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Biomedical subjects

H Sawada

Publications and source records attributed to H Sawada.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factors type one and two genes are co-expressed in proliferating normal human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture.

Complimentary ribonucleic acid (cRNA) probes were used to detect expression of the genes for heparin binding (fibroblast) growth factor type one (HBGF-1) and two (HBGF-2) in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from normal human blood vessels. Hybridization in situ revealed that transcripts for both HBGF-1 and HBGF-2 are expressed in endothelial cells from both umbilical vein and aorta. Relative intensity of radioactive grains suggest that HBGF-1 gene expression may exceed HBGF-2 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells. Collective expression of both HBGF-1 and HBGF-2 in smooth muscle cells may exceed that in endothelial cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1990

Opposite effects of monokines (interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor) on proliferation and heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factor binding to human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

Heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factors (HBGF) are mitogens for both human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Under similar conditions, both vascular cells display similar numbers of specific HBGF binding sites with similar apparent affinity for HBGF. The monokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, inhibit endothelial cell growth and stimulate smooth muscle cell growth. The opposite mitogenic effects correlate with reduction and increase in HBGF receptor number displayed by endothelial and smooth muscle cells, respectively. These results suggest that the two monokines may depress endothelial cell regeneration and augment smooth muscle cell hyperplasia by differential modulation of the HBGF receptor in the two vascular cell types.

Aorta↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of the collagen in the hexagonal lattice of Descemet's membrane: its relation to type VIII collagen.

To investigate the nature of the hexagonal lattice structure in Descemet's membrane, monoclonal antibodies were raised against a homogenate of bovine Descemet's membranes. They were screened by immunofluorescence microscopy to obtain antibodies that label Descement's membrane. Some monoclonal antibodies labeled both Descemet's membrane and fine filaments within the stroma. In electron microscopy, with immunogold labeling on a critical point dried specimen, the antibodies labeled the hexagonal lattices and long-spacing structures produced by the bovine corneal endothelial cells in culture; 6A2 antibodies labeled the nodes of the lattice and 9H3 antibodies labeled the sides of the lattice. These antibodies also labeled the hexagonal lattice of Descemet's membrane in situ in ultrathin frozen sectioning. In immunofluorescence, these antibodies stained the sclera, choroid, and optic nerve sheath and its septum. They also labeled the dura mater of the spinal cord, and the perichondrium of the tracheal cartilage. In immunoblotting, the antibodies recognized 64-kD collagenous peptides both in tissue culture and in Descemet's membrane in vivo. They also recognized 50-kD pepsin-resistant fragments from Descemet's membranes that are related to type VIII collagen. However, they did not react either in immunoblotting or in immunoprecipitation with medium of subconfluent cultures from which type VIII collagen had been obtained. The results are discussed with reference to the nature of type VIII collagen, which is currently under dispute. This lattice collagen may be a member of a novel class of long-spacing fibrils.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Purification and properties of multiple forms of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from human liver.

Two acidic and three basic forms of monomeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase with molecular weights in the range of 36,000-39,000 were purified from human liver. One acidic enzyme (pI 5.2), which was specific for NADP- and dihydrodiols of benzene and naphthalene, was immunologically identified as aldehyde reductase. The other four enzymes oxidized alicyclic alcohols as well as the dihydrodiols using both NADP+ and NAD+ as cofactors, but showed differences in specificity for hydroxysteroids and inhibitor sensitivity. Two of the basic enzymes (pI 9.7 and 9.1) exhibited a 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and sensitivity to 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas the third basic enzyme (pI 7.6) oxidized some 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids at low rates and was inhibited by cyclopentane-1,1-diacetic acid. Another acidic enzyme, which accounted for the largest amount of enzyme activity in the tissue and appeared in two heterogenous forms with pI values of 5.9 and 5.4, showed a high 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and was the most sensitive to inhibition by medroxyprogesterone acetate. The Km values of the enzymes, except the pI 5.2 enzyme, for hydroxysteroids (10(-6) to 10(-7) M) were lower than those for xenobiotic alcohols.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1990

Molecular heterogeneity of beta-thalassaemia in the Japanese: identification of two novel mutations.

