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Biomedical subjects

H Sawada

Publications and source records attributed to H Sawada.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of colony-stimulating factor-producing tumor on hemopoiesis in splenectomized mice.

The colony-stimulating factor-producing BMA-1 tumor was transplanted into splenectomized mice. These mice showed as much granulocytosis as non-splenectomized mice bearing the tumor. The increase in the number of peripheral leukocytes induced per tumor weight was similar in the two groups. The hemopoietic cell population in the central bone marrow (tibia) was not increased by splenectomy. The total numbers of spleen colony-forming cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells in the whole body of tumor-bearing splenectomized mice were 29% and 58% of those in the tumor-bearing non-splenectomized mice, respectively. The expansion of hemopoiesis to the peripheral bone marrow in tumor-bearing splenectomized mice was confirmed by histological examination of the tail bone. These results suggest that the lack of increase in the bone marrow cellularity is due to the space limitation, and that this is well compensated for by a great expansion of hemopoietic marrow to the peripheral bones in splenectomized mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Quantitation of regional left ventricular wall motion by curvature: two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis].

Echocardiographically abnormal regional configuration of the left ventricle is one of the clues in detecting asynergy of the left ventricular wall. For the quantitative assessment, regional left ventricular configuration was expressed quantitatively using a new index, relative curvature. To obtain the end-systolic curvature, end-systolic echocardiograms were digitized and divided into eight segments. Then end-systolic curvature was determined as the reciprocal of the circumradius of a triangle determined by three consecutive dividing points. Relative curvature was defined as the product of end-systolic curvature multiplied by end-diastolic circumference. To assess the accuracy of quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular wall motion by relative curvature, short-axis images of the left ventricle at the level of the chordae tendineae were analyzed in 20 patients with myocardial infarction and 20 normal subjects by three different indices: segmental area change using a fixed reference system, segmental wall thickness change, and relative curvature. Groups of 10 patients with anteroseptal infarction, 10 patients with inferoposterior infarction, and 10 normal subjects could be differentiated from each other by these three indices. With the 95 per cent confidence intervals obtained from 10 other normal subjects, asynergic segments were detected objectively. By segmental area change, the sensitivity was 100 per cent and the specificity was 90 per cent on the anterior wall; the sensitivity was 90 per cent and the specificity was 95 per cent on the posterior wall. By segmental wall thickness change, the sensitivity was 70 per cent and the specificity was 75 per cent on the anterior wall; and those were 80 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively, on the posterior wall. By relative curvature, the sensitivity was 100 per cent and the specificity was 85 per cent on the anterior wall; and those were 90 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively, on the posterior wall. It was concluded that left ventricular regional contraction could be assessed quantitatively by relative curvature which quantitatively expresses regional left ventricular configuration. This index is independent of any reference systems, so it is expected to be used for quantitative analysis of regional wall motion, even though the cardiac motion within the thorax is not disregarded.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Role of intracellular calcium ion in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation.

The relationship between calcium ions and the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells was investigated. Proliferation of HL-60 cells incubated in calcium-free medium was inhibited without cell differentiation. On the other hand, incubation with 100 microM verapamil markedly inhibited cell proliferation and caused slight cell differentiation into monocytes. Both calcium-free medium and 100 microM verapamil enhanced HL-60 cell differentiation after treatment with 1 nM 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1 nM beta-all-trans-retinoic acid, or 0.75% dimethyl sulfoxide. However, no enhancement was obtained by treatment with 1 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The free cytosolic calcium concentration was measured by the intracellularly trappable fluorescent calcium indicator, quin 2. The increase of intracellular calcium induced by 250 nM ionomycin was completely blocked by 100 microM verapamil in calcium-free medium, suggesting that the high concentration of verapamil (100 microM) blocks the intracellular calcium mobilization in HL-60 cells. Therefore, the enhancing effect of calcium deprivation or verapamil of HL-60 cell differentiation seemed to be closely related to the inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization. This speculation is supported by the finding that 50 microM 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, an intracellular calcium antagonist, also enhanced HL-60 cell differentiation induced by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, beta-all-trans-retinoic acid, or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1986

Effects of splenectomy on the retention of Salmonella enteritidis and on the hemopoietic response to Salmonella infection.

