) 95 mM K-Ringer's was applied for 8-15 s at intervals of generally 2.5-5 min; at temperatures of 6-8 degrees C and in the absence of D600 the amplitude of the contractures remained fairly constant. After pretreatment with D600 (30 microM) a single (conditioning) K-contracture was sufficient to 'paralyze' the fibres (cf. Eisenberg et al. 1983). (3) Complete paralysis could also be achieved at 18-20 degrees C. In three fibres a single conditioning K-application was sufficient; in two more fibres two or three conditioning K-applications were required. (4) D600-paralysis could not only be achieved with high K-concentrations but also by conditioning with sub- or suprathreshold K-concentrations (20-40 mM); the duration of the conditioning periods required to induce complete paralysis was approximately the same before and after D600-treatment. (5) Contractures were partially abolished by application of 20-40 mM K-Ringer's for short conditioning periods; after D600-treatment the degree of contracture loss was similar. (6) At low temperature the state of partial or complete paralysis induced by subthreshold K-concentrations and D600 was maintained for long periods of time. (7) The presence of 10 mM Ca2+ did not protect the fibres from being paralyzed by treatment with D600 and high K-Ringer's at low temperature; however, more than one conditioning K-application was required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Action Potentials↗
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is prevalent in Malawi.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Radiological findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I H/S (Hurler-Scheie syndrome).
The development of radiological changes in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type I H/S is described. Radiological findings reveal enlargement of the sella in one patient, impression of the basilar skull in the other patient. Sclerosis and thickening of the base of skull was observed in both patients. The mandibular necks were short with striking flattening of the superior surfaces of the condyles, when the patients reached adult age. At the age of 12, hypertelorism and spaced teeth were already present in both patients. In addition, they showed early costal, clavicular and scapular changes, irregularities of the acromial joints and acetabulae, hypoplasia of the inferior portion of the iliac bones and flared iliac wings. The flat femurs had short metaphyses and were held in valgus position. Development of dentigerous cysts as well as mandibular changes seem to be rather specific for this variant of alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. In contrast to the classical form of MPS I, skeletal changes of the spine and hands are minimal.
Adult↗
Development of Trypanosoma brucei in suckling mouse brain following intracerebral injection.
Intracerebral inoculation of Trypanosoma b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense into suckling mice produced infection of brain tissue which subsequently gave rise to an infection of the blood and other tissues, in which a normal histopathological picture was observed. Treatment of other intracerebrally infected sucklings with 5 mg/kg diminazene aceturate (Berenil) to clear the infection from the blood permitted a study of the course of the infection in the brain without interference from pathological processes induced by bloodstream infections. There was rapid multiplication and migration of trypanosomes throughout the brain of mice. Pathological processes normally seen in experimental central nervous system infections were absent, except in a single mouse treated earlier with Berenil which developed meningo-encephalitis with trypanosomes present in the choroid plexus. The possible use of such a model system in chemotherapeutic studies is discussed.
Animals↗
REM and delta sleep in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Several recent investigations have suggested that neurobiological similarities may exist between patients with eating disorders and those with depression. We performed polysomnograms for two consecutive nights on nine bulimic and six anorectic patients who had no concomitant diagnosis of endogenous depression. The rapid eye movement (REM) latency, REM density, and delta sleep of these subjects on night 2 were compared to those of 10 healthy controls of similar ages. Contrary to reports of shortened REM latency and increased REM density in depressed patients, we did not find significant REM differences between eating disorder patients without endogenous depression and healthy control subjects. Low weight anorectics did appear to have less delta sleep than did controls. These findings do not support the contention that eating disorders are variants of affective disorders.
Adolescent↗
Differential expression of the HLA-B7 and the HLA-A2 gene in transfected mouse L(tk-) cells after stimulation by mouse interferon.
Mouse L(tk-) cells were transfected with recombinant genomic clones encoding the human major histocompatibility antigens HLA-A2 or HLA-B7. The exposure of 15 different transfected cell clones to mouse interferon resulted in an up to 2.9-fold enhancement of the HLA-A2 antigen at the cell surface but in an up to 5.5-fold enhancement of the HLA-B7 antigen as shown by quantitative radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies directed against different HLA epitopes. Using the HLA-Bw6 specific monoclonal antibody 2BC4, an even higher increase of the HLA-B7 antigen (up to 12-fold) could be observed. This higher inducibility of an HLA-B versus HLA-A locus gene may reflect distinct regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of HLA class I subregion antigens.
Animals↗
Comparative investigations about three different identification systems for Campylobacter pyloridis from human antrum mucosa.