Five unrelated Japanese beta-thalassaemia genes, from one homozygote and four heterozygotes, have been systematically characterized using DNA polymorphism analysis, polymerase chain reaction, dot-blot hybridization and direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA. Four different molecular defects were observed on three different beta-globin gene frameworks. One of these, the A----G mutation in the TATA box, a previously described mutation, was detected by dot-blot hybridization in one homozygote and one heterozygote with the beta-globin gene of framework 2. The second mutation is a C----T substitution at position 654 of IVS-2, the mutation commonly found in Chinese, which was associated with the framework 1 gene. Another two mutations, both associated with framework 3 genes, are novel ones; an amber mutation in codon 90 (GAG to TAG) and a frameshift (+G) insertion in codon 54, both of which cause a beta 0-thalassaemia phenotype by premature termination of the beta-globin chain synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Analysis with restriction endonucleases recognizing 4- or 5-base-pair sequences of human adenovirus type 3 isolated from ocular diseases in Sapporo, Japan.

A total of 49 adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) strains from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis at an eye clinic in Sapporo, Japan, from 1983 to 1986 were classified into either genome type Ad3f (26 strains) or Ad3g (23 strains). By the use of Hinf1 and TaqI restriction endonucleases, they were classified into 11 and 3 subgenome types, respectively. During this observation period, two epidemics of Ad3 infection relating to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred. The prevalent Ad3g strains isolated during the epidemic in 1983 belonged to a single subgenome type. However, in the course of the Ad3f epidemic in 1986, alteration of one subgenome type of the prevalent strain to a different subgenome type which was presumed to be a derivative of the former was observed. In the years in which only a few Ad3 strains were isolated, such Ad3f strains were classified into different subgenome types. However, all Ad3g strains except two belonged to the same subgenome type.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of medial medullary infarction.

Medial medullary infarction is characterized by ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy, contralateral hemiparesis sparing the face, and contralateral disturbance of deep sensation. Although it is possible to make a clinical diagnosis in typical patients, diagnosis is difficult if hypoglossal nerve palsy is absent. We describe a patient with medial medullary infarction without hypoglossal nerve palsy. The patient suffered from left hemiplegia and homolateral disturbance of deep sensation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the site of the lesion to be in the medial portion of the upper medulla oblongata. The result of somatosensory evoked potential testing was compatible with disturbance of the medullary medial lemniscus. In a review of the literature, we examined the relation between clinical features and lesion location in 16 patients with medial medullary infarction and compared these to the present patient. Motor paresis was present in every patient, while disturbance of deep sensation was recorded in nine of 13 patients and hypoglossal nerve palsy in six of 14 patients. In atypical patients with medial medullary infarction (such as the present patient), magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to detect the lesion and to make a clinical diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Localization of pulmonary carbonyl reductase in guinea pig and mouse: enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.

We studied the localization of carbonyl reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.184) in guinea pig and mouse lung by enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against the guinea pig lung enzyme which crossreacted with the lung enzymes of both animals. Carbonyl reductase activity was detectable in the bronchiolar epithelial cells of small airways and in alveolar cells. In the immunohistochemical staining for carbonyl reductase, the reaction was strongest in the non-ciliated bronchiolar cells (Clara cells) and was weak in the ciliated cells and type II alveolar pneumocytes. Injection of a single dose of naphthalene led to significant impairment of carbonyl reductase activity and of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in mouse lung, with a marked decrease in both activity and immunoreactive staining in the bronchiolar epithelial cells. The results indicate that carbonyl reductase is localized primarily in the Clara cells, which are known to be sites of pulmonary drug metabolism.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of an antihypertensive compound from Lactobacillus casei.