Salmonella infection induces a marked increase in the splenic granulopoiesis, but causes a reduction in hemopoiesis in the bone marrow. In this study, effects of Salmonella enteritidis infection on hemopoietic stem cells were examined in splenectomized (SX-) mice. Splenectomy emphasized hemopoietic damage in the bone marrow caused by Salmonella infection. Total nucleated cells, pluripotent stem cells (CFUs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) in the bone marrow of SX-mice all decreased markedly compared with sham-splenectomized (NX-) mice, and the recovery from the decline was also delayed. Thus, neither enhancement of the granulopoiesis nor granulopoietic recovery in the bone marrow was observed to compensate the granulopoietic response in the spleen. Splenectomy also resulted in a longlasting retention of Salmonella in the liver. The observations indicate that the spleen is the major organ to respond to bacterial invasion in regard to enhanced granulopoiesis and hence enhanced bacterial clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Epithelial polyanion (podocalyxin) is found on the sides but not the soles of the foot processes of the glomerular epithelium.

The distribution of podocalyxin was determined by several different immunoelectron microscopic methods, which included so-called diffusion methods carried out on cryostat sections and surface methods done on ultrathin sections. When localization was carried out by three different indirect immunogold methods (using ultrathin frozen sections, ultrathin sections cut from tissues embedded in Lowicryl K4M or LR White, or 20- mu cryostat sections for incubations), gold particles were found exclusively on the urinary surfaces of glomerular epithelial cells and, at a lower concentration, on the luminal surface of glomerular endothelial cells. No gold was bound to the basal surfaces (soles) of the epithelial foot processes, the filtration slit diaphragms, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), or those regions of the endothelial plasmalemma that face the GBM. When podocalyxin was localized by an indirect immunoperoxidase method on cryostat sections, heavy deposits of reaction product were seen on the same cell surfaces as with the immunogold methods. Each of the methods used had certain advantages as well as limitations, but the collective results obtained were convergent and complimentary. It is concluded that podocalyxin is restricted in its distribution to the urinary surfaces of epithelial cells and the luminal surface of endothelial cells; it is missing or present in very low concentrations on the soles (basal surface) of the epithelial foot processes, the slit diaphragms and the basement membrane surface of the endothelium; and the podocalyxin-containing regions of the epithelial and endothelial plasmalemmae constitute microdomains of distinctive membrane protein composition on the corresponding cell surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of atypical leukemia].

Treatment of atypical leukemia is reviewed with emphasis on the establishment of the concept of atypical leukemia and the treatment of this disease is discussed on a historical basis. Furthermore, a recent approach to this disease based on induction of differentiation of leukemia cells by low-dose cytosine arabinoside is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of urinary polyamine by a new enzymatic differential assay. (I). Fundamental study on a new enzymatic differential assay].

A new enzymatic method for determining urinary polyamine concentration by fractionation of the urinary acetyl conjugate into free polyamines with acylpolyamine amido-hydrolase and quantification using two kinds of amine-oxidase of different substrate specificity was examined. High recovery rates of urinary polyamine by enzymatic hydrolyzation were obtained, namely, 95 +/- 4% for diamine, 95 +/- 1% for spermidine and 99 +/- 2% for spermine. Furthermore, excellent linearity was demonstrated with up to 150 mumole/l diamine, up to 75 mumole/l spermidine and up to 50 mumole/l spermine. Although urinary polyamine concentration varied diurnally even after correction of urinary creatinine, day-to-day variation disappeared. In 24-hour pooled urine and voluntary urine, diamine, spermidine and spermine correlated relatively well. Urinary leukocytes and erythrocytes exerted no influence on urinary polyamine.

Diamines↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of urinary polyamine by a new enzymatic differential assay. (II). Comparison with conventional method].

A new method of determining urinary polyamine concentration was compared with other techniques, namely, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a polyamine test-enzyme kit. The values obtained by the new method, HPLC, and polyamine test-enzyme kit correlated well for all the fractions: diamine, spermidine and spermine. The correlation between the new method and the polyamine test-enzyme kit gave r = 0.9702, y = 1.1359x + 5.1266 (n = 48).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of polyamines by a new enzymatic differential assay. (4). Fundamental study on a new enzymatic differential assay of blood].

The enzymatic method for isolation and determination of urinary polyamines was modified to measure the polyamines in the blood. High recovery rates of polyamine in blood by enzymatic hydrolyzation were obtained, namely, 101.9 +/- 4.4% for diamine, 96.0 +/- 5.4% for spermidine and 104.1 +/- 3.3% for spermine. Furthermore excellent linearity was demonstrated. Within-run precision of polyamine in blood was excellent, namely, in C.V., 1.15% for Reaction 1, 2.11% for Reaction 2 and 2.79% for Reaction 3. This method was compared with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a close correlation was demonstrated for all the fractions: diamine r = 0.8824, y = 1.367x+0.0417 (n = 15); spermidine r = 0.9878, y = 0.806x+5.218 (n = 15); spermine r = 0.9764, y = 1.068x-0.9195 (n = 15).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of polyamines by a new enzymatic differential assay. (5). Studies on polyamine in the blood of patients with malignant genitourinary diseases].

