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Biomedical subjects

H Sauer

Publications and source records attributed to H Sauer.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cryopreservation, survival and function of intrastriatal fetal mesencephalic grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

In the present study we quantitatively assessed to what extent freeze-storage at liquid nitrogen temperature influences the survival and function of fetal mesencephalic grafts in the dopamine-depleted rat striatum. Ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue was dissected from rat fetuses and stored overnight in a preservative medium at 4 degrees C (hibernation). It was grafted intrastriatally either as a fresh cell suspension or was frozen as tissue fragments or as a cell suspension after stepwise incubation in ascending concentrations of dimethyl-sulphoxide. Following a cryopreservation interval of 80 days in liquid nitrogen, the frozen samples were rapidly thawed, rinsed, and grafted. Cellular viabilities of graft cell suspensions, as assessed by ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, were decreased from 90% in fresh tissue to 38-35% in frozen and thawed tissue. Amphetamine-induced turning behavior at 6 weeks post-grafting was significantly attenuated in hosts that had received fresh grafts or grafts that were frozen as tissue fragments. Tyrosine hydroxylase-(TH-) immunocytochemistry of recipient brains revealed significant decreases in TH-positive graft cell numbers in rats grafted with cryopreserved tissue (38-42% of fresh tissue). Moreover, the dye exclusion viability of thawed VM tissue was found to accurately predict the subsequent graft survival. There was no difference with respect to graft cell numbers between the two freezing methods employed, though block storage seems to be more simple from a practical point of view.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1992

Is the DSM-III-R category of mood disorders too broad? Personality findings.

In the DSM-III and DSM-III-R the affective or mood category has been widened and mood-incongruent psychotic affective illness (MICPAI) included. The present study was undertaken to determine whether this broad mood category is still homogeneous. Personality factors were used as parameters. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory findings of 54 patients with MICPAI were compared with those of 21 probands with a DSM-III typical affective disorder and with those of 15 DSM-III schizophrenics. It was shown that MICPAI differed significantly from typical affective disorder, but not from schizophrenia, in particular regarding the subscales "schizophrenia" and "psychopathic deviate". When MICPAI was subdivided into the depressed and manic type, the depressed type was found to be more closely related to schizophrenia (with respect to the subscales "paranoia" and "schizophrenia"), whereas the manic type hardly differed from affective disorder. Whether this result is due to diagnostic inaccuracies is discussed. Our finding that MICPAI differs from typical affective disorder with respect to personality is in accordance with heredity and outcome studies demonstrating that MICPAI is associated with a higher risk for schizophrenia in first-degree relatives and with worse outcomes when compared with typical affective disorder. It can thus be concluded that the decision to include MICPAI in the affective or mood category of the DSM-III or DSM-III-R has rendered this category more heterogeneous.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Biliovenous fistula in children after blunt liver trauma: proposal for a simple surgical treatment.

Biliovenous fistula (BVF) with subsequent leakage of bile into the venous system is a rare but serious complication of blunt liver trauma. Nine cases have been reported since 1975. Surgical therapy is indicated; however, there are still controversies as to which operative method should be applied. Based on experience gained in adult surgery, resection of the BVF together with necrotic liver tissue is also recommended in children. We describe both an organ-saving and technically simple method that was applied in two male patients, 2 and 10 years old, respectively, suffering from BVF. After debridement and tamponade of a necrotic cavity of the liver, drainage was carried out. This prevented bilious leak into the venous system. Based on the case history of these two patients, management of BVF fistula will be described. Pathophysiology of bilhemia and the drainage effect will be discussed in light of a review of the literature.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMed1992

Subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia: do their psychopathological characteristics correspond to cerebral alterations?