Campylobacter pyloridis (C. p.) which was first isolated in 1983 in Australia by Marshall and Warren from human gastric mucosa has since been associated with chronic gastritis and ulceration of stomach and duodenum. A typical characteristic of this microorganism is very strong urease formation. Therefore, from the appearance of that enzyme in the gastric mucosa colonization with C. p. can be inferred. The investigations reported here were done to compare the cultivation of C. p. as a direct proof of the presence of this microorganism with two different enzymatic procedures to be used as a rapid indirect method for demonstration of the presence of C. p. A total of 100 patients were involved. The results show rather good agreement between all three procedures used (80%), so that, at least for epidemiological surveys, the demonstration of urease may be used as an indirect procedure for the demonstration of the presence of C. p.
Biopsy↗
[Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis].
Clinical, CT and, in one case, autopsy findings indicated a diagnosis of a severe necrotising encephalitis in two patients. Although usually herpes simplex virus is blamed for this form of encephalitis, it was possible to prove in these two patients that Mycoplasma was the causative agent of the disease. It is concluded that this organism can produce a serious disease in the central nervous system similar to that caused by herpes simplex.
Brain↗
[Computed tomography changes in children with shunted hydrocephalus and intermittent cranial pressure crises].
Seven children with drained hydrocephalus are described who showed increasingly severe and frequent episodes of intermittently raised intracranial pressure. CT examinations during symptom-free intervals, or after conservative treatment, showed collapsed slit-like ventricles. Examination during attacks of raised pressure showed relative dilatation of the ventricles as compared with earlier examinations. Children with ventricular shunts of long duration may develop a shunt-dependent syndrome; CT may show normal or narrow ventricles and this does not exclude the possibility of a rise of intracranial pressure. These findings may help in making the diagnosis by means of CT without any further invasive procedures.
Adolescent↗
Domoprednate, a new nonhalogenated topical steroid: comparison to hydrocortisone butyrate.
Thirty-nine patients with mainly psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis were treated for 4 weeks with 0.1% domoprednate and hydrocortisone butyrate ointment according to a right-left, randomized design. Various assessments of efficacy only revealed marginal, but statistically insignificant differences. Patients' preferences for one of the two treatment favored domoprednate in 20 cases and hydrocortisone butyrate in 12 cases; 6 cases were ties (p greater than 0.2). The efficacy of domoprednate, a new, nonhalogenated topical steroid, is evidently at least of the same order as that of the hydrocortisone butyrate, and the tolerance of the two ointments is equally good.
Administration, Topical↗
Modulation of the glucagon-dependent induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by adenosine, but not ketone bodies or ammonia in rat hepatocyte cultures. Possible significance for the zonal heterogeneity of liver parenchyma.
In primary cultures of rat hepatocytes the glucagon-dependent induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was studied in the presence of putative local hormone and substrate modulators which form clear concentration gradients during liver passage such as adenosine, ketone bodies and ammonia. 1) Adenosine inhibited the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in a concentration-dependent manner between 50 and 200 microM up to 4 h after glucagon application; AMP had similar, adenine, inosine and guanosine had no effect. Adenosine was almost totally metabolized by the liver cells during the first 4 h of the induction period. The inhibitory action of adenosine was also observed using dibutyryl-cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP as inducer; it could not be prevented by the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine nor could it be mimicked by the selective adenosine receptor agonist N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. 2) Acetoacetate suppressed the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in a concentration-dependent manner between 5 and 20mM during the first 4 h after glucagon addition. beta-Hydroxybutyrate showed no effect. Neither starting with acetoacetate nor with beta-hydroxybutyrate did the cell cultures establish the thermodynamic equilibrium between the two compounds. 3) Ammonia did not affect induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase at concentrations up to 2mM. Ammonia was converted to urea within the first 4 h; yet it remained at clearly hyperphysiological concentrations in the medium during that period. It is concluded that the glucagon-dependent induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was modulated by the local hormone adenosine via a mechanism not involving adenylate cyclase and by acetoacetate via an unknown mechanism. The inhibitory action of adenosine may, that of acetoacetate can hardly be physiologically relevant.
Acetoacetates↗
Effect of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on ATP-dependent calcium transport of basolateral vesicles from human duodenum.
Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) were simultaneously prepared from surgically resected pieces of morphologically intact human duodenum with a modified Percoll gradient centrifugation method. Alkaline phosphatase was enriched 20-fold in BBMV, whereas (Na+ + K+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase was enriched 15-fold in BLMV. BBMV and BLMV were preincubated with 3 microM synthetic somatostatin-14 or 3 microM SMS 201-995 for 10 min at 5 degrees C. In BBMV calcium, sodium, D-glucose, L-alanine, and D-mannitol uptake was unaffected by somatostatin-14 and SMS 201-995. In BLMV we found two Ca++ transport systems: Na+/Ca++ exchange and ATP-driven Ca++ transport. Somatostatin-14 had no effect on either of the two transport mechanisms. SMS 201-995 had no effect on Na+/Ca++ exchange but significantly inhibited basolateral ATP-dependent Ca++ transport (-40% +/- 5%, p less than 0.005).
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Retinoids and systemic chemotherapy in cases of advanced mycosis fungoides. A report from the Scandinavian Mycosis Fungoides Group.
In cases of advance mycosis fungoides, the systemic chemotherapy combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone was given to 8 cases, and the same 3-drug combination with the addition of oral retinoids given to 12 cases. All cases were in a progressive phase of the disease. Remission was obtained in 5/8 cases treated with the combination and in 7/12 cases treated with the combination plus retinoids. The remissions were complete in half of the cases, but relapse occurred within 3 to 6 months in all but 2 cases. The two treatment patient groups were not fully comparable but the conclusion is that the addition of retinoids to systemic chemotherapy combination regimens is of some advantage. There still exists, however, need of more adequate treatment modalities in advanced mycosis fungoides.
Bleomycin↗
Experimental acute pancreatitis. In vitro magnetic resonance characteristics.
The effect of pancreatitis on magnetic resonance T1 and T2 relaxation times was evaluated in two different models of acute pancreatitis in the rat. Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced by repetitive intraperitoneal injections of the cholecystokinin-analogue caerulein; acute hemorrhage pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of the bile salt sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. T1 and T2 relaxation times were obtained in vitro from fresh pancreatic specimens at 37 degrees C with a 0.25 resistive spectrometer. In both edematous and hemorrhagic pancreatitis, significant prolongation of T1 and T2 was noted as early as 1.5 hours after the initiation of pancreatitis when compared with normal rat pancreas. Maximal prolongation occurred at 7 hours in the caerulein model with T1 of 966 +/- 46 msec (mean +/- SEM) (normal + 278 +/- 12 msec) and T2 of 75.9 +/- 2.9 msec (normal = 32.8 +/- 3.3 msec), and after 6 hours in the bile salt model with T1 of 798 +/- 40 msec and T2 of 92.5 +/- 3.3 msec. After the time point of maximal prolongation, T1 and T2 gradually decreased toward the normal values. The prolongation of T1 and T2 paralleled each other throughout the time course of pancreatitis in both models. The prolongation of both relaxation times correlated closely with pancreatic weight, water content, and amylase concentration in serum and ascites. The present determination of T1 and T2 relaxation times by in vitro spectrometry suggests that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential for detecting early pathologic changes in acute pancreatitis and thus may be helpful for an early clinical diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Disease↗
[Behavior of the histamine level in induction of anesthesia with propofol and methohexital].
In a study of the effect of intravenous anesthetics on plasma histamine levels, propofol and methohexital were administered to patients. Histamine determination was performed using an improved fluometric method specific for imidazole derivatives. As a primary step, the plasma histamine concentration was determined in 60 healthy, fasting probands and used as a comparative value. The mean value obtained from 60 examinations was 0.38 +/- 0.12 ng/ml, the median value was 0.37 ng/ml (Table 1). The next step consisted in determination of plasma histamine values in 20 patients 1 h following premedication with fentanyl. In this group, the mean value was 0.33 +/- 0.11 ng/ml, the median value 0.316 ng/ml (Table 2). In another 20 patients the plasma histamine concentration was determined 1 h following intramuscular injection of 1.4 microgram fentanyl +0.07 mg/kg droperidol (Thalamonal). In this group, the mean value was 0.373 +/- 0.11 ng/ml and the median value was 0.736 ng/ml. Subsequently, the effect of 2.5 mg/kg propofol (Disoprivan) or 1 mg/kg methohexital (Brevimytal) on plasma histamine levels was examined in a randomized, prospective study in 22 patients of ASA class I and II (Table 3, Fig. 2). Two minutes prior to injection of the test substances and 2, 4, 8, and 13 min following injection, plasma histamine levels, blood pressure, and heart rate were examined. In both groups, no changes in plasma histamine levels were observed during the period of examination. Comparison of the individual time columns within a group as well as intergroup comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in either the t test or the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Toxic shock caused by Staphylococcus aureus--a case report].
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Adult↗