Using the new enzymatic assay for isolation and determination of polyamine in blood presented in Report 4, the polyamines in the blood were isolated and determined in 84 patients with genitourinary cancer. In the early diagnosis, the positive rates of each fraction were not so high, but, relatively high positive rates were demonstrated, when any one of the polyamines were found positive: namely, 85.7% in renal cell cancer, 66.7% in renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, 44.0% in bladder cancers. These results seem to support the usefulness of the new method, and encourage further investigation of polyamines in the blood as tumor markers.

Diamines↗
PubMed1985

Trypsin-like enzyme from eggs of the ascidian (protochordate), Halocynthia roretzi. Purification, properties, and physiological role.

A trypsin-like enzyme has been purified to apparent homogeneity from eggs of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, by a procedure including column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, and soybean trypsin inhibitor-immobilized Sepharose 4B. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 31,000 and 33,000 by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate under the reducing and the nonreducing conditions, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.8. The pH optimum of the activity was 8.4. The enzyme was stable between pH 6 and 9 in the presence of 0.005% Brij 35 as a stabilizer. Substrate specificity of the purified enzyme was broad toward various peptidyl-arginine (or -lysine) 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides and was similar to that of a trypsin-like enzyme found in the fertilization product. The purified enzyme was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and a variety of trypsin inhibitors including leupeptin, but not, or scarcely, inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, pepstatin, chymostatin, bestatin, elastatinal, and tosyl-phenylalanyl-chloromethane. The rankings in the potencies of leupeptin and its six analogs as the inhibitors of the purified enzyme were well correlated with those found in their inhibitory effects on the expansion of perivitelline space. Thus, the trypsin-like enzyme possibly present in the fertilization product participates in the expansion of perivitelline space of the egg during fertilization of the ascidian.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reductases for carbonyl compounds in human liver.

Two aldehyde reductases with mol. wt 78,000 and 32,000 and one carbonyl reductase with mol. wt 31,000 were purified to homogeneity from human liver cytosol. The high molecular weight aldehyde reductase exhibited properties similar to alcohol dehydrogenase; it had a single subunit of mol. wt 41,000 and a pI value of 10 to 10.5, and showed preference for NADH over NADPH as cofactor and sensitivity to SH-reagents, pyrazole, o-phenanthroline and isobutyramide. The enzyme reduced aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, alicyclic ketones and alpha-diketones and an optimal pH of 6.0, and oxidized various alcohols with NAD as a cofactor at an optimal pH of 8.8. The identity of the enzyme with alcohol dehydrogenase was established by starch gel electrophoresis and co-purification of the two enzymes. The other enzymes were NADPH-dependent and monomeric reductases; the aldehyde reductase reduced aldehydes, hexonates and alpha-diketones and was sensitive to barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin and valproate, while the carbonyl reductase showed a broad substrate specificity for aldehydes, ketones and quinones and was inhibited by SH-reagent, quercitrin and benzoic acid. The latter enzyme appeared in three multiforms with different charges which occurred in differing ratios in liver specimens. Comparison of kinetic constants for aldehydes among the enzymes indicated that alcohol dehydrogenase is the best reductase with the highest affinity and Kcat values. The enzyme also catalyzed oxidation and reduction of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of NAD at physiological pH of 7.2. Tissue distribution of the three enzymes and variation of their specific activities in human livers were examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Guinea-pig liver testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) and aldehyde reductase exhibit benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity.

We have kinetically and immunologically demonstrated that testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) isoenzymes (EC 1.1.1.64) and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2) from guinea-pig liver catalyse the oxidation of benzene dihydrodiol (trans-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene) to catechol. One isoenzyme of testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase, which has specificity for 5 beta-androstanes, oxidized benzene dihydrodiol at a 3-fold higher rate than 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, and showed a more than 4-fold higher affinity for benzene dihydrodiol and Vmax. value than did another isoenzyme, which exhibits specificity for 5 alpha-androstanes, and aldehyde reductase. Immunoprecipitation of guinea-pig liver cytosol with antisera against the testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde reductase indicated that most of the benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity in the tissue is due to testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