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Biomedical subjects

H Scher

Publications and source records attributed to H Scher.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The courtship disorders.

This study tested parts of the hypothesis that voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucheurism and frotteurism, obscene telephone calling, and at least some cases of the preferential rape pattern are all based on the same disturbance. In Part One, a frequency count of patients referred for one of these activities who subsequently reported having engaged in others of this same class was in accord with the clinical impression that there is a high degree of concomitance among at least some of these activities. In Parts Two and Three, relative preference for anomalous vs. normal erotic interactions was assessed by monitoring penile volume changes during verbally presented descriptions of corresponding situations. Part Two demonstrated that patients who suffered from one of the disorders in question other than voyeurism and who denied voyeuristic activity or tendencies, nonetheless responded more to narratives describing voyeuristic situations than did controls. Part Three showed that exhibitionists who denied toucheuristic activity or tendencies responded more to toucheuristic stimuli than did controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Impact of symptomatic interval on prognosis of patients with stage III testicular cancer.

In patients with testicular cancer, the interval from the onset of symptoms to histologic diagnosis has been correlated with extent of disease. To determine whether or not the symptomatic interval was related to response to chemotherapy and extent of disease in patients presenting with metastatic disease, the charts of 253 patients treated with chemotherapy were reviewed. In the 123 patients presenting with metastatic disease, for whom the symptomatic interval was known, complete response was significantly associated with the symptomatic interval (P = 0.039). A trend was noted between the symptomatic interval and the extent of retroperitoneal metastases (P = 0.065). The survival of patients with testicular cancer in all stages may be improved by heightening public awareness through educational programs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Multivariate analysis of prognostic variables in patients with metastatic testicular cancer.

A majority of patients with metastatic testicular cancer achieve a complete remission as a result of current treatment programs. However, patients who fail to achieve a complete remission have a very poor prognosis, and nearly all die of their disease. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of several clinical variables associated with prognosis was performed using data from 171 patients treated for metastatic testicular cancer at Memorial Hospital between September 1975 and February 1981. A mathematical model was identified which correctly predicted 94% of complete remissions and 83% of all outcomes. The variables achieving statistical significance were the logarithm of the serum values of lactate dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001) and human chorionic gonadotropin (p less than 0.001) and the total number of sites of metastasis (p less than 0.001). The model was tested against 49 patients with metastatic testicular cancer treated at the University of Minnesota Hospitals, and it correctly predicted 86% of complete remissions and 84% of all outcomes. In a highly curable disease such as testicular cancer, mathematical modeling may enable the clinical investigator to anticipate those patients who are least likely to do well. Alternate treatment strategies would be appropriate for such patients.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetics of 4'-carboxyphthalato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II).

4'-Carboxyphthalato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) is a new, second generation platinum analog which had demonstrated in vitro activity in L1210 cell lines resistant to cisplatin and had less nephrotoxicity than did cisplatin in preclinical animal testing. A Phase I trial with this agent has been performed in 45 patients with advanced refractory cancers. Nine dosage levels, ranging from 40 to 800 mg/sq m, were studied. Major toxicities seen were myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity (which was generally mild), nausea and vomiting (which was quantitatively less than that seen with cis-platin), allergic reactions, and a peripheral neuropathy. The dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetics performed at three dosage levels indicates that 4'-carboxyphthalato-(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) has a long t1/2 of 20 to 30 hr (total platinum) and is only partially excreted in the urine and that a high proportion of the drug is nonfilterable within 30 to 60 min of administration. Therapeutic responses were seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and lung and gastric cancer. As a starting dose for Phase II studies, which are planned for patients with ovarian, testicular, lung, gastric, and esophageal cancers, 640 mg/sq m given every 3 to 4 weeks is recommended.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1981

Random walk theory of a trap-controlled hopping transport process.

A random walk theory of hopping motion in the presence of a periodic distribution of traps is presented. The solution of the continuous-time random walk equations is exact and valid for arbitrary intersite interactions and trap concentration. The treatment is shown to be equivalent to an exact solution of the master equation for this trapping problem. These interactions can be a general function of electric field and are not restricted to nearest neighbors. In particular, with the inclusion of trap-to-trap interactions, as well as trap-to-host interactions, an exact treatment of the change from one hopping channel to another has been obtained. The trap-modulated propagator has been derived in terms of a type of Green's function that is introduced. The results are specialized to spatial moments of the propagator, from which expressions for the drift velocity and diffusion coefficient are obtained. Numerical results for the drift velocity are presented and shown to account for the change in hopping channels in recent transport measurements in mixed molecularly doped polymers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Field-induced trapping as a probe of dimensionality in molecular crystals.