Antihypertensive compounds were purified from an extract of autologous Lactobacillus casei cell lysates. The most effective compounds were polysaccharide-glycopeptide complexes, found in the cell wall. The average molecular weight was estimated as 180,000 from gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300. The polysaccharide moiety of the complexes consisted of glucose, rhamnose, and galactose, whereas the glycopeptide moiety consisted of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, asparagine, glutamine, alanine, and lysine. The varieties of the components of these moieties were constant and independent of complex molecular size. When these complexes were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR) at doses of 1 mg/kg-body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 10-20 mmHg 6 to 12 hr after administration without any change in heart rate. Appreciable hypotensive activity was lost by treating the complexes with hydrofluoric acid, which hydrolytically cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the polysaccharide and glycopeptide moiety.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Rapid diagnosis of enterovirus 70 infection by detection of IgM antibodies with a biotin-avidin ELISA].

A biotin-avidin immunoassay was developed to detect IgM antibodies to enterovirus 70 (EV70) in sera from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Biotinylated monoclonal antibody to EV70 and horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin were used in an indirect IgM capture ELISA. 40 acute- and convalescent-phase serum pairs were tested and 34 sera (85.0%) in the convalescent phase were positive for IgM antibodies. The positive rate of the method was much higher than that of the non-biotin-avidin system for EV70 (55%). Two sera in the acute phase, which were negative for neutralizing antibodies, had IgM antibodies. Two serum specimens which had been collected a third time from 2 patients during the seventh week after onset were positive for IgM, showing that EV70 IgM lasts at least for one month and a half. The biotin-avidin ELISA is sensitive and can be performed in 2 days instead of 3 days for the non-biotin-avidin method, and is useful for rapid diagnosis of EV70 infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Medial medullary infarction demonstrated by MRI].

A 67-year-old woman with medial medullary infarction is reported, including clinical manifestations, MRI and angiographical findings, and results of evoked potentials. She suffered from contralateral hemiplegia and disturbance of deep sensation. Motor paresis of the tongue was absent. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the medial portion of the medulla oblongata. The 17 cases previously reported with medial medullary infarction are reviewed. Only 3 cases had triad of medial medullary infarction, contralateral hemiparesis, deep sensory disturbance, and ipsilateral hypoglossal paresis. Therefore, lesion detection is necessary to diagnose medial medullary infarction. Most infarctions limited to the upper third of the medulla were caused by occlusions of vertebral arteries or their branches and prognosis was good. In contrast, infarctions in the lower two thirds were caused by occlusions of anterior spinal arteries and their branches and the prognosis was poor. Thus localization of the lesion using MRI plays an important role to predict the prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of polyamines by a new enzymatic differential assay. (7) Fundamental study on a new enzymatic differential assay of tissue polyamines].

The enzymatic method for isolation and determination of urinary polyamines was modified to measure the polyamines in tissue. High recovery rates of polyamines in tissue by the enzymatic method were obtained, namely, 104.5 +/- 7.4% for diamine, 104.7 +/- 23.3% for spermidine and 104.8 +/- 7.5% for spermine. The results obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography, and a close correlation was demonstrated for all fractions: diamine r = 0.8991, y = 0.9916x + 0.0499; spermidine r = 0.8936, y = 1.2073x + 0.1005; spermine r = 0.8921, y = 1.2200x-0.2194, (n = 13).

Biogenic Polyamines↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of polyamines by a new enzymatic differential assay. (8) Studies on tissue polyamine concentrations in patients with genitourinary malignant diseases].

Polyamine concentrations of human cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from the kidney, ureter, bladder were measured by a new enzymatic method for isolation and determination of polyamines. In cancerous and non-cancerous tissue of the organs studied, the spermine level was highest followed by the spermidine and diamine levels. The concentrations of diamine, spermidine and spermine in cancerous tissues were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous tissues, but there was no significant difference in the spermidine/spermine ratio between the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. These data suggest that polyamines are produced above the normal levels in pathological conditions such as renal cell carcinoma, ureteral cancer and bladder cancer.

Biogenic Polyamines↗
PubMed1989

Isolation from pig lens of two proteins with dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase activities.

