Biomedical subjects

H Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to H Schmid.

275 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Treosulfan in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: a randomised co-operative multicentre phase III-study.

BACKGROUND: In August 1988 a randomised phase III multicenter trial was started in order to compare cisplatinum/treosulfan (PT) with standard cisplatinum/cyclophosphamide (PC) in advanced ovarian carcinoma, aiming at lower toxicity and maintained efficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred and nineteen patients were enrolled into the protocol. Final evaluation after a median observation time of more than five years was made in July 1996 and included 398 eligible patients, of whom 366 were evaluable regarding efficiency and 290 in respect of toxicity. The tumour stages were classified as FIGO II in 53, FIGO III in 244 and FIGO IV in 68 patients. The patients were stratified regarding post-operative tumour burden. RESULTS: Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity WHO > = 3 were comparable between the two study arms though a significant difference could be demonstrated regarding alopecia (PT 8% vs. PC 47% after six cycles). The median time to progression as the main efficiency item was in favour of the study schedule (PT 20.6 vs. PC 15.1 months) while significant differences were neither observed in the whole study group nor in the analysed subgroups (R0, < 2 cm, > = 2 cm). The same held true for overall survival. CONCLUSION: PT may be recommended as a less toxic substitute for the former standard PC. After the acceptance of paclitaxel/cisplatin as a new standard, the role of treosulfan should be investigated regarding adjuvant therapy in patients without residual tumor, as a potential partner in triple or sequential treatment and in second-line treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Carbohydrate metabolism in rat kidney: heterogeneous distribution of glycolytic and gluconeogenic key enzymes.

The distribution pattern of the unidirectional enzymes of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), within the nephron was studied by the microdissection and oil-well techniques according to LOWRY and PASSONNEAU [11]. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity was found to be highest in the proximal convolution, whereas phosphofructokinase revealed its highest activity in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Starvation and NH4Cl acidosis led to an increase of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity in the proximal convolution. These results indicate a clear separation of the glucose synthesizing and degrading pathways within the nephron, which is maintained in conditions that stimulate gluconeogenesis.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Laser in gynecology. Palliative laser treatment in genital and breast cancers].

Local, so-called incurable, recurrences of breast or genital cancers were as therapeutic challenge in the past. The authors undertook a pilot trial of laser treatment in 45 patients, as a palliative measure, in view of the serious psychological and physical problems experienced by these women constantly confronted by the presence of painful, visible and often ulcerated tumor lesions. CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers were used for tumor vaporisation and coagulation, the combined use of these two wavelengths providing the new study concept which emerged from this pilot trial.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A in the rat. I. Specific intrarenal zonation of reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity.

The intranephronal distribution pattern of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, a marker enzyme of mitochondrial inner membranes, was examined by histochemical investigation in the kidneys of 27 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals received cyclosporine A per os (15, 30 or 50 mg/kg.day) for 12 or 24 days. Six animals of the latter group remained untreated for a further 24 days. Five rats treated orally with 30 mg/kg.day olive oil served as controls. The kidneys of 2 normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined for comparison. Cyclosporine A reversibly induced a characteristic pattern of nephron segments with various degrees of reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity: in the proximal and distal tubules of subcapsular areas of the cortical labyrinth, of the medullary rays, and of the outer stripe of the outer medulla. The remaining areas contained tubules with normal succinate dehydrogenase activity, as confirmed by microphotometrical measurement. The number of these tubules appeared to be decreased under higher doses of cyclosporine A, irrespective of the duration of treatment. The finding of heterogeneous affection of tubular mitochondrial cristae membranes reflects direct tubulotoxicity of cyclosporine A.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A in the rat. II. Reversible changes in intranephronal and urinary catalytic activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.

Cyclosporine A (15, 30 or 50 mg/kg.day) or olive oil (30 mg/kg.day) were administered orally to 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 or 24 days, or withdrawn for 24 days following 24 days of treatment. The specific activity of a lysosomal marker enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, was determined fluorometrically in single nephron segments microdissected from lyophilized kidney sections of these animals and of an additional 2 normal rats. The segments were classified according to their normal or reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity as detected in stained adjacent sections. In addition, urine specimens collected after 12, 24, 36, and 48 days of the experiment were tested for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity. After treatment with cyclosporine A, changes in the activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were found only in the proximal tubules. In the convoluted segments with normal succinate dehydrogenase activity, the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was 138-163%, and in those with reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity, it was unchanged or 66-83% of the control values. In the straight segments with reduced succinate dehydrogenase activity, the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase increased gradually along the medullary rays (122-214%) to the outer stripe of the outer medulla (178-263%) in comparison to the control values. In the urine specimens, the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was increased to 148-152%. These tubular and urinary changes were similar for each dosage and treatment period. After withdrawal of cyclosporine A they were not present. The variety of alterations occurring within the lysosomes along the proximal tubules of cyclosporine-A-treated rats implies the convoluted part as the site of increased release of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase into the urine.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