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Biomedical subjects

H Sawada

Publications and source records attributed to H Sawada.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of adenovirus type 8: two new subtypes from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan.

We studied the restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of DNAs of adenovirus type 8 (Ad 8) isolated from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis cases. DNAs of 25 Ad 8 isolates collected during the period from 1975 to 1981 in Sapporo were subjected to enzymatic cleavage with PstI, BamHl , HindIII and SalI. On the basis of the cleavage patterns, the isolates were divided into two subtypes, A and B, both different from Trim strain used as the Ad 8 prototype strain. Subtype A was prevalent in the period from 1975 to 1978, while subtype B in the period from 1976 to 1981.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

Existence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in differentiated lymphoid leukemic cells.

Acid phosphatase (AcP) in neoplastic cells from various lymphoid leukemias was examined. In the cytochemical studies, tartrate-resistant AcP (T-rAcP) activity was observed in the neoplastic cells from well-differentiated lymphoid leukemias such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), and hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). T-rAcP activity was also detected in a small number of leukemic cells obtained from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), while it was not detected in the neoplastic cells from null-ALL, macroglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). In the electrophoretical studies, fraction 1 (F-1), F-3, F-3b, and F-4 were completely tartrate-sensitive, while F-2 was partially resistant and F-5 was completely resistant. T-rAcP activity (F-5) was observed in ATL cells, B-CLL cells, and HCL cells, while it was not detected in ALL cells, macroglobulinemia cells, and MM cells. The present study indicates that T-rAcP activity is observed not only in HCL cells but also in the well-differentiated lymphoid cells such as ATL cells, B-CLL and T-CLL cells except the most highly differentiated forms of B-cells of MM and macroglobulinemia.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

The fine structure of the bovine Descemet's membrane with special reference to biochemical nature.

A freeze-etch replica method combined with biochemical analyses was used to investigate the ultrastructural organization of the bovine Descemet's membrane. The freeze-etch replica observations revealed that the intact Descemet's membranes were composed of stacks of two-dimensionally arranged hexagonal lattices, in which four components were resolved; (1) round densities as nodes, (2) rod-like structures connecting the densities, (3) randomly oriented fine filaments within the lattices, and (4) amorphous materials covering the lattices. When the membranes were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol, only the amorphous materials were solubilized. However, both the amorphous materials and rod-like structures disappeared in SDS-mercaptoethanol-urea-treated membranes. When the membranes were treated with a very low concentration (0.0005%) of collagenase, rod-like structures and round densities remained insoluble. If the concentration was raised to 0.01%, only the round densities persisted. Comparing these data with the amino acid analysis of each fraction, the following conclusions may be drawn: rod-like structures and fine filaments contain collagenous proteins of different solubility, while round densities and amorphous materials are non-collagenous in nature.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Possible prevention from the progression of cardiotoxicity in adriamycin-treated rabbits by coenzyme Q10.

The cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADR) and its possible prevention by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were studied in rabbits. In the group that received ADR alone, ADR dose-dependent electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities and severe myocardial damage on electron microscopic examination were observed. In the group that received ADR + CoQ10, these alterations occurred in lesser degree, and ECG changes seemed to be improved. The results indicated that CoQ10 might prevent the progression of cardiotoxicity in ADR treated rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Kinetic mechanisms in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by rabbit liver aldehyde reductases and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

The kinetic properties of the NADPH-dependent reduction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by low- and high-molecular-weight aldehyde reductases [alcohol : NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2] and 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases [EC 1.1.1.50 and 1.1.1.51] of rabbit liver were compared. Initial velocity measurements with pyridine-4-aldehyde, 4-benzoylpyridine and androstadione as substrates and inhibition studies with their products indicated that all the enzymes followed an ordered Bi Bi reaction mechanism with coenzyme binding first and leaving last. However, phenylpyruvic acid inhibited 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and low-molecular-weight aldehyde reductase noncompetitively with respect to either NADPH or substrate, whereas it inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and high-molecular-weight aldehyde reductase uncompetitively. Cibacron blue F3GA dye was a dead-end inhibitor of the enzymes, being competitive with respect to NADPH and noncompetitive with respect to the other substrate, but the Ki value of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for this dye was much higher than those of the other enzymes.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of proteins with carbonyl reductase activity and prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase activity from chicken kidney.

Kidney has the greatest capacity among the tissues of chicken for reducing aromatic ketones, and two ketone reductases were separated from this tissue by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and isolated. Though both are monomeric proteins with a molecular weight of 29,500, and with similar amino acid compositions and immunological properties, they differ in their pI values. The two enzyme species show no apparent difference in catalytic properties; aromatic ketones, aldehydes and quinones are reduced at high rates and alicyclic ketones such as 3-ketosteroids and prostaglandin E2 at low rates. The substrate affinity for several representative substrates at pH 7.2 is higher than that at the optimal pH of 6.3. Both enzymes prefer NADPH to NADH as a cofactor. Low NADP+-dependent reverse reactions occur with 9- and 15-hydroxyprostaglandins and certain alcohols as substrates. The enzymes show similar sensitivities to heavy metal ions, SH-reagents, quercitrin, indomethacin, and FMN.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and aetiological study of adenoviral conjunctivitis, with special reference to adenovirus types 4 and 19 infections.

The clinical and aetiological findings are presented on 343 patients with clinical adenoviral conjunctivitis treated between July 1979 and July 1980 at 3 eye clinics in Sapporo. The age of the patients ranged from 12 days to 79 years, and the monthly incidence of the disease from 9 to 83, with clustering in the summer season. The aetiological diagnosis was established in 196 (57%) of 343 patients: adenovirus 3 in 24 cases; adenovirus 4 in 33 cases, including one case serologically diagnosed; adenovirus 8 in 124 cases; and adenovirus 19 in 15 cases. The different serotypes caused different clinical pictures. Adenovirus 19 conjunctivitis was more severe, with keratitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy more frequent than that of adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. Adenovirus 4 conjunctivitis was generally similar to adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. The clinical difference between the 2 groups adenoviruses 3 and 4, and adenoviruses 8 and 9, was statistically significant. Although in Japan adenovirus 8 was the most prevalent, adenoviruses 4 and 19 should be considered as causative agents of adenoviral conjunctivitis.

Adenoviridae Infections↗