Dimeric and monomeric proteins containing dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase activities were purified from pig lens. The dimeric enzyme of Mr 65,000 specifically oxidized the trans-dihydrodiols of naphthalene and benzene with NADP+ as a strict cofactor, and reduced alpha-diketones, aromatic aldehydes and glyceraldehyde with NADPH as a cofactor. The monomeric enzyme of Mr 35,000, although identical with aldose reductase, oxidized the trans-dihydrodiol of naphthalene at a pH optimum of 7.6. These results suggest that the two enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of naphthalene cataract.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

[A case of mediastinal neurilemmoma diagnosed by X-ray guided needle biopsy].

A 70-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of general lassitude. She had been treated for duodenal ulcer. A routine chest X-ray film at admission showed a large tumorous shadow in the right apical field. A computed tomographic scan revealed that it was a posterior mediastinal tumor containing multiple cystic lesions. After medical treatment for duodenal ulcer, a needle biopsy was performed for histological diagnosis. Under local anesthesia a small skin incision was made in the supraclavicular region to avoid parietal pleura and great vessels and a specimen was obtained by a needle guided by X-ray fluoroscopy. The tumor was diagnosed as neurilemmoma histologically. She was discharged because the complaint subsided. Five months later, however, she was again admitted complaining of righ nuchal pain. Thoracotomy was performed under general anesthesia and the tumor growing from the second intercostal nerve was resected. It was 5 x 4 x 5.5 cm in size, encapsulated and consisted of multiple cystic lesions macroscopically. It was confirmed as Antoni B type neurilemmoma histologically. The nuchal pain subsided and she has been doing well for more than three years after discharge. Recently computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) have been widely used as a guiding device for needle biopsy. In this case, however, CT guided needle biopsy was not applied for fear of possible complications such as pneumothorax. It was also impossible to perform US guided needle biopsy because the tumor was behind the costal and sternal bones and could not be visualized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Single-daily-dose treatment of ceftriaxone for biliary tract infections and bacterial counts in bile].

To evaluate the effects of ceftriaxone (CTRX) administered once daily, the biliary concentration of CTRX and daily changes in the bacterial count in bile from an indwelling T-tube were measured concomitantly. The effects on prophylaxis of postoperative infections after biliary tract surgery were also examined mainly due to clinical symptoms. The biliary CTRX levels increased rapidly and were sustained as high as 92.5-219 micrograms/ml in all patients even 24 hours after 2 g of CTRX was infused intravenously once daily. Five of 7 patients whose bile samples were positive for bacteria showed high CTRX levels in bile and almost no bacteria present after treatment. CTRX-sensitive bacteria eliminated 1 or 2 hours after the administration in response to the increase of biliary CTRX levels. The changes in bacteria count of bile may be closely related to CTRX antibiotic activity. As an antibiotic prophylaxis, other 18 patients with biliary diseases received intravenous infusion of 2 g of CTRX once daily for 5-7 days (mean 5.9 days). Thus, once-daily dose treatment of CTRX 2 g may have antibiotic effects on biliary infection and postoperative prophylaxis of biliary infections and it is indicated that the prolonged biliary levels of CTRX are essential for its efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adult T-cell leukemia initially manifesting as facial diplegia.

We report an unusual case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) initially manifesting as facial palsy due to ATL meningitis, which was caused by lymphoid cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a different phenotype from those in the blood. A DNA southern blot analysis of the blood cells confirmed the diagnosis of ATL. The aberrant cells in the CSF contained nuclei with simple indentations and responded well to the initial chemotherapy, while leukemic cells in the blood showed lobulated or convoluted nuclei and were resistant to treatment. Flow cytometry performed before treatment demonstrated that the majority of the cells in the CSF were CD3+CD4+CD8-CD25+, consistent with ATL, whereas they expressed the CD45R antigen, which the blood ATL cells did not. These differences in the subphenotype, cell morphology, and responsiveness to treatment among the ATL cells in blood and CSF suggest that a single clone or subclone with heterogeneous nature was not generated, before the final development of ATL.

Adult↗