The combined effect of an electric field and reduced dimensionality on the hopping motion of a charge carrier in an anisotropic molecular crystal is determined. New, exact expressions for S(t), the number of distinct sites occupied by a carrier in time t, are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional anisotropic lattices. The general results are used to model the unusual phenomenon of field-induced charge carrier trapping reported to occur in a quasi-one-dimensional molecular crystal. An analytic expression for the carrier lifetime tau, as a function of the anisotropy in the molecular hopping rates and electric field, is developed and is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results. A major conclusion of the theory is that E(c), the electric field characterizing the E dependence of tau, can be a more direct probe of the intrinsic anisotropy than is the observed mobility ratio.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychophysiological and physiological aspects of T-wave amplitude in the objective study of behavior.

The objective study of behavior, which is the stated aim of our society, does not impose restrictions on the levels of explanatory constructs that are used. The only restriction is that the evidence concerning those constructs be stated in an objective or scientifically communicable way. Thus the concepts that we employ to explain behavior range from the sociologic to the biochemical. This article's underlying thesis is that behavior needs to be investigated at various levels, and that these levels should be clearly differentiated in order to bring these investigations into a scientifically meaningful relationship. The thesis is here illustrated by examining evidence and arguments concerning the utility and status of a noninvasive index of myocardial performance: T-wave amplitude (TWA). The examination begins at a psychophysiological-index level, wherein TWA is considered in terms of how well this noninvasive physiological index differentiates psychological processes. Secondly, at a lower physiological-index level, we consider the assumption that TWA reflects a relatively unitary physiological process, myocardial beta-adrenergic sympathetic influence. Both the grounds for and implications of this assumption are discussed. Finally, at the physiological-index level of discourse, brief reference is made to the mechanism by which changes in beta-adrenergic sympathetic innervation may produce correlated changes in TWA. The overall aim of the article is to differentiate these three levels of investigation, and yet also to consider the interrelationship among these three levels in order to provide a fuller scientific understanding of the phenomena involved.

Cognition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrocardiographic T-wave changes are more pronounced in type A than in type B men during mental work.

Phasic changes in heart rate (HR) and electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude (TWA) were monitored in healthy Type A (coronary-prone) and Type B (non-coronary-prone) men during the performance of a difficult arithmetic task. Type As showed significantly greater reductions in TWA as compared to Type Bs, though no group differences were present in HR change. This pattern of results, wherein a significant Type A-B difference was observed in a phasic measure of ventricular performance (TWA), but not in one of supraventricular performance (HR), suggests that Type As experience excessive neurally mediated sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium during mental work.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-schema in irritable bowel syndrome and depression.

Some investigators have suggested that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents a physiologic expression of an affective disorder. This study investigated whether IBS patients differed in their self-schema from depressed patients. Self-schema refers to a cognitive framework of the individual's beliefs, attitudes, and self-perceptions which is stored in memory and which influences incoming information. The sample consisted of 21 IBS patients, 21 psychiatric outpatients with major depression (MD), and 19 normal controls. All groups were age matched. Subjects completed a structured psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), in addition to a test of self-schema, which involved rating and recall of a variety of "depressed" and "nondepressed" content adjectives. Consistent with previous work on self-schema, the MD group recalled significantly more depressed adjectives rated under the self-referent task than the Control group (p less than 0.05) and, also, the IBS group (p less than 0.05). Most striking was the finding that a subgroup of IBS patients who met criteria for MD (43% of the sample) recalled significantly more self-referent nondepressed words (and less self-referent depressed words) than the MD group (p less than 0.05). In other words, IBS patients with MD do not view themselves as depressed. These findings suggest that while some IBS and depressed psychiatric outpatients may share depressive symptoms, these groups can be differentiated by their self-schema.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of continuous time random walk theory to tracer test measurements in fractured and heterogeneous porous media.

We examine a set of analytical solutions based on the continuous time random walk (CTRW) approach, which can be evaluated numerically and used to analyze breakthrough data from tracer tests. Practical application of these solutions, with discussion of the physical meaning of the relevant model parameters, is emphasized. The CTRW theory accounts for the often observed non-Fickian (or scale-dependent) dispersion behavior that cannot be properly quantified by using the advection-dispersion equation. The solutions given here, valid for a wide range of dispersive behaviors of conservative tracers, and useful for both characterization and prediction, have been integrated into a library of external functions for use with the GRACE graphical display and analysis package. Example applications of these solutions are presented. The library and graphics software are freely accessible from a Web site.

Chemical Phenomena↗