This article examines the relationship between psychopathological subsyndromes in schizophrenia and cerebral alterations. A factor analysis of the psychopathological characteristics of 50 DSM-III schizophrenic patients revealed four subsyndromes. On the basis of these subsyndromes, four corresponding clusters of patients--remitted, chronic delusional, chronic asthenic, and chronic disorganized--were identified. These clusters were then compared with respect to negative symptoms, treatment response, neurological soft signs (NSS), and computed tomographic findings, such as the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR), using a discriminant analysis. The first discriminant function consisted of negative symptoms and significantly differentiated the remitted cluster from the three chronic clusters. Within the chronic clusters, the disorganized cluster was clearly identified by the second discriminant function (VBR and NSS). The third function (width of the interhemispheric fissure) provided only a tentative differentiation between the chronic delusional cluster and the chronic asthenic cluster. Although the subsyndromes of chronic schizophrenia share negative symptoms as a common feature, they appear to differ somewhat with regard to their morphological sites. These findings indicate that negative symptoms may arise from different psychopathological states and corroborate the existence of three subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by genetic fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction.

A patient with Hodgkin's disease (clinical stage IIIB) received chemotherapy and total nodal irradiation. After the transfusion of filtered packed red cells, this patient developed transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD). The genetic fingerprint of the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) differed completely from that of her other body tissues. Normally, after transfusion, only the patient's own genetic fingerprints are observed in the PBLs, as exemplified in more than 10 control cases in which the transfused blood had not been filtered before transfusion. No signal bands corresponding to those of the blood donor could be demonstrated in samples of the patient's tissue DNA. Moreover, chimerism was detected in the hybridization pattern of the patient's PBLs on the ninth day after the onset of symptoms. Polymorphic simple repeats in the HLA-DRB gene after amplification by polymerase chain reaction were also investigated, which confirmed the fingerprinting results. The advantages of these methods for the diagnosis of TA-GVHD include the rapid and unequivocal diagnosis as well as the fact that there is no need for the relatives to be HLA typed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rupture of the duodenum with avulsion of the papilla of Vater due to blunt trauma in a child, and review of the literature.

Duodenal rupture with avulsion of the papilla of Vater is an uncommon injury due to blunt abdominal trauma in children. This report describes a 9-year-old boy who sustained this injury and was treated successfully two days delayed by a Roux-en-Y choledocho-pancreaticojejunostomy and temporary implantation of a zipper for abdominal wall closure. The rarity of this complex injury and its initial presentation as a posttraumatic pancreatitis warrant its description. A review of the literature, modes of diagnosis and surgical technique for repair are described.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Isolated bowel injury in blunt abdominal trauma in childhood.

From a total of 734 children with a blunt abdominal trauma admitted to the hospital in the past 15 years, 21 patients (3%) sustained an isolated injury of the bowel (8 duodenal, 9 jejunal and 4 colon ruptures). All patients were laparotomized without a postoperative mortality. Accompanying abdominal injuries were seen only in duodenal ruptures (pancreatitis and one choledochal and pancreatic ruptures). In 85% the blunt violence was caused by bicycle accidents due to the handle bar, in one case by a car accident and in 3 children by falls. Accurate diagnosis was only possible regarding the history, the mechanism of the accident and an exact repeated clinical examination. Despite further investigations of blood chemistry laboratory findings, ultrasound and x-ray, no further confirmation of the diagnosis could be achieved. Complications, occurring in 14% of our patients, were not related to the trauma itself, but caused by a delayed diagnosis and therapy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Pattern of Sertoli cell degeneration in cryptorchid prepubertal testes.

Seventy-three testicular biopsies from 54 children (aged 2 months-14 years) with undescended testes were examined by light and electron microscopy. The biopsies included abdominal, inguinally fixed, inguinally moveable, and retractile testes. Alterations in Sertoli cell morphology were found in all biopsies. The alterations included dilated elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, mitochondria with poorly preserved cristae, increase in electron density of the matrix, elongation of the nuclei, and irregularities of the nuclear membrane. According to the numerical appearance of these cells and to the extent of lesions in single Sertoli cells, seven phases in the continuous process of tubular alteration were distinguished. The most severe tubular damaged (phase VII) occurred when the seminiferous epithelium consisted exclusively of necrotic cells. All phases of tubular alterations were seen regularly in each of the biopsies investigated. Germ cells occurred only in phases I-IV and were never observed in tubules in phases V-VII. Significant differences became evident between inguinal and retractile testes by morphometric evaluation. It was demonstrated that the number of germ cells per cross-sectioned tubule (S/T value) correlated negatively with the percentage of tubules in phases V-VII. In contrast to inguinal testes, a complete absence of Sertoli cells and an S/T value less than 0.1 were never found in retractile testes and the percentage of tubules in phases V-VII was reduced significantly compared with inguinal testes. Our findings indicate that (i) maldescended testis in patients between 1 and 15 years-of-age is associated with a special pattern of Sertoli cell degeneration; (ii) Sertoli cell degeneration is a continuous process, which can lead eventually to complete dissolution of the seminiferous epithelium; (iii) total degeneration is not related to age but is dependent on testicular position; (iv) a defined phase of degeneration excludes germ cell development, and therefore enhanced Sertoli cell degeneration in cryptorchid testes must also account for the reduction in germ cell number.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Graft versus host disease with fatal outcome after administration of filtered erythrocyte concentrates].

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) resulting from the engraftment of competent lymphocytes contained in blood products has been well described in immunocompromised patients and more recently in immunocompetent patients. Prophylactic irradiation of blood products prior to transfusion is the most efficient way to prevent TA-GVHD. Standard blood bank measures to reduce mononuclear cell contamination in red blood cell units, such as freezing, washing and filtration, may reduce the number of viable lymphocytes to prevent immunizations. However, it is unknown whether the depletion of leukocytes with these techniques would decrease the risk of TA-GVHD. In this report we describe the first case of TA-GVHD following transfusion of filtrated red blood cells given to a patient receiving cytotoxic therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of parasite-specific antibodies during human schistosomiasis--diagnostic relevance].

Sera from patients with schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium) were examined for the presence of parasite specific antibodies (total antibodies), specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies by means fo ELISA technique using antigens prepared from adult worms of S. mansoni. Individuals from tropical countries who had no schistosomiasis and blood donors from Germany were studied for comparison. Significantly higher levels of specific antibodies were given by sera from patients with schistosomiasis than by controls in the tests for total antibodies, IgE and IgG4. The use of these results in diagnosis is compared and assessed with microscopic-parasitological methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Activated circulating lymphocytes as a parameter for clinical activity in patients with Crohn disease].

Patients with Crohn's disease exhibit peripheral lymphocytes during exacerbation which express activation associated epitopes on their cell surface. We have therefore enumerated circulating lymphocytes in 36 patients with Crohn's disease by immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal antibodies directed against activation associated antigens (CD 25, CD 71, CD 38 and MHC-class II-antigens, respectively). We found a highly significant correlation between the percentage of activated lymphocytes and the clinical activity. Thus in our experience measuring of activated peripheral lymphocytes proved as a valuable parameter in assessing the clinical activity of Crohn's disease for a well-timed medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Rehabilitation of patients with malignant germ cell tumor].

The progress achieved in the treatment of the malignant germ cell tumor of the male is based on the introduction of cisplatin in polychemotherapy and of consistent interdisciplinary cooperation (including surgery). Thus more than 70% of testicular cancer patients are now cured long term. Early diagnosis and consistent therapy increase the chances of survival additionally. The chances of successful therapy are markedly higher in early tumor stages (90%) than in late tumor stages (less than 50%), where intensive therapy modalities are being tried (bone marrow transplantation, cytokines). After reaching complete remission, consistent follow up programmes are important in order to detect a relapse (10-15%), and to enable the patient to return to his profession. Psychosocial care is also an important factor. The patient should under no condition be pensioned off, more than 90% of the mainly very young patients (median age 20-35) can return to work after the phase of intensive therapy (3-6 months). In the case of our 222 patients, only 13 had to be pensioned and 7 received new professional training. A disabled pass should be issued, whereby the extent of the disability is reduced from at first 80%-100% to 20% after a period of 5 years. The entry into civil service and a life insurance policy are also usually possible after 5 years. To aid in the consistent and necessary follow up of this group of hopeful and highly curable patients, we have had good experiences in Bavaria with a follow up calendar.

Combined Modality Therapy↗