Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Schapiro.
Ethyl alcohol infiltration of the submucosa of canine denervated gastric pouches markedly reduced the gastric secretory responses to histamine and food without changing the histologic appearance. It is postulated that the ethyl alcohol destroyed the submucosal nerve plexus which regulates the parietal cells.
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was experimentally induced in the dog by the closed-duodenal-loop technique. The disease process was modified and partially reversed by intravenous infusions of vasopressin, as indicated by some of our tests for pancreatitis as well as histologic examination of the pancreas.
Vasopressin (ADH) is known to reduce secretin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion. The present study attempts to relate this inhibitory effect to the vasoconstrictive potency of ADH. Regional blood flow in most of the vascular areas. The greatest reduction in blood flow was seen in the gastrointestinal area especially in the left gastric artery, cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries, as well as the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries. Renal blood flow was not altered by those concentrations of ADH that reduced gastrointestinal blood flow. ADH reduced pancreaticoduodenal blood flow in concentrations comparable to those concentrations that reduced pancreatic secretory flow. The reduction of gastrointestinal blood flow was due to increased impedance and not to diminished cardiac inotropy.
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A direct relationship was observed between the percentage inhibition of secretin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine flow and the dose of antidiuretic hormone administered with the minimal effective concentration being 0.75 m units/kg or 0.012 m units/ml. An alteration in the molecular configuration of the antidiuretic hormone modified its ability to inhibit secretin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion.
Antidiuretic hormone had a marked effect on the microscopic anatomy of the pancreas and the duodenum subjected to a closed duodenal loop obstruction. In contrast to the acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis usually seen, the pancreas showed only a slight extravasation of red and white blood cells into the connective tissue spaces, some blood vessel engorgement and a slight edema. No tissue disruption of the pancreas was observed. The appearance of the closed loops were also modified by the antidiuretic hormone. These closed loops contained small amounts of fluid with little odor and the duodenal villi showed little or no necrosis. Antidiuretic hormone also reduced the amylase concentration and the fluid volume in the peritoneal cavity and in the closed duodenal loop.